Unit3FamilymattersUnderstandingideas分層練習高一英語（2019）.x

Unit3FamilymattersUnderstandingideas分層練習語言知識一、（2024·高一課時練習）單詞拼寫1.Thisisthehousewheremyfamilyhavelivedforthree_______(一代).2.Itisveryconvenientforustohavea_______(聊天)withourfamilymembersandfriendswiththehelpofWeChat.3.Thereare108main_______(人物，角色)inthenovelWaterMargin,whichisoneofthefourChineseliteratureclassics.4.BasketballismyfavouritesportandI'dlovetobea_______(職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的)basketballplayeroneday.5.MysisterisstudyinglawatCambridgeUniversityandsheislikelytobeea_______(律師)inthefuture.6.LiNasufferedfromterriblepaininherknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertocontinueher______(職業(yè)，事業(yè))asatennisplayer.7.Ifyourluggageisoverweight,you'llhavetopay_______(額外的)money.8.Pleasesendаspeakerfromyourgrouptomakea_______(總結(jié))ofyourdiscussion.9.XuHaifengisthefirstChineseplayertowinthegold________(獎牌)intheOlympicGames.10.ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQareopentonewideasandhave_______(積極的)attitudestowardslife.【答案】1.generations2.chat3.characters4.professional5.lawyer6.career7.extra8.summary9.medal10.positive二、（2024·高一課時練習）單句語法填空1Tomhasagood_______andcan_______newwordsveryquickly.HesaysthetriptoChinaisoneofthemost_______experiencesinhislife.(memorize)2Afterhecameto_______,everyonesaidhewasa______leader,butnowhefeelsso________thatheevencan`tsavehisdaughter.(power)3Theyoungmankept________tohisgirlfriendforhisbeinglate,butsherefusedtoaccepthis________.(apologise)4We`llbe______foryoursafetyandyouneedtotake_______foryouractions.(responsible)5Becauseofhis__________successinplayingbasketball,manyteenagers________JeremyLinandthinkhedeservestheir_______.(admire)6Weshould_________apersonbyhisactions,notbyhiswords.______fromwhathesaid,wethoughthewasanhonestman.However,ithasbeenprovedthatour_______iswrong.(judge)7Beethoven,whoiswidelyconsideredtobea_______musician,showedgreat_______formusicwhenhewasyoung.(talent)8Ifyouwanttogetmore________,pleasecontactme.Itwillgiveyoumore________informationaboutit.(detail)【答案】1.memory;memorize;memorable2.power;powerful;powerless3.apologising;apology4.responsible;responsibility5.admirable;admire;admiration6.judge;Judging;judgment7.talented;talent8.details;detailed三、（2024·高一課時練習）漢譯英（單詞/短語）1．運動手表________2．記錄情況，追逐________3．記錄訓練的進展_________4．專業(yè)運動員_________5．熱心體育的人________6．一個理想的選擇________7．數(shù)據(jù)顯示器________8．監(jiān)控心率________9．聲控裝置________10．保持免提狀態(tài)________【答案】1．a(chǎn)sportswatch2．keeptrackof3．chartone’strainingprogress4．a(chǎn)professionalathlete5．a(chǎn)keensportsperson6．a(chǎn)nidealchoice7．a(chǎn)digitaldisplay8．monitorone’sheartrate9．a(chǎn)voicecontrol10．stayhandsfree【解析】1．運動手表，英文表達為asportswatch，故答案填asportswatch。2．記錄情況，追逐，英文表達為keeptrackof，故答案填keeptrackof。3．記錄訓練的進展，“記錄”chart，“訓練的進展”one’strainingprogress，故答案填chartone’strainingprogress。4．專業(yè)運動員，英文表達為aprofessionalathlete，故答案填aprofessionalathlete。5．熱心體育的人，英文表達為akeensportsperson，故答案填akeensportsperson。6．一個理想的選擇，英文表達為anidealchoice，故答案填anidealchoice。7．數(shù)據(jù)顯示器，英文表達為adigitaldisplay，故答案填adigitaldisplay。8．監(jiān)控心率，“監(jiān)控”monitor，“心率”one’sheartrate，故答案填monitorone’sheartrate。9．聲控裝置，英文表達為avoicecontrol，故答案填avoicecontrol。10．保持免提狀態(tài)，英文表達為stayhandsfree，故答案填stayhandsfree。知識應用（2024屆安徽省六安第一中學高三下學期三模）閱讀理解Intherecordofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessasartificialintelligence(AI).Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatoncerequiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinancetotransportationandentertainment.Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machinelearning”isthedrivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomoreadvancedsystemslikeIBM’sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsindiagnosingdiseases.ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,selfdrivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.However,withgreatpotentialesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutitsethicalimplications(道德含義).Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere’sagrowingconcernaboutbiases(偏見)beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverythingfromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,haveeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbasedonraceorgender.Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.WhilenewrolesandindustriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincreaseineinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.ManyAlsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheircreatorsdon’tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareorcriminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.Thenthere’sthepotentialforAltobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalmunitymustetogethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促進)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwele.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.1．InwhatwaydoesAIacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasksthattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?A．Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.B．Throughuserinteractionseveryday.C．Byswallowingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.D．Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.2．Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?A．Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.B．BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.C．Throughpersonalexperiences.D．ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAl.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Alhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.B．TheglobalmunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.C．TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.D．ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A．TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexaB．UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithmsC．ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow’sTechD．BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．D【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標準和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時避免潛在的危險。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.(人工智能的核心是數(shù)據(jù)。大量的數(shù)據(jù)被輸入到算法中，從這些數(shù)據(jù)中學習，使它們能夠做出預測，識別模式，甚至做出決策。)”可知，機器獲得執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的任務的能力的方法是通過攝取和處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,selfdrivingcarsequippedwithAlsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.(人工智能的變革潛力是不可否認的。例如，在醫(yī)療領域，人工智能可以幫助早期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病，預測患者的預后，甚至提出治療方案。在金融領域，算法可以預測股票市場趨勢，并提供個性化的理財建議。在交通方面，配備人工智能系統(tǒng)的自動駕駛汽車有望減少事故，緩解交通擁堵，并改變城市景觀。)”、第四段“However,withgreatpotentialesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethicalimplications(道德含義).(然而，潛力越大，責任越大。人工智能的興起引發(fā)了關于其道德含義的爭論。)”、第五段“Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.(此外，人工智能的廣泛應用可能會導致大量的工作崗位流失。)”以及第六段“Anothermajorconcernisthe“blackbox”natureofAI.(另一個主要問題是人工智能的“黑匣子”性質(zhì)。)”可推知，作者通過展示人工智能的積極潛力和挑戰(zhàn)來論證人工智能的影響。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering(促進)acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast(并排的，并肩的)oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.(從好的方面來看，許多專家認為，通過建立正確的框架，投資于教育和再培訓，我們可以利用人工智能的力量為更大的利益服務。通過培養(yǎng)一種持續(xù)學習的文化和跟上技術(shù)進步的步伐，社會可以從人工智能的前景中受益，同時避免其潛在的危險。)”可知，解決人工智能帶來的困境需要我們社會的共同努力。故選D。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwele.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.(總之，人工智能是我們這個時代最深刻的發(fā)明之一。雖然它提供了巨大的機會，但它也帶來了我們作為一個社會必須歡迎的重大挑戰(zhàn)。當我們站在這個技術(shù)的十字路口時，我們的選擇將決定人工智能對人類是有益還是有害。)”可知，文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標準和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時避免潛在的危險。由此可知，D項：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAlinModernSociety(平衡人工智能在現(xiàn)代社會中的潛力和挑戰(zhàn))是最好的標題。故選D。五、（2024屆重慶市九龍坡區(qū)高三第三次學業(yè)質(zhì)量抽調(diào)）七選五Alongwithfeelingsofanxiety,lossofcontrolandnervousness,physicaleffects,arecausedbyhomesickness.Homesicknessmightdriveyoutomissfamiliarthings.Itisn’tonlyforkids.