環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)英語教學(xué)英文科技論文結(jié)構(gòu)與表達(dá)技巧省公開課金獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

EnglishScientificPaperPart1:TheformationofapaperPart2:ThedescriptionforeachsectionPart3:WritingscientificEnglish–somehints9/24/202411/58Part1:Theformationofapaper(foraresearchpaper)Section1:

Title（題目）Section2:

Authors（作者）Section3:

Abstract（摘要）Section4:

Keywords（關(guān)鍵詞）Section5:

Introduction（引言）Section6:

MaterialsandMethods（材料與方法）Section7:

Results（結(jié)果）Section8:

Discussion（討論）Section9:

Acknowledgements（致謝）Section10:

References（參考文件）9/24/202422/58SamplePaper(astandardresearchpaper)題目作者地址收稿與接收時(shí)間9/24/202433/58摘要關(guān)鍵詞9/24/202444/58電子文件數(shù)據(jù)庫中論文提要9/24/202455/589/24/202466/589/24/202477/589/24/202488/589/24/202499/589/24/20241010/589/24/20241111/58Part2:ThedescriptionforeachsectionSection1:TitleRequirements:concise,striking,reflectionofthepapercore,ifnecessary,subheadingmightbeadded.?Checkstylesinthejournal,usingsomepublishedpapersasexamples.Someoptions:A.‘Descriptions’,e.g.‘EstimationofphosphorusfertilizerrequirementsofwheatinsouthernAustralia’.Descriptionstobeavoided:‘Effectsof….’e.g.‘Effectsofappliedcalciumonsalinitytoleranceofwheat’-very‘general’&giveslittleinformation!B.‘Statements’,e.g.‘Appliedcalciumcanimprovesalinitytoleranceoffield-grownwheat’.9/24/20241212/58C.Two-partdescriptionsorstatements,e.g.‘Ectomycorrhizas(內(nèi)生菌根)oftheMyrtaceae:fungalfruit-bodyproductioninforestplantationsinsouthernChina’.Tobeavoided:‘EctomycorrhizasoftheMyrtaceae.1:Fungalfruit-bodyproduction’…etc[Part2mayneverappear]D.‘Questions’,e.g.‘Doesappliedcalciumimprovesalinitytoleranceoffield-grownwheat?’[Canbeusedifpreviousliteratureisinconclusiveorcontroversial]9/24/20241313/58NotesforTitle:1Itshouldcoverthemainaimsand/ormessage2Itshouldappealtoyouraudience3Itshouldnotbetoolong,cannotexceedacertainnumberofcharacters4Avoidtitleswithanumberedsubtitle

9/24/20241414/58Section2:AuthorsSingleauthororcoauthorDetailedcommunicationaddressforallauthor:fromsmalltolarge:e.g.CollegeofBiologyandEnvironmentalScience,JishouUniversity,Jishou,416000Hunan,PRChina.Labeledasletter‘a(chǎn),b,c,…’forauthorsfromdifferentorganizationsCorrespondingauthor:labeledasasterisk‘*’Ifyouhavemoved,alsoadd“presentaddress”9/24/20241515/58Whatistheorderoftheauthorsofyourpaper?Thepersonwhodidtheworkandwrotethemanuscriptshouldbefirst(=senior)author

CorrespondingauthoristheonethatwillbethecontactforthejournalandcorrespondencethatmayfollowafterpublicationSeniorauthor

andcorrespondingauthorcanbethesameTheresearch-teamleaderappearsasthelastauthor9/24/20241616/58Section3:AbstractTheabstractisactuallythefirstsectionofareportorpaper,comingafterthetitleandbeforetheintroduction.Theabstractisadistillationofapaper,itaimstobrieflyelucidatethestudypurpose,experimentalmethodsandresults,andtodrawaconclusionorgivesomehypothesisandrecommendations.Inaword,theabstractprovidesthereaderwithabriefpreview(簡(jiǎn)短預(yù)覽)ofyourstudy.Abstractsfromalmostallfieldsofstudyarewritteninaverysimilarway.Thetypesofinformationincludedandtheirorderareveryconventional.9/24/20241717/58SomebackgroundinformationThepurposeoractivityofyourstudyThemethodologyusedTheprincipalresultsConclusionorrecommendationorhypothesisOrderofTypicalElementsIncludedinanAbstract9/24/20241818/58NotesforAbstract:1Checkthestylerequiredbythejournal2Abstractsareusuallywrittentobeasbriefandconciseaspossible.Forjournalarticlestheeditoroftenestablishesawordlimitfortheabstractthatauthorscannotexceed.Inordertoshortenanabstracttosatisfysuchlimitations,youcaneliminateorcombinemuchoftheinformationshowninthepreviousbox.3Donotusereferencesinthispart9/24/20241919/58NotesforAbstract:4Thereducedabstracttypicallyfocusesononlytwoorthreeelements,withtheemphasisplacedontheresultsofthestudy.Informationconcerningthepurposeandmethodispresentedfirst(backgroundinformationisnotincluded).5Thenthemostimportantresultsaresummarized.Finally,conclusionsandrecommendationsmaybeincludedinoneortwosentences.6Theverbtensesusedintheabstractshouldbethepasttense,exceptfortheconclusioninwhichthepresentorpasttensecanbeused.9/24/20242020/58SampleAbstractResource:CeciliaBergetal.,Theavianeggasatestsystemforendocrinedisrupters:effectsofdiethylstilbestrol(Des,二乙基已烯雌酚)andethynylestradiol(EE2,乙炔基雌二醇)onsexorgandevelopment.TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1999,233,57-66.9/24/20242121/58Section4:Keywords

