2024年人教版高一英語同步講義（必修第三冊）Unit 4 Space Exploration：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（學(xué)案）（解析版）

Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod1ReadingandThinking001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)Ⅰ.單詞認(rèn)讀關(guān)(先填后記誦)基礎(chǔ)詞匯記其形1.回收利用___________________________ 2.肌肉，實力，影響力___________________3.缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4.否則，要不然________________________5.在更遠(yuǎn)處，超出______________________ 6.當(dāng)前的，水流，電流，思潮______________7.足夠的，充足的_____________________ 8.毛巾，抹布__________________________9.紙巾，（細(xì)胞的）組織__________________10.設(shè)施，設(shè)備_________________________【答案】1. recycle2. muscle3. lack4. otherwise5. beyond6. current7. sufficient8. towel9. tissue10. facility11. globe12. argument13. shallow14. pattern15. monitor16. resource17. limited18. regular19. attach20. analysis二、核心詞匯記中變____________adj．有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________n.智力；才智；智慧____________adj．有決心的；意志堅定的→_____________vt.查明；確定；決定→_____________n.決心____________n．（政府的）專門機構(gòu)；服務(wù)機構(gòu)；代理處→_____________n.（企業(yè)、政治等的）代理人，經(jīng)紀(jì)人___________adj.失望的；沮喪的→___________adj.令人失望的→___________vt.使失望→_____________n.失望?________vt.使抑郁;使沮喪_____________adv．獨立地；自立地→_____________adj．獨立的；自立的→____________n.獨立→____________adj.依靠的，依賴的→____________n.信賴，依賴→___________v.依靠；依賴?短語：依賴，依靠：_______/______/______/___________/_______________vt.＆vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號n.信號；標(biāo)志→_________n.跡象；手勢v.簽（名）；打手勢→___________n.簽名,簽字____________vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循環(huán)→_________n.循環(huán);自行車vt.使循環(huán);使輪轉(zhuǎn)vi.騎自行車;循環(huán);輪轉(zhuǎn)___________adj．當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流；思潮→___________adv.現(xiàn)時；目前；當(dāng)前；時下=____________=______________________n．地球；世界；地球儀→____________adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化__________vt．＆vi．論證；爭辯；爭論→_____________n.爭論；爭吵；論點?注意:argue變成名詞需要去____再加_______intelligentadj．有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的(=wise=brilliant=clever=smart)→intelligencen.智力；才智；智慧determinedadj．有決心的；意志堅定的→determinevt.查明；確定；決定→determinationn.決心agencyn．（政府的）專門機構(gòu)；服務(wù)機構(gòu)；代理處→agentn.（企業(yè)、政治等的）代理人，經(jīng)紀(jì)人disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointmentn.失望?depressvt.使抑郁；使沮喪independentlyadv.獨立地;自立地→independentadj.獨立的;自立的→independencen.獨立→dependentadj.依靠的,依賴的→dependencen.信賴,依賴→dependv.依靠;依賴?短語:依賴,依靠：depend/rely/lean/counton/uponsignalvt.＆vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明;發(fā)信號n.信號;標(biāo)志→signn.跡象；手勢v.簽（名）；打手勢→signaturen.簽名,簽字recyclevt．回收利用;再利用→recyclingn.再循環(huán)→cyclen.循環(huán);自行車vt.使循環(huán);使輪轉(zhuǎn)vi.騎自行車;循環(huán);輪轉(zhuǎn)currentadj．當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的n.水流；電流；思潮→currentlyadv.現(xiàn)時；目前；當(dāng)前；時下=recently=latelygloben．地球；世界；地球儀→globaladj．全球的；全世界的→globalizev.使全球化→globalizationn.全球化arguevt．＆vi．論證；爭辯；爭論→argumentn.爭論；爭吵；論點?注意:argue變成名詞需要去e再加ment三、閱讀詞匯識其義1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________1.太陽的；太陽能的2.宇宙；天地萬物3.巨大的；偉大的;巨人；巨獸；偉人4.氧；氧氣5.監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀;監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控6.(政府的)專門機構(gòu)；服務(wù)機構(gòu)；代理處7.傳輸；發(fā)送8.資料；數(shù)據(jù)9.航天器；宇宙飛船10.前的；現(xiàn)在的;水流；電流；思潮11.足夠的；充足的12.設(shè)施；設(shè)備13.模式；圖案；模范14.高端的Ⅱ.語塊記誦關(guān)(先填后記誦)1.最后_____________________________________2.所以，結(jié)果(是)_____________________________________3.在（宇宙飛船/船/飛機）上_____________________________________4.耗盡，用完_____________________________________5.養(yǎng)活他的家人_____________________________________6.弄清楚_____________________________________7.導(dǎo)致，造成_____________________________________8.繼續(xù)做，堅持干_____________________________________9.為了_____________________________________10.太陽系_____________________________________11.相信_____________________________________12.專注于_____________________________________13.各種各樣的_____________________________________14.與某人爭吵_____________________________________15.成功做……_____________________________________16.提供生活所需_____________________________________17.在……方面取得進步_____________________________________18.抱著……的希望_____________________________________答案：1.inclosing

