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2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)(CET?6)真題試卷
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledManand
Computerbycommentingonthesaying,"Therealdangerisnotthatthecomputerwill
begintothinklikeman,butthatmanwillbegintothinklikethecomputer."Youshould
writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
OnMaintainingTrust
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe
questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefour
choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe
informationgiveninthepassage.
Ratesarelow,butconsumerswon'tborrow
TheUSFederalReserve(Fed)'sannouncementlastweekthatitintendedtokeepcreditcheapforat
leasttwomoreyearswasaclearinvitationtoAmericans:Gooutandborrow.
Butmanyeconomistssayitwilltakemorethanlowinterestratestopersuadeconsumerstotakeon
moredebt.Therearealreadysignsthattherecentstockmarketfluctuations,turbulenceinEurope
andtheUSdeficithavescaredconsumers.OnFriday,preliminarydatashowedthattheThomson
Reuters/UniversityofMichiganconsumersentimentindexhadfallenthismonthtolowerthanit
wasinNovember2020,whentheUnitedStateswasdeepinrecession.
Undernormalcircumstances,theFed'sannouncementmighthaveattractednewhomeandcar
buyersandpromptedcreditcardholderstorackupfreshcharges.Butwithunemploymenthighand
thosewithjobsworriedaboutkeepingthem,consumersaremoreconcernedaboutpayingoffthe
loanstheyalreadyhavethanaddingmoredebt.Andbyshowingitshandforthenexttwoyears,the
Fedmayhavethoughtlesslyinvitedprospectiveborrowerstoputofflargepurchases.
Lenders,meanwhile,arestilldealingwiththeeffectsoftheboom-gone-bustandareforcing
prospectiveborrowerstogotoextraordinarylengthstoprovetheircreditworthiness.
*'Idon'tthinklendersaregoingtobeinterestedinextendingalotofdebtinthisenvironment/said
MarkZandi,chiefeconomistofMoody'sAnalytics,amacroeconomicconsultingfirm."NordoI
thinkhouseholdsaregoingtobeinterestedintakingonalotofdebt."
Inhousing,consumershavealreadyshownaslowresponsetolowrates.Applicationsfornew
mortgageshavedecreasedthisyeartoa10-yearlow,accordingtotheMortgageBankers
Association.Salesoffurnitureandfurnishingsremain22%belowtheirpre-recessionpeak,
accordingtoSpendingPulse,aresearchreportbyMasterCardAdvisors.
Creditcardrateshaveactuallygoneupslightlyinthepastyear.Theonebrightspotinlendingisthe
numberofautoloans,whichisupfromlastyear.Butsomeeconomistssaythatconfidenceamong
carbuyersishittingnewlows.
ForXavierWalter,aformermortgagebankerwhowithhiswife,Danielle,accumulated$20000in
creditcarddebt,lowrateswillnotchangehisspendinghabits.
Asthehousingmarkettoppedoutfiveyearsago,helosthissix-figureincome.Heandhiswife
wereabletomodifythemortgageontheirfour-bedroomhouseinMedford,NewJersey,aswellas
negotiatelowercreditcardpayments.
Twoyearsago,Mr.Walter,a34-year-oldfatherofthree,startedanenergybusiness.Hehassworn
offcredit."I'mnotgoingtogobackindebteveragain,1'hesaid.uIfIcan'tpayforitincash,Idon't
wantit."
Untilnow,oneofthebiggestrestraintsonconsumerspendinghasbeenadebtaftereffect.Since
August2020,whenhouseholddebtpeakedat$12.41trillion,ithasdeclinedbyabout$1.2trillion,
accordingtoananalysisbyMoody'sAnalyticsofdatafromtheFederalReserveandEquifax,the
creditagency.Alargeportionofthat,though,wassimplywrittenoffbylendersasborrowers
defaultedonloans.
Byothermeasures,householdshaveimprovedtheirposition.Theproportionofafter-taxincome
thathouseholdsspendtoremaincurrentonloanpaymentshasfallen.
Still,householddebtremainshigh.Thatpresentsaparadox:manyeconomistsarguethatthe
economycannotachievetruehealthuntildebtlevelsdecline.Butcredit,madeattractivebylow
rates,isatime-testedwaytoincreaseconsumerspending.