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.1.Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.Wegatheredafewpsychologistbackedtipsonhelpingreducehomesickness.2.Feelinghomesickwhenseparatedfromlovedonesmakespeoplewanttobewiththosesupportivepeople.Butkeepinmindthateveryoneisdifferentwhenitestoformingthosenewrelationships.Whenmakingnewconnections,it’sbesttosticktothestylethatworksforyouinordertoreducehomesickness.Practiseselfpassion.3.Themostimportantstepinpractisingselfpassionisreplacingnegativethoughtsaboutyourselfwiththoughtsthataremoresupportiveandkinder.Realizethatfeelinghomesickis100percentnormal.Almosteveryoneexperienceshomesicknesswhenmovingtoanewplace.Somepeoplemightjustbebetterathidingit.4.Keepaneyeonyournegativity.It’salsousefultoaskyourselfhowmuchofyourhomesicknessisduetoaneventandhowmuchisfromwhatyou’rethinkingofasituation.Takingastepbackisremended.5.Youcansilencenegativethoughtsinmanyways,includingrecitingpositivesayings,keepingajournalandeventakingawalkinapark.A．SelfpassionislovingyourselfjustasyoulovetheonesyoucareaboutB．Anewplacefeelsnegativeatfirst,andyou’renotsurewhattoenextC．MakeconnectionswithnewpeopleinfortableenvironmentsD．BeinghomesickisnotasignofpersonaldisadvantageE．Rememberthatthere’sagoodsidetohomesicknessF．TrytoavoidfallingintothetrapofanegativeideaG．Sometimesyoujustwanttogetaway【答案】1．E2．C3．A4．D5．F【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心理學家支持的一些減輕鄉(xiāng)愁的建議。1．上文“Itisn’tonlyforkids.Almosteveryonehasfelthomesickatsometime.(這不僅僅是孩子們。幾乎每個人都曾一度想家)”說明想家并不只是孩子的專利；下文“Itmeansyouhavefamilyandfriendsworthmissingandaplaceyouwanttoreturntowhenyouradventureawayfromhomeisover.(想家意味著你有值得思念的家人和朋友以及一個在外探險后想要回去的地方)”表明對想家的積極看法，E項“記住，想家有好的一面”承上啟下，符合語境。故選E項。2．空處作為小標題，應概括本段大意，下文“Feelinghomesickwhenseparatedfromlovedonesmakespeoplewanttobewiththosesupportivepeople.Butkeepinmindthateveryoneisdifferentwhenitestoformingthosenewrelationships.Whenmakingnewconnections,it’sbesttosticktothestylethatworksforyouinordertoreducehomesickness.(當與所愛的人分開時，想家的感覺會讓人們想和那些支持他們的人在一起。但請記住，每個人在建立新關系時都是不同的。結(jié)交新朋友時，為了減少思鄉(xiāng)之情，最好堅持適合自己的風格。)可知，本段主要闡述結(jié)交新朋友、，建立新關系以解思鄉(xiāng)之情時，最好堅持適合自己的風格；C項“在舒適的環(huán)境中與新人建立聯(lián)系”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為小標題，且選項中的Makeconnectionswithnewpeople與下文中Whenmakingnewconnections相呼應，符合語境。故選C項。3．由小標題“Practiseselfpassion.(練習自我同情)”可知本段建議練習自我同情；下文“Themostimportantstepinpractisingselfpassionisreplacingnegativethoughtsaboutyourselfwiththoughtsthataremoresupportiveandkinder.(練習自我同情最重要的一步是用更支持和更友善的想法取代對自己的負面想法)”說明練習自我同情的做法，A項“自我同情就是像愛自己關心的人一樣愛自己”定義了什么是自我同情，與上下文相呼應，符合語境。故選A項。4．上文“Almosteveryoneexperienceshomesicknesswhenmovingtoanewplace.Somepeoplemightjustbebetterathidingit.(幾乎每個人在搬到新地方時都會想家。有些人可能更善于隱藏它)”說明想家是正?，F(xiàn)象；D項“想家并不是個人缺陷的標志”承接上文，符合語境。故選D項。5．下文“Youcansilencenegativethoughtsinmanyways,includingrecitingpositivesayings,keepingajournalandeventakingawalkinapark.(你可以通過多種方式壓制消極的想法，包括背誦積極的名言、記日記，甚至在公園里散步)”說明如何避免或處理消極情緒，F(xiàn)項“盡量避免陷入消極想法的陷阱”引起下文，anegativeidea與標題中negativity和下文negativethoughts相呼應，符合語境。故選F項。六、（2024屆福建省漳州市高三畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測）閱讀理解Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologistattheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Heparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleassimilartothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbeingsmallerwas“amonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeamonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”1．HowdomammalscopewithclimatechangeaccordingtoBrusatte?A．Movingtocolderregions. B．Reducingtheirbodysize.C．Losingtheirweight. D．Adaptingtheirdiet.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipation”inParagraph3mean?A．Exchange. B．Formation. C．Absorption. D．Emission.3．WhatisAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A．Worried. B．Objective. C．Skeptical. D．Approving.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．TheThreatofClimateChangetoHumanSurvivalB．TheImpactofClimateChangeonMammalBodySizesC．TheEvolutionaryTrendsinMammalBodySizesD．TheAdaptiveStrategiesofMammalstoClimateChange【答案】1．B