2.asaresult/consequently/inconsequence3.onboard

4.runout/usevidefor/supporthisfamily6.figureout

7.resultin/leadto/bringabout8.carryon/keepon/continue

9.soastodosth/inordertodosth10.solarsystem11.believein12.focuson13.allkindsof/avarietyof14.argue/quarrelwithsb15.succeedindoingvideforsb17.makeprogressin18.inthehopeofdoingsthⅢ.佳句賞析關(guān)(先賞后譯).[教材原文]...YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.【難句剖析】句中的togointospace是不定式短語作后置定語，修飾thefirstperson。句型Sb./Sth.be/becomethefirst...todo...意為“某人/某物是第一個做……的……”?！痉g】……尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。[教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.【難句剖析】make+賓語+賓語補足語【翻譯】這些災(zāi)難使人倍感傷心與失望，但是探索宇宙的渴望永不磨滅。002語篇理解Step1Pre-readingBeforeyoureadthepassage，lookatthetitleandthephotos，thendiscussthesequestions.Predict:SPACE：THEFINALFRONTIERFrontier：(1)__________，whichmightmeanhuman’s(2)_____________________________________.Chinesemeaning：(3)___________________Fromthetitleandthephotos,wecanknowthatthetextmightbeabout(4)_________________________________.Soitmaybea(n)(5)________________________.【答案】(1)_theborder；(2)_recognitionedgeorexplorationedge；(3)_太空：最后的邊境；(4)thedevelopmentofspaceexploration；(5)popularsciencearticleStep2While-readingTask1:Fastreading1).Severalsentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.Readthesentencesandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Thenreadthetextandchoosethecorrectsentence(A~D)tofilleachgap.A.Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.B.Theyalsoreallywishtodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.C.Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.D.Aftermanyexperiments,theysucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity.【答案】BDACSummarizethemainideawitheachparagraph.Para1:_________________________________________________________________________Para2:_________________________________________________________________________Para3:_________________________________________________________________________Para4:_________________________________________________________________________Para5:_________________________________________________________________________【答案】Para1:People’sdesiretolearnmoreaboutspace.Para2:TheachievementsthattheUSSRandAmericanmade..Para3:Humanscontinuespaceexplorationdespitethehugerisk.Para4:Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceexploration..Para15:Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright..Task2:IntensivereadingReadpara.1anddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatdopeoplewanttodowhenlookingupatthestars?_________________________________________________________________________(2)Whydoscientistsmakevehicles?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)Theywanttolearnmoreaboutspace.(2)Tocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.2.Choosetherighteventtocompletethetimeline.A.

AmericanVoyager1waslaunchedtostudydeepspaceanditstilltransmitsdatatoday.B.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.C.Chinahasmadeprogress,suchassendingpeopleintospaceandvehiclesontothemoonandcompletingtheChinesespacewalk.D.