Withnewrisksofanotherdownturn,economistsworrythatitwilltakeyearsfbrdebttoreturnto
manageablelevels.Iftheeconomycontractsagain,saidGeorgeMagnus,senioradviseratUBS,
then"youcouldfindalotofhouseholdsinadebttrapwhichtheyprobablycannevergetoutof.M
Mortgagelenders,meanwhile,burnedbythehousingcrash,areextracarefulaboutapprovingnew
loans.InJune,fbrinstance,FannieMae,thelargestmortgagebuyerintheUnitedStates,saidthat
borrowerswhoseexistingdebtexceeded45to50%oftheirincomewouldberequiredtohave
stronger''compensating1'factors,whichmightincludehighersavings.
Eventhoseborrowersinstrongfinancialpositionsareaskedtoprovideunusualamountsof
paperwork.BobbyandKatieSmithhaveanextremelygoodcreditrecord,tinystudentdebtanda
combinedsix-figureincome.Forpartoftheirdownpayment,theyplannedtouseabout$5000they
hadreceivedasweddinggiftsinFebruary.
ButthelenderwouldnotacceptthatmoneyunlesstheSmithsprovidedacertifiedletterfromeach
of14guests,statingthatthemoneywasagift,ratherthanaloan.
"Welaughedforagood15or20minutes.'*recalledMr.Smith.34.
Mr.Smith,aprogramdirectorforaradiostationinOrlando,Florida,saidtheyendedupusingother
savingsfortheirdownpaymenttobuya$300000four-bedroomhouseinApril.
ForthosenotascreditworthyastheSmiths,lowratesareirrelevantbecausetheynolongerqualify
fbrmortgages.Thatleavestheeligiblepoolofloanapplicantswealthier,nolderandwhiter,"said
GuyCecala,publisherofInsideMortgageFinance."It'screatingmuchmoreofadivide/'hesaid,
“betweenthehavesandthehave-nots."
Carshopperswiththehighestcreditratingscanalsogetloansmoreeasily,andatlowerrates,said
PaulC.Taylor,chiefeconomistoftheNationalAutomobileDealersAssociation
Duringtherecession,inabilitytoobtaincreditseverelycutautobuyingaslendersrejectedeven
thosewithgoodcreditratings.Nowautomakersareincreasingtheirsubprime(次級(jí)債的)lending
againaswell,butremainhesitanttoapprovelargenumbersofriskycustomers.
Thenumberofnewautoloanswasupby16%inthesecondquartercomparedwiththeprevious
year,saidMelindaZabritski,directorofautomotivecreditatExperian,theinformationservices
company.
Butsomeeconomistswarnthatconsumerconfidenceisfalling.AccordingtoCNWMarketing
Research,confidenceamongthosewhointendtobuyacarthisyearisatitslowestsinceitbegan
collectingdataonthismeasurein2000.
Oncreditcards,rateshaveactuallyinchedhigherthisyear,largelybecauseofnewrulesthatcurb
theissuer'sabilitytochargefeesorraisecertaininterestratesatwill.
Attheendofthesecondquarter,ratesaveraged14.01%onnewcardoffers,upfrom13.75%a
yearearlier,accordingtoMailMonitor,whichtrackscreditcardsfbrSynovate,amarketresearch
firm.AccordingtodatafromtheFederalReserve,totaloutstandingdebtonrevolvingcreditcards
wasdownby4.6%duringthefirsthalfoftheyearcomparedwiththesameperiodayearearlier.
EveniftheFed'sannouncementhelpskeepratessteady,orpushesthemdown,businessesdonot
expectcustomerstosuddenlychargeupastorm.
"It'snotlike,'Oh,creditissocheap,lefsgobacktotheheydays(鼎盛時(shí)期)saidElizabeth
Crowell,whoownsSterlingPlace,twohigh-endhomefurnishingandgiftstoresinNewYork.
"Peoplestillfearfortheirjobs.SoIthinkwheremaybeafterotherrecessionstheymightreturnto
previousspendinghabits,thependulumhasn*tswungbackthesameway.”
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。
1.WhatisthepurposeoftheannouncementissuedbytheUSFederalReservelastweek?
A)Tohelpreducethedebtburdenonconsumers.
B)Toforcethebankstolowertheirinterestrates.
C)Toencourageconsumerstogetmorebankloans.
