GB/T 18978.210-2024人-系統(tǒng)交互工效學第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設計

ICS13.180

CCSA25

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

代替GB/T18976—2003

人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學

第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)

設計

Ergonomicsofhuman?systeminteraction—Part210：Human?centreddesign

forinteractivesystems

（ISO9241?210：2019，IDT）

2024?08?23發(fā)布2025?03?01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義··············································································································1

4采用以人為中心設計的理論基礎···················································································4

5以人為中心的設計原則·······························································································5

5.1概述·················································································································5

5.2設計需基于對用戶、任務和環(huán)境的清晰認知································································5

5.3用戶全程參與設計和開發(fā)······················································································5

5.4通過以用戶為中心的評估來驅動和改進設計······························································6

5.5設計過程需迭代··································································································6

5.6設計需解決全流程的用戶體驗················································································6

5.7設計團隊具有多學科技能和視角·············································································7

6規(guī)劃以人為中心的設計·······························································································7

6.1通則·················································································································7

6.2職責·················································································································7

6.3規(guī)劃內容···········································································································8

6.4與項目規(guī)劃的融合·······························································································8

6.5時間和資源········································································································8

7以人為中心的設計活動·······························································································8

7.1概述·················································································································8

7.2理解并明確使用情境···························································································10

7.2.1概述··········································································································10

7.2.2使用情境描述······························································································10

7.2.3足夠的細節(jié)來支持設計··················································································10

7.2.4為設計明確的使用情境··················································································10

7.3明確用戶需求····································································································11

7.3.1通則··········································································································11

7.3.2識別用戶和其他利益相關方的需要···································································11

7.3.3提取用戶需求······························································································11

7.3.4解決用戶需求之間的權衡···············································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

7.3.5確保用戶需求規(guī)范的質量···············································································11

7.4提出設計方案····································································································11

7.4.1通則··········································································································11

7.4.2在綜合考慮用戶體驗的情況下設計用戶任務、用戶?系統(tǒng)交互和用戶界面以滿足用戶

需求··········································································································12

7.4.3具象化設計方案···························································································13

7.4.4基于以用戶為中心的評估和反饋修改設計方案····················································13

7.4.5將設計方案移交給負責實施的人員···································································13

7.5評估設計··········································································································13

7.5.1通則··········································································································13

7.5.2執(zhí)行以用戶為中心的評估···············································································14

7.5.3以用戶為中心的評估方法···············································································14

7.5.4基于用戶的測試···························································································14

7.5.5基于檢查的評估···························································································15

7.5.6長期監(jiān)測····································································································15

8可持續(xù)性與以人為中心設計·······················································································15

9符合性··················································································································16

附錄A（資料性）ISO9241系列概述···············································································17

附錄B（資料性）評估適用性與符合性的過程示例······························································18

B.1概述···············································································································18

B.2如何使用該清單································································································18

B.3復制清單·········································································································18

參考文獻····················································································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/T18978的第210部分。GB/T18978已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以下部分：

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第1部分：概述；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第2部分：任務要求指南；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第10部分：對話原則；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第12部分：信息呈現(xiàn)；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第13部分：用戶指南；

——使用視覺顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類工效學要求第16部分：直接操作對話；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第11部分：可用性：定義和概念；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第143部分：表單；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第151部分：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶界面指南；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設計；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第300部分：電子視覺顯示要求概述；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第304部分：電子視覺顯示器的用戶績效測試方法；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第307部分：電子視覺顯示器的分析和符合性試驗方法；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第400部分：物理輸入設備的原則和要求。

本文件代替GB/T18976—2003《以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設計過程》，與GB/T18976—2003相比，

除結構和編輯性改動，主要技術變化如下：

——更改了以人為中心的設計原則（見第5章，2003年版的第5章）；

——更改了迭代在整個設計過程中的作用（而不僅僅是評估）（見5.5，2003年版的5.4）；

——增加了以人為中心的方法可在系統(tǒng)的整個生命周期中使用（見6.1、6.5）；

——更改了設計活動（見第7章，2003年版的第7章）；

——更改了圖1（見7.1，2003年版的7.1），便于分類；

——增加了無障礙的相關內容（見7.1）。

本文件等同采用ISO9241?210：2019《人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)

設計》。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由全國人類工效學標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC7）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國標準化研究院、美的集團股份有限公司、山東賢思齊智能科技有限公司、鄭

州大學、廈門業(yè)盛電氣有限公司、安吉偉譽家具有限公司、大連海事大學、上海飛機設計研究院、北京聯(lián)