TheSputnik1satellitelaunchedbytheUSSRsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.E.Europe,theUS,andChinaplantoexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.F.Mostpeoplethoughtitwasimpossibletotravelintospace.G.AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon.【答案】Readpara.3andanswerthequestions.(1)Whydidthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdie?_________________________________________________________________________(2)WhatdoestheinternationalSpaceStationdo?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】(1)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexploration.(2)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.4.Readpara.4anddothematch.Vehicles Missions1.Shenzhou52.Shenzhou63.Shenzhou74.JadeRabbit5.Tiangong26.Tianzhou17.Chang'e4 A.Studiedthesurfaceofthemoon.B.Furtheredtheestablishmentofaspacestation.C.Completedasecondmannedorbit.D.Exploredthesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon.E.Independentlysenthumansintospace.F.CompletedthefirstChinesespacewalk.G.DockedwithTiangong2.【答案】ECFABGD5.Readpara.5andchoosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatattitudedoyouthinktheauthorholdstothefutureofspaceexploration?A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposed【答案】AStep3Post-readingWhatdoesthetitle“Space:TheFinalFrontier”meantoyou?Shareyourideaswiththewholeclass._________________________________________________________________________【答案】WhileIsupportspaceexploration,Idon’tthinkspaceisthefinalfrontierjustyet.ThereisstillmuchtolearnabouttheEarth,andweareonlyattheverybeginningofnewtechnologicalbreakthroughsinvolvinginformationtechnologyandAI.Therearemanyscientificandtechnologicalfrontiersallaroundus.Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofspaceexploration?_________________________________________________________________________【答案】☆Benefitsofspaceexploration:Spaceexplorationcanhelppeoplebetterunderstandtheuniverse.Spaceexplorationcanuncovertheunknownresourcesoftheuniverse.Spaceexplorationcanprovideaplatformfornationstocooperate.Thespacetechnologyplaysanindispensableroleinourdailylife,suchascommunicationandtransportationtechnology.☆Drawbacksofspaceexploration:Spaceexplorationisbothriskyandexpensive.Spaceexplorationimplieshighlevelsofwaste.Spaceexplorationcancausementalproblemsforastronauts.003語言學(xué)習(xí)Part1核心詞匯1.【詞匯拓展】_________adj.有決心的；堅決的→_________n.決心答案：determined，determination【常用搭配】determinetodosth.決定做某事(強調(diào)動作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.就(做)某事做出決定bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事(強調(diào)狀態(tài))determinethat...決定……【即學(xué)即練】1.Nomatterwhathappens,shehasdetermined_________(tell)thetruth.2.Iamdetermined_________(make)useofmysparetimetodoexercise.3._______(determine)tolookafterhisparentswell,hemovedtolivewiththem.4.Ihavedeterminedon______(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.5.我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村支教。I_____________________________avolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.答案：1.totell2.tomake3.Determined4.going5.havedeterminedon/uponworkingas2.【詞匯拓展】_________vt.使失望;使沮喪;使(希望、計劃等)落空;挫敗→_________adj.失望的；沮喪的→_________adj.令人失望的；掃興的→_________n.(不可數(shù))失望;挫折答案：disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,disappointment【常用搭配】(be)disappointedat/about/with對……感到失望(be)disappointedtodosth對做某事感到失望(be)disappointedthat從句對……感到失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是【即學(xué)即練】1.Hewas______________(disappoint)thatotherguestswerenotcoming.2.I'mreallydisappointed____________you,Tom.3.Iwasdisappointed___________notfindingherathome.4.Hewasdisappointed_______(learn)thathisapplicationwasrefused.5.