D)Topreventfurtherfluctuationsinthestockmarket.
2.Whyarepeoplereluctanttotakeonmoredebtdespitethelowinterestrates?
A)Theyareafraidoflosingtheirgoodcreditratings.
B)Theyarepessimisticaboutemploymentprospects.
C)TheyhavelittlefaithintheFed'sfinancialpolicies.
D)TheyexpecttheFedtofurtherlowerinterestrates.
3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlendersinthecurrentcreditmarket?
A)Theyarebecomingmorecautious.
B)Theyareeagertooffermoreloans.
C)Theyadviseprospectiveborrowerstoputofflargepurchases.
D)Theyareonlyconcernedabouthowmuchtheycangetback.
4.WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybycitingXavierWalter'scase?
A)NotmanyAmericanscanaffordtopayincashthesedays.
B)TheFed'spoliciesexertastronginfluenceonborrowers.
C)Peoplenowwon'tbuythingsunlesstheyhavethemoney.
D)ItisbeneficialforAmericanstoborrowintimesofrecession.
5.Whatistheeconomists1concernregardingthecurrenteconomy?
A)Consumers*unwillingnesstospend.C)Theever-loweringinterestrates.
B)Banks*inabilitytorecoverdebt.D)Theunmanageabledebtlevels.
6.WhatdowelearnfromtheSmiths1story?
A)Itisverydifficultforpeopletobuildupagoodcreditrecord.
B)Acertainamountofsavingsisneededforonetobuyahouse.
C)Thepurchaseofahousewillplungeyoungcouplesintoheavydebt.
D)Mortgagelendersarenowcarefulaboutborrowers'qualifications.
7.AccordingtoGuyCecala,thebanks'policyonmortgagelendingwillresultin_.
A)awidergapbetweentherichandthepoor
B)abiggerdownpaymentforhousebuyers
C)ahigherdebtlevelforthelesswealthy
D)agreaterpressureonseniorbuyers
8.Duringtherecession,thenumberofcarbuyersdecreasedbecauseitwasdifficultto.
9.Creditcardinterestrateshavegraduallyincreasedrecentlybecausenewrulesdonotallowthe
issuerstoraisecertaininterestratesor.
10.AccordingtoElizabethCrowell,thecurrentrecession,unlikepreviousones,hasnotseena
swingbackinpeople's.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheend
ofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Both
theconversationandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestionthere
willbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA.),B),
C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.A)Shecancountonthemanforhelp.C)Shecanlendthemanasleepingbag.
B)Shehasotherplansforthisweekend.D)Shehasgotcampinggearfbrrent.
12.A)Themanshouldkeephiswords.C)Karenalwayssupportsheratwork.
B)Sheregretsaskingthemanfbrhelp.D)Karencantakehertotheairport
13.A)Hecan'taffordtogotravelingyet.C)Heusuallycheckshisbrakesbeforeatrip
B)HistriptoHawaiiwasnotenjoyable.D)HistriptoHawaiihasusedupallhismoney.
14.A)Therewasnothingleftexceptsomepie.C)Thewomanisgoingtopreparethedinner.
B)Themanhastofindsomethingelsetoeat.D)Juliehasbeeninvitedfordinner.
15.A)Submitnomorethanthreeletters.C)Applytothreegraduateschools.
B)Presentanewletterofreference.D)SendProfessorSmithaletter.
16.A)Hedeclinestojointhegardeningclub.
B)Heisaprofessionalgardenerintown.
C)Hepreferstokeephisgardeningskillstohimself.
D)Hewishestoreceiveformaltrainingingardening.
17.A)Sculptureisnotatypicalformofmodemart.
B)Modernartcannotexpresspeople'struefeelings.
C)Therecentsculptureexhibitwasnotwellorganized.
D)Manypeopledonotappreciatemodernart.
18.A)Bobdoesnothavemuchchancetowin.C)Bobcannotcountonhervote.
B)Shewillvoteforanothercandidate.D)Sheknowstherightpersonfbrtheposition
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Poormanagementofthehospital.C)Decisionsmadebytheheadtechnician.
B)Thehealthhazardatherworkplace.D)Theoutdatedmedicaltestingprocedures.
20.A)Transferhertoanotherdepartment.C)Cutdownherworkload.
B)RepairtheX-rayequipment.D)Allowhertogoonleavefortwomonths.