合大學、廣東中泰家具集團有限公司、中標能效科技（北京）有限公司、北京航空航天大學、海信空調有

限公司、首都經(jīng)濟貿易大學、青島海爾智能技術研發(fā)有限公司、寧波方太廚具有限公司、杭州老板電器

股份有限公司、內蒙古電投能源股份有限公司、國家電投集團科學技術研究院有限公司、工業(yè)和信息化

部電子第五研究所、北京津發(fā)科技股份有限公司、李寧（中國）體育用品有限公司、南京我樂家居股份有

限公司、國投中標質量基礎設施研究院有限公司、美的集團（上海）有限公司、中標能效科技（青島）有限

公司。

本文件主要起草人：呼慧敏、劉正捷、李銀霞、章哲、牛文磊、饒嘯、冉令華、陳林、張欣、董大勇、

Ⅲ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

趙朝義、王瑞、葛猛、葉欽賜、杜匯、楊愛萍、王潔、杜俊敏、楊帆、羅玲、王中婷、吳海媚、王文麗、程偉香、

別清峰、于彩靈、俞貴濤、鐘素萍、徐長友、郭蘇煜、沈峰、陳綱、朱亮標、趙起超、汪春俊、韋波、宋云娜、

吳石、劉廷、陳劍、張悅、劉義瑋、馮才云、溫燕斌、陳凱、張超然、邵金鵬、周冬冬、初軍鵬、田浩、褚立慶、

孫少山、包建軍、張秋霞、李宏瑞、董煒茜。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

——2003年首次發(fā)布為GB/T18976—2003；

——本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅳ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

引言

GB/T18978人類工效學系列國家標準與ISO9241系列國際標準相對應，最初由17個部分組成，

該系列標準給出了使用視覺顯示終端辦公的人類工效學要求。在國際標準復審時，ISO9241系列國際

標準進行了重大調整，擴大了范圍，納入了其他相關標準，使其更方便使用。ISO9241的總標題“人?系

統(tǒng)交互工效學”反映了調整后的變化，ISO9241與ISO/TC159/SC4分技術委員會的總標題和范圍保

持一致。調整后多部分標準所組成的系列標準以“百”來編號，其中100系列是軟件界面，200系列是

以人為中心的設計，300系列涉及視覺顯示器，400系列涉及物理輸入設備等。其他沒有納入“百”系列

的ISO9241系列標準，仍然沿用舊的編號，如等同采標ISO9241?11：2018的國家標準，編號仍采用

GB/T18978.11。

與ISO9241系列標準相對應，GB/T18978“百”系列標準擬由以下系列組成。

——100系列：軟件工效學。目的在于確定與軟件工效學相關的過程和方法。

——200系列：以人為中心的設計。目的在于為交互系統(tǒng)整個生命周期中以人為本的設計原則和

活動提供要求和建議。

——300系列：顯示器和顯示器相關硬件。目的在于給出用于視覺顯示器工效學設計和評估的方

法、符合性措施和準則。

——400系列：物理輸入設備。目的在于提供輸入、輸出設備的工效學設計準則、選擇規(guī)程、測試

和評估方法。

——500系列：工作空間。目的在于給出交互系統(tǒng)空間環(huán)境設計的工效學原理和方法。

——600系列：環(huán)境工效學。目的在于給出環(huán)境工效學要求以及環(huán)境對人的影響。

——700系列：控制室。目的在于為控制室內場所的工效學設計和評估提供要求、建議和指導。

——900系列：觸覺和觸感交互。目的在于為觸覺和觸感工效學交互設計和評估提供指導。

以人為中心設計是交互系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的一種方法，旨在通過關注用戶的需要和需求，應用人因學/人類

工效學以及可用性的知識和方法，使系統(tǒng)可用并有用。這種方法提高了有效性和效率，改善了人的福

祉、用戶滿意度、無障礙和可持續(xù)性，并減少了使用中對人的健康、安全和績效可能產(chǎn)生的負面影響。

關于如何有效地組織和應用以人為中心設計，有大量的人因學/人類工效學和可用性知識。本文

件旨在提供這些信息，幫助負責管理硬件和軟件設計以及升級流程的人員確認和規(guī)劃及時有效的以人

為中心設計活動。

本文件所描述的以人為中心的設計方法是對現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)設計方法的補充。它能結合到各種各樣的

方法中，比如面向對象、瀑布式和快速應用程序開發(fā)中。

ISO13407自制定并經(jīng)過十年的應用驗證以來，以人為中心的設計原則和相關活動并沒有實質性

的改變。本文件通過提出需求和建議反映了這一點。

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GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2