他沒有通過考試，這個令人掃興的消息讓我們感到非常失望。Thedisappointingnewsthathefailedtheexam______________________.6.讓我們非常失望的是,這次旅行天天下雨。__________________________,itrainedeverydayduringthetrip.答案：1.disappointed2.with/in3.at4.tolearn5.madeusverydisappointed6.Toourgreatdisappointment3.【詞匯拓展】_________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→_________adj.想要的；可取的；值得擁有的答案：desire,desirable【常用搭配】haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想要做某事haveastrongdesireforsth.急于想得到某物desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……【知識拓展】desire不用于進行時態(tài)。意為“期望”時，后接賓語從句，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣?！炯磳W(xué)即練】1.Ihadastrongdesire______(reach)inandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.2.It'sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.3.Wealwaysdesire_________(live)inpeacewithourneighbours.4.Wedesirethatimmediatehelp________(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.答案：1.toreach2.that3.tolive4.(should)begiven4.【詞匯拓展】_________adj.依靠的，依賴的→_________n.獨立；自主→_________adv.獨立地；自立地答案：dependent,independence,independently【常用搭配】beindependentof獨立于；不受……約束gainindependence(from)(脫離……)獲得獨立bedependenton依靠，依賴dependon(＝relyon)依靠，依賴【即學(xué)即練】1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlived________________(independent).2.警方應(yīng)該不受政府的直接控制。Thepoliceforce________________________directgovernmentcontrol.3.這個國家在1960年完全獨立于英國，當(dāng)時人們無法掩飾他們的激動之情。Thecountry____________________Britainin1960，whenpeoplecouldn'thidetheirexcitement.4.航班什么時候起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff___________________.答案：1.independently2.shouldbeindependentof3.gainedfullindependencefrom4.dependsmuchontheweather5.signalvt.&vi.標(biāo)志著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號n．信號；標(biāo)志【常用搭配】asignalforsbtodosth一個讓某人做某事的信號signaltosbtodosth向某人示意做某事signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意……signal...tosb.向某人示意……trafficsignals交通信號燈【即學(xué)即練】1.She_________(signal)thatshewasabouttoturnleft.2.Mymotherissignallingtome_______(remove)thetable.3.當(dāng)我把手指放在嘴唇上時，那是讓你們安靜的信號。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,________________________.4.警察向來往車輛打信號，示意緩慢前行。Thepolice_______________________moveforwardslowly.答案：1.signalled2.toremove3.it'sasignalforyoutobequiet4.signaledthetrafficto6.【詞匯拓展】_________n．缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏→_________adj.短缺的；缺乏的答案：lack，lacking【常用搭配】lacksth.缺少某物alackof...……的缺乏forlackof...因缺乏……h(huán)avenolackof...不缺乏……belackingin缺乏；缺少【即學(xué)即練】1.缺乏鍛煉讓你身體虛弱，容易遭受疾病的侵襲。_______________________exerciseleavesyourbodywearandeasilyaffectedbydisease.2.因為缺乏空間，在大城市里越來越多的高樓大廈已經(jīng)被建造。Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltitbigcities____________________space. 3.吉姆的真正問題是他缺乏自信。Jim'srealproblemisthathe_________________________.4.缺少知識的處境比黑夜更黑暗。_________________________isdarkerthannight.答案：1.Alackof/Lackof2.forlackof3.lacksconfidence4.Lackofknowledgedisappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→_______________adj.令人失望的→_______________vt.使失望→_________________n.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心涼；心寒【即學(xué)即練】Iwasvery_____________(disappoint)withmyself.我對自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwas_____________(disappoint).這部書的結(jié)尾令人失望。Ihate______________(disappoint)you,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你掃興，但我確實不感興趣。Toourgreat_________________(disappoint),itrainedeverydayofthetrip.這次旅行天天下雨，讓我們大失所望?！敬鸢浮縟isappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望→disappointmentn.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心涼；心寒Iwasverydisappointedwithmyself.我對自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwasdisappointing.這部書的結(jié)尾令人失望。