21.A)Theyarevirtuallyimpossibletoenforce.C)Bothofthemhavebeensubjecttocriticism.
B)Neitherisapplicabletothewoman'scase.D)Theirrequirementsmaybedifficulttomeet.
22.A)Organizeamassstrike.C)Trytohelphergetitback.
B)Compensateforherloss.D)Findherabetterpayingjob.
Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
23.A)Ingivingconcessions.C)Instatingyourterms.
B)Intheconcludingpart.D)Inthepreparatoryphase.
24.A)Hebehavesinawaycontrarytohisrealintention.
B)Hepresentshisargumentsinastraightforwardway.
C)Herespondsreadilytotheotherparty'sproposals.
D)Heuseslotsofgesturestohelpmakehispointsclear.
25.A)Bothmayfailwhenconfrontingexperiencedrivals.
B)Thehonesttypeismoreeffectivethantheactortype.
C)Bothcansucceeddependingonthespecificsituation.
D)Theactortypeworksbetterintoughnegotiations.
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhear
somequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou
hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),
C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline
throughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
26.A)Theshapeofthecubesused.C)Thenumberoftimesofrepeatingtheprocess.
B)Thesizeoftheobjectsshown.D)Theweightoftheboxesmovingacrossthestage.
27.A)Boysenjoyplayingwithcubesmorethangirls.
B)Girlstendtogetexcitedmoreeasilythanboys.
C)Girlsseemtostartreasoningearlierthanboys.
D)Boyspaymoreattentiontomovingobjectsthangirls.
28.A)Itisabreakthroughinthestudyofthenervesystem.
B)Itmaystimulatescientiststomakefurtherstudies.
C)Itsresulthelpsunderstandbabies'languageability.
D)Itsfindingsarequitecontrarytopreviousresearch.
29.A)Thetwosidesoftheirbraindevelopsimultaneously.C)Theirbonesmatureearlier.
B)Theyarebetterabletoadapttothesurroundings.D)Theytalkatanearlierage.
PassageTwo
Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
30.A)Thenewsecurityplanfbrthemunicipalbuilding.
B)Theblueprintfbrthedevelopmentofthecity.
C)Thecontroversyoverthenewofficeregulations.
D)Thecity'sgeneralbudgetforthecomingyear.
31.A)Whetherthesecuritycheckswerereallynecessary.
B)Howtocopewiththehugecrowdsofvisitorstothemunicipalbuilding
C)Whetherthesecuritycheckswouldcreatelongqueuesatpeakhours.
D)Howtotrainthenewlyrecruitedsecurityguards.
32.A)Irrelevant.B)Straightforward.C)Ridiculous.D)Confrontational.
PassageThree
Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
33.A)HeusedtoworkasaminerinNevada.C)Heconsidershimselfablessedman.
B)Heworkshardtosupporthisfivekids.D)Heoncetaughtatalocalhighschool
34.A)TobenearertoZac'sschool.C)Tocuttheirlivingexpenses.
B)Tolookafterhergrandchildren.D)Tohelpwiththehouseholdchores.
35.A)Skeptical.B)Optimistic.C)Indifferent.D)Realistic.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthe
firsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadfor
thesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withthe
exactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequired
tofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwords
youhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,when
thepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
Mountainclimbingisbecomingpopularsport,butitisalsoa(36)dangerousone.People
canfall;theymayalsobecomeill.Oneofthemostcommondangerstoclimbersisaltitudesickness,
whichcanaffectevenvery(37)climbers.
Altitudesicknessusuallybeginswhenaclimbergoesabove8000or9000feet.Thehigherone
climbs,thelessoxygenthereisintheair.Whenpeopledon'tgetenoughoxygen,theyoftenbegin
to(38)forair.Theymayalsofeel(39)andlight-headed.Besidesthesesymptoms
ofaltitudesickness,otherssuchasheadacheand(40)mayalsooccur.Atheightsofover
1800()feet,peoplemaybeclimbingina(41)daze(恍惚).Thisstateofmindcanhavean
(42)effectontheirjudgment.
Afew(43)canhelpmostclimbersavoidaltitudesickness.Thefirstisnottogotoohigh
toofast.Ifyouclimbto10000feet,stayatthatheightforadayortwo.(44).Orifyoudo
climbhighersooner,comebackdowntoalowerheightwhenyousleep.Also,drinkplentyof
liquidsandavoidtobaccoandalcohol.(45).Youbreathelesswhenyousleep,soyouget
lessoxygen.