Ihatetodisappointyou,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你掃興，但我確實不感興趣。Toourgreatdisappointment,itrainedeverydayofthetrip.這次旅行天天下雨，讓我們大失所望。keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的→_________adv.敏銳地；強烈地；銳利地bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenforsb.todosth.極力要求某人做某事bekeenon(doing)sth.喜歡/熱衷于（做）某事bekeenonsb.喜愛某人Frenchmen______________art.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法國人崇尚藝術(shù)，他們一定喜歡藝術(shù)性強的禮品吧They'll_______________enhancetheirreputationabroad.他們會非?？释岣咚麄冊趪獾穆曌u。Parentsarealwayskeen______theirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母總是渴望子女出人頭地，這讓孩子壓力很大。_______________learning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.樂于學(xué)習(xí)，善于溝通，敢于承擔(dān)，勇于創(chuàng)新。Sheremained___________(keen)interestedininternationalaffairs.她一直對國際事務(wù)有強烈的興趣?！敬鸢浮縁renchmenarekeenonart.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法國人崇尚藝術(shù)，他們一定喜歡藝術(shù)性強的禮品吧They'llbekeentoenhancetheirreputationabroad.他們會非?？释岣咚麄冊趪獾穆曌u。Parentsarealwayskeenfortheirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母總是渴望子女出人頭地，這讓孩子壓力很大。Bekeenonlearning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.樂于學(xué)習(xí)，善于溝通，敢于承擔(dān)，勇于創(chuàng)新。Sheremainedkeenlyinterestedininternationalaffairs.她一直對國際事務(wù)有強烈的興趣。Part2核心句型(教材P40)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后來，蘇聯(lián)集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。(1)當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級等修飾時或前有thenext、theonly、thelast等時，常用不定式作后置定語；(2)動詞不定式作定語用來修飾的詞多是抽象名詞，常見的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[佳句背誦]BeijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGames.北京成為第一個同時舉辦夏季和冬季奧運會的城市。[練會]——單句語法填空①Mymotheristhefirstwomaninhervillagetoreceive(receive)higheducation.②AsfarasIknow，Amywastheonlypersontowitness(witness)thecaraccident.③It'ssaidthatshehastheabilitytodo(do)thechallengingworkwell.[寫美]——完成句子④她是一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人，也是第一個海外粉絲突破千萬的中國視頻博主(vlogger)。Sheisanonlinecelebrity，whoisalsothefirstChinesevloggertohavemorethan10millionfansoverseas.(教材P42)Forexample,usingcurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.例如，使用當(dāng)前的技術(shù)，到達(dá)最近的行星——火星，之后再返回將需要花費兩年多的時間。Ittakes...todosth.做某事需要……spendsometime(in)doingsth.花費時間做某事[佳句背誦](1)However,ittookmeseveraldaystoadjusttothelifeofthemountainvillage.然而，我花了好幾天的時間來適應(yīng)這個山村的生活。(2)Engineersspentmuchtimeandenergydevelopingbrilliantsolutions.工程師們花費很多時間和精力來開發(fā)完美的解決方案。[練會]——單句語法填空①Ittookhimalongtimetoacquire(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.②Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisiting(visit)thepoor.[寫美]——完成句子③說實話，說出真相需要很大的勇氣。Tobehonest,ittakesgreatcouragetotellthetruth.004隨堂小練Part1動詞的形式變化和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換Witha(determine)look,shemovedforward,openingthedoorandsteppinginside.【答案】determined【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：她帶著堅定的神情向前走去，打開門，走了進去。由空后look為名詞可知，此處為形容詞determined“堅定的”作定語修飾改名詞，滿足句意要求。故填determined。(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.【答案】Disappointed【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：由于數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格，約翰很失望，不想跟他的父母談?wù)撨@件事?？崭裉幮揎桱ohn應(yīng)用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞disappointed作狀語，表示人的感覺，意為“感到失望的”，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Disappointed。3．Peoplesaythat18marksanewchapterinourlives,andthatweshouldbecomemore(dependence).【答案】independent【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：人們說，18歲意味著我們生活中的新篇章，我們應(yīng)該變得更加獨立。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“獨立的”，故應(yīng)用形容詞independent作表語，故填independent。4．