Themostimportantwarningisthis:ifyouhaveseveresymptomsandtheydon'tgoaway,godown!
(46).
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Read
thepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthe
fewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.
Questions47to54arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Formanyfamilies,figuringouthowmanyafter-schoolactivitiesaretoomanyisastruggle.For
parentswhofearthey're"over-scheduling"theirchildren,anewstudycarriesacomfortingmessage.
Thepaper,publishedlastweekbytheSocietyforResearchinChildDevelopment,isthefirstto
takeadata-drivenlookattheissue-andwhetherbeingsobusyisreallyabadthing.Thestudy
suggeststhephenomenonismoreisolatedthanmediareportssuggest:infact.40,七of
children(ages5-18)areengagedinnoactivities,typicalkidsspendjustfivehoursaweekin
structuredactivities,andveryfewchildren-3-6%-spend20hoursaweek.Onaverage,mostkids
spendfarmoretimewatchingTVandplayinggames.Andforkidswholeextremelybusy,there's
alsogoodnews:themoreactivitiestheydo,thebetterkidsperformonmeasuresofeducational
achievementandpsychologicaladjustment."Thispopularconcern[aboutover-scheduling]hasbeen
generatedbyacoupleofparentingbooksandthemedia,*'saysYaleprofessorandleadauthor
JosephMahoney.Butlookingatthedata,"it,shardtoarguethatkidsareover-scheduled."
ThatnewswillbewelcomeinhouseholdsliketheOviedos',inHighlandPark,Ill.
Nine-year-oldBiancaspendssixhoursaweekinrhythmic-gymnasticsclassesandthreehoursa
weekatballet,plusahalf-hourpianolesson."Thealternativewouldbeplayingonthecomputeror
watchingTV,"sayshermother,Anca,whobelievesBiancabenefitsbylearningtofocus,making
newfriendsandacquiringnewskills.
Thenewpaperdoesn'tswaysomeexpertswho'veadvocatedagainstactivity-creep.Theysay
kidsarcfarbusier-andoverstressedbyitall-thanthenumberssuggest."Thisisanexampleof
researchersusingbigdatasetstodisputethelivedexperienceofmany,manyparentsandfamilies,"
saysWilliamDoherty,aUniversityofMinnesotafamily-studiesprofessor.Someskepticsquestion
whethertheself-reportedtime-diarydataarereallyaccurate;otherssaytheydon'taccountforall
thetimespentgettingbetweenactivities.AlvinRosenfeld,co-authorofTheOver-ScheduledChild,
says:"Ifpeoplefollowthisadviceanddomoreactivities,Ithinkit'llbeprettydamaging.'*Despite
thedoubters,thenewdataareasmallsteptowardabetterunderstandingofwhat'sbestfbrkids.
Andnomatterwhatthenumbersshow,there'snodisputingthateverychildisdifferent-andsome
willabsolutelydobetterwithless.LisaDulgofSouthLyon,Mich.,feelsasthoughher6-year-old
twinsaretheonlykidsintownwhodon'ttakeskiingandice-skatinglessons."Thereisnothing
wrongwithcuddlingup(依偎)onthecouchwithMomandDad,"saysLisa.Andforfamilieswho
prefertobondonthesidelinesofsoccerfields,thelatestresearchcanprovideadifferentkindof
comfort.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
47Thequestionindisputeinthepassageiswhetherornotchildrenare?
48ItcanbeinferredthatagoodwaytokeepchildrenawayfromTVandvideogamesisto
engagethemin.
49Accordingtothenewstudy,childrenwillacademicallyandpsychologicallyifthey
involvethemselvesinmoreafter-schoolactivities.
50.Thereareskepticswhoraisedoubtsaboutthenewstudy,sayingthatitsdatamaybe.
51.Inspiteofthecontroversy,thenewstudymayhelppeopleseemoreclearly.
SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor
unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and
D).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter
onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Who'spoorinAmerica?That'saquestionhardtoanswer.Hardbecausethere'snoconclusive
definitionofpoverty.Lowincomematters,thoughhowlowisunclear.Povertyisalsoastateof
mindthatfostersself-defeatingbehavior-badworkhabits,familybreakdowns,andaddictions.
Finally,povertyresultsfrombadluck:accidents,joblosses,disability.
Despitepoverty'smessiness,we'vemeasuredprogressagainstitbyasinglestatistic:thefederal
povertyline.Bythismeasure,wehaven'tmademuchprogress.Buttheapparentlackofprogressis
misleadingfortworeasons.
First,itignoresimmigration.Manyimmigrantsarepoorandlow-skilled.Theyaddtothepoor.
From1989to2007,aboutthreequartersoftheincreaseinthepovertypopulationoccurredamong
Hispanics(西班牙裔美國(guó)人)?mosllyimmigrantsandtheirchildren.
Second,thepoor'smaterialwell-beinghasimproved.Theofficialpovertymeasureobscures
thisbycountingonlypre-taxcashincomeandignoringothersourcesofsupport,includingfood
stampsandhousingsubsidies.Althoughmanypoorlivefromhandtomouth,they'veparticipatedin
risinglivingstandards.In2005,91%hadmicrowaves.79%air-conditioning,and48%cellphones.
Theexistingpovertylinecouldbeimprovedbyaddingsomeincomesourcesandsubtracting
someexpenses.Unfortunately,theadministration'sproposalfora'Supplementalpovertymeasure'1
in2020goesbeyondthat.Thenewpovertynumberwouldcompoundpublicconfusion.Italso
raisesquestionsaboutwhetherthestatisticistailoredtofavorapoliticalagenda.The'Supplemental
measure"tiesthepovertythresholdtowhatthepoorestthirdofAmericansspendonfood,housing,
clothing,andutilities.Theactualthresholdwillprobablybehigherthantoday'spovertyline.Many
Americanswouldfindthisweird:peoplegetricher,but"poverty"staysstuck..
Whatproducesthisoutcomeisadifferentviewofpoverty.Thepresentconceptisanabsolute
one:thepovertythresholdreflectstheamountestimatedtomeetbasicneeds.Bycontrast,thenew
measureembracesarelativenotionofpoverty:peopleareautomaticallypoorifthey'reagiven
distancefromthelop,eveniftheirincomesareincreasing.
Thenewindicatorisa"propagandadevice*'topromoteincomeredistributionbyshowingthat
povertyisstubbornorincreasing.TheCensusBureauhasestimatedstatisticssimilartothe
administration'sproposal.In2020,thetraditionalpovertyratewas13.2%;estimatesofthenew
statisticrangeupto17%.Thenewpovertystatisticexceedstheold,andthegapgrowslargerover
time.
AssenatorDanielMoynihansaid,theadministrationisdefiningpovertyup.It'slegitimateto
debatehowmuchweshouldaidthepoororreduceeconomicinequality.Butthedebateshouldnot
beswayedbymisleadingstatisticsthatfewAmericanscouldpossiblyunderstand.Government
statisticsshouldstriveforpoliticalneutrality(中立).Thisonefails.
注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
52.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?
A)Povertyisveryoftendefinedasastateofmind.
B)PovertyisaproblemhardtotackleinAmerica.
C)Badworkhabitsandbadluckleadtopoverty.
D)Thereisnoconsensusontheconceptofpoverty.
53.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepoorinAmerica?
A)Theirlivingstandardshaveactuallyimproved.
B)Mostofthemareimmigrantsandtheirdescendants.
C)Theirchancesofrisingabovethepovertylineareslim.
D)Mostofthemrelyongovernmentsubsidiesforsurvival.
54.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheadministration'sproposalfora^supplementalpoverty
measure"?
A)Itisintendedtofurtherhelpthepoor.C)Itisapositiveresponsetochangedcircumstances.
B)Itismadetoservepoliticalpurposes.D)Itisanattempttocombattheeconomicrecession.
55.Whatischaracteristicofthenewmeasureofpoverty?
A)Itdefinespovertybythegapbetweentherichandthepoor.
B)Itraisesthethresholdforthepoortogetwelfarebenefits.
C)Itismoreaccurateandscientificintermsofstatistics.
D)Ittrulyreflectsthepracticalneedsofthepoor.
56.WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybyquotingDanielMoynihan?
A)Economicequalityisbutanemptydream.
B)Politicalneutralitycanneverbeachieved.
C)
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