Weheadedtothegirl,(signal)toherthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign.【答案】signaling/signalling【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們走向那個女孩，示意她可以參加我們的活動。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，signal與邏輯主語we構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作狀語。故填signaling或signalling。5．Havingtheopportunitytoworkwouldmakeretirementmore(intelligent)formanyseniorcitizens.【答案】intelligent【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：對許多老年人來說，擁有工作的機會會使退休生活更加明智。make+名詞+形容詞“使得某事......”，intelligent的比較級為moreintelligent。故填intelligent。6．It’sabadloss,butIwas(mental)tough.【答案】mentally【詳解】考查副詞。句意：這是一個很大的損失，但我精神上很堅強。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)填副詞作狀語修飾空處后形容詞，結(jié)合語意可知，此處意為“精神上地”，應(yīng)用副詞mentally。故填mentally。7．Itisfortunatethathehasbeenchosen(represent)ourschooltocompetewithotherstudentsinthecontest.【答案】torepresent【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：幸運的是，他被選中代表我們學(xué)校參加比賽。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語，bechosentodosth“被選中做某事”，故填torepresent。8．Suchwarnings(keep)awayfromfireshouldbetakenseriously.【答案】tokeep【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這種遠(yuǎn)離火災(zāi)的警告應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待。分析句子，句中shouldbetaken為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語動詞，此處使用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語。故填tokeep。9．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone(get)up.【答案】toget【詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：在我家里，我媽媽總是第一個起床。thefirstone后接動詞不定式作定語。故填toget。10．Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecided(launch)theirnewproducts.【答案】tolaunch【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這家公司研究了市場需求，決定推出他們的新產(chǎn)品。decidetodosth.決定做某事，空處需填動詞不定式作賓語。故填tolaunch。Part2課文語法填空Peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace.Beforethemid--20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt1.__________(travel)intospacewasanimpossibledream.However,2.____thehelpofscientists，peoplesucceededinrealisingtheirdream3.__________(explore)space.On4October1957，theSputnik1satellite4.____________(launch)bytheUSSR.5.________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong，accidentscanstillhappen.Thesedisastersmadeeveryone6.____________(disappoint)，butpeoplestillbelieveintheimportanceof7.________(carry)onspaceexploration.In2003，Chinabecamethethirdcountryto8._____________(independent)sendhumansintospace.ThenShenzhou6and7completed9.___secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk.Inspiteofthedifficulties，scientistshopefuture10.___________(discovery)willnotonlyenableustounderstandtheuniversebutalsohelpussurvivewellintothelingwithtoexplorewaslaunchedAlthoughDisappointedcarryingindependentlyadiscoveries005培優(yōu)提升閱讀理解AAlongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.ArecentstudypublishedinthescientificjournalNatureAstronomyconcluded“thatcurrentpracticeshavea10percentchanceofoneormoredeathsoveradecade”.Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.Thespacejunkorbitingtheearthisanunfortunateby-productofourdesiretoexploreanddocumentspace.Accordingto2021figuresfromNASAandtheDepartmentofDefense’sSpaceSurveillanceData,theagencieswereactivelytrackingmorethan27,000piecesofspacejunk,mostofwhicharelargerthanasoftballandthatcasuallyorbittheplanet.Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.Butsometimesthoseobjects,particularlylargeoneslikeusedrocketattachments,giveintogravityandfallbackdowntoEarthtobedealtwithonceagainbytheirhumanmakers.Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.Theyalsohavetodealwiththeunsettlingfeelingofknowingthatlargerocketpiecescanjustfallfromtheskyandthatitmightaffectpeopleincertainpartsoftheworldmorethanothers.Thisposesanobvioussafetyrisktopeopleontheground.“WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.1．WhatistheconclusionofthestudypublishedinNatureAstronomy?A．Peoplewillseespacejunkeasilyinthefuture.B．Governmentagenciesandprivateindustrieswilldevelopfast.C．Somepeoplemaybehittodeathbyobjectsfromthespace.D．Therewillbea10percentchanceforhumantodiein10years.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Normallyweshouldnotworryaboutspacejunk.B．Thelargespacejunkwillpollutetheocean.C．Thefloatingspacejunkwillcomedownfinally.D．Thespacejunkwillgetburntinthesky.3．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingpartofthetext?A．Howtofindspacejunk.B．Howtodealwithspacejunk.C．Howtoinformpeopleofthedanger.D．Howtoavoidthedangerofspacejunk.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．SpaceJunkCausesPollutionB．HowtoTakeBackSpaceJunkC．ExploringSpaceTakesinUnfortunateResultsD．SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRisk【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講述了隨著政府機構(gòu)和私營企業(yè)進行越來越多的太空任務(wù)，地球面臨著一個新的問題：潛在的危險太空碎片。一項最近發(fā)表在科學(xué)期刊《自然天文學(xué)》上的研究得出結(jié)論，目前的做法在未來十年內(nèi)有10%的幾率造成一人或多人死亡。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.(換句話說，根據(jù)維多利亞大學(xué)和英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究人員的研究，在未來十年里，大約有十分之一的機會看到太空垃圾墜落致死。)”可知，有些人可能會被來自太空的物體砸死。故選C。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.(雖然漂浮的太空垃圾確實是個問題，但并非所有上升的物體都必須下降，事實上，一些碎片只是在大氣中燃燒。)”以及“Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.(通常情況下，人們不會死于這種現(xiàn)象，甚至不會受傷——許多墜落的碎片會墜入海洋。)”可知，雖然太空漂浮垃圾是個問題，但是很多碎片在大氣中燃燒了，或者在通常情況，即使有許多太空垃圾碎片墜落，但都墜入了海洋。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.(“當(dāng)一些大塊的太空垃圾返回地球時，它們的質(zhì)量部分在大氣層的高溫下幸存下來。許多幸存的碎片都有潛在的危險，對陸地、海上和飛機上的人都有嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)險，”研究解釋說。)”可知，最后一段中指出當(dāng)一些大塊的太空垃圾返回地球時，它們的質(zhì)量部分在大氣層的高溫下幸存下來，由此對陸地、海上和飛機上的人都有嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)險。由此推測下文應(yīng)該闡述的是如何處理這些太空垃圾。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Alongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.(隨著政府機構(gòu)和私營企業(yè)越來越多的太空任務(wù)，給地球帶來了一系列新的問題：潛在的危險太空垃圾。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要講述的是隨著政府機構(gòu)和私營企業(yè)進行越來越多的太空任務(wù)，地球面臨著一個新的問題：潛在的危險太空碎片。一項最近發(fā)表在科學(xué)期刊《自然天文學(xué)》上的研究得出結(jié)論，目前的做法在未來十年內(nèi)有10%的幾率造成一人或多人死亡。D選項“SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRisk(太空垃圾使人類處于危險之中)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選D。BAstronautstravelinginspacemeetformsofradiation(輻射)thatareuncommononEarth.Someofthisradiationhasbeenshowntobeharmfultohumanhealth.Itislinkedtocancersandheartproblems.YetanewAmericanstudysuggeststheradiationdoesnotshortenastronauts’lives.Researchersstudiednearly60yearsofhealthrecordsandotherdataaboutmaleastronautsfromtheUnitedStates.Theythencomparedthisdatawithinformationaboutagroupofmenwhoareingoodhealth,richerthanmostAmericansandreceivegoodhealthcare—professionalathletes.Thestudyfoundthatneithergrouphashigherratesofdyingatayoungage.Infact,bothgroupsgenerallylivelongerthanotherAmericans.Astronautsareusuallywell-educated,earnmoremoneyandareinbetterphysicalconditionsthantheaverageAmericans.Someearlierresearchhaslinkedbeinganastronauttoalowerriskofearlydeath,theresearchersnoted.ThefindingswerereportedinthemedicaljournalOccupational&EnvironmentalMedicine.Muchoftheexistingresearchonmortalityrates(死亡率)inastronautshasnotyetexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofthisjob.Therealsohasnotbeenalotofresearchonwhetherastronautsshowwhatisknownasthe“healthyworkereffect”.Thiseffectleadspeoplewithemploymentofanykindtohavefewermedicalproblemsthanpeoplewhoareunabletowork