—Itmayincludeexperimentalsubjects,andprincipaltermsofmeasurements.Requirements:1Choosealimitednumberofkeywordsthatadequatelycoveryourresearch,usuallyabout5,canbeaddedafteryouhavewrittenthepaper2Noneedtorepeatwordsorphrasesinthetitle,unlessyouliketobeabsolutely‘safe’[computersearchenginesshouldfindkeywordsintitles]9/24/20242222/583Keywordsmustbeuseful,soavoidgeneralwordsorphrases:e.g.‘plantnutrition’isbetterthanjust‘nutrition’,‘soilpollution’isbetterthanjust‘pollution’…etc4Youcangiveinformationnotintitles,sofplantsstudied,additionalmineralelementsmeasured,evenlocationsofsurveys5Imagineyourselfdoingasearchforinformationaboutthefieldofyourpaper:areyourkeywordshelpful?6Arrangealphabetically9/24/20242323/58Section5:IntroductionTheIntroductionservesasanorientationforreadersofthereportorpaper,givingthemtheperspectivetheyneedtounderstandthedetailedinformationcominginlatersections.Itmainlyincludesthestudystatusandsomeunsolvedproblems,thestudypurpose,andtheneededexperimentalmethodology.TheIntroductioncanbedividedintofivepartsorstages:InStageI,theauthorestablishesacontext(背景),orframeofreference,tohelpreadersunderstandhowtheresearchfitsintoawiderfieldofstudy.InStageIofyourIntroductionyouestablishasettingforyourresearchtopic.9/24/20242424/58Section5:IntroductionInStageII,youreviewthefindingsofotherresearcherswhohavealreadypublishedinyourareaofinterest.Forthisreason,StageIIisoftencalledthereviewofliterature.Thereviewofliteratureservesthreeimportantfunctions.First,itcontinuestheprocessstartedinStageIofgivingyourreadersbackgroundinformationneededtounderstandyourstudy.Second,itassureyourreadersthatyouarefamiliarwiththeimportantresearchthathasbeencarriedoutinyourarea.Third,itestablishesyourstudyasonelinkinachainofresearchthatisdevelopingandenlargingknowledgeinyourfield.9/24/20242525/58Section5:IntroductionInStageIII,IVandV,Afteryouhavepresentedacontextualsettinganddiscussedthepreviousworkofotherresearchers,youusethefinalpartoftheIntroductiontofocustheattentionofthereaderonthespecificresearchproblemyouwillbedealingwithinthebodyofyourreportorpaper,andproposethehypothesisyouwanttotestinthestudy.Thisisdoneinthreeadditionalstages,whichwedesignateasIII,IVandV.StageIIIindicatesanareathatisnottreatedinthepreviousliterature,butthatisimportantfromthepointofviewofyourownwork;StageIVformallyannouncesthepurposeandhypothesisofyourresearch;andStageVindicatespossiblebenefitsorapplicationsofyourwork.9/24/20242626/58NotesforIntroduction:1Thefirstsentenceisimportanttoattracttheeditor,reviewersandreaders[anditisthemostdifficulttowrite]2Itmust‘setthescene’–i.e.thecontextofthepaperandthe‘questionsbeingasked’3Itdependsonthechosenjournal:specialistormoregeneral;e.g. 9/24/20242727/58‘Mycorrhizas(菌根)colonizethevastmajorityofplantsworldwideandareimportantintransferringphosphateandothernutrientstoplants.Arbuscularmycorrhizasarethemostcommontype(Smith&Read1997).However,theroleofmycorrhizasinthetransferofothernutrientsisnotwellestablished,andthisisespeciallythecasefortoxicsoilelementssuchascadmium.Cadmiumpollutionofsoilsisanincreasingprobleminmanycountries,includingChina.Thefirsttwosentencesarenotneededforthespecialistjournal‘Mycorrhiza’.Thepapercanstart:‘Theroleofmycorrhizasintransfertoplantsofsoilnutrientsotherthanphosphorusisnot…’etc.9/24/20242828/58NotesforIntroduction:4Forajournalspecializinginenvironmentalpollution,thepapermightstart: ‘Cadmiumpollutionofsoilsisanincreasingprobleminmanycountries,includingChina.Manyoftheplantsbothinnaturalandmanagedecosystemsarecolonizedbymycorrhizalfungithattransferarangeofmineralnutrientstotheirhosts.Itisnotyetwellestablishedifcadmiumaffectsmycorrhizalcolonization,oristransportedviamycorrhizas.’…etc. AlwayswritetheIntroductionbearinginmindtheresearchspeciality(expertise)ofthereaders 9/24/20242929/58NotesforIntroduction:5TheIntroductionproceedstoreviewbrieflyinformationrelevanttoyourpaper,highlightinganygaps,uncertaintiesorinconsistenciesinpreviousresearch.6Itmustendwithabriefstatementgivingtheaimsoftheresearch,e.g.including(inanexperimentalstudy)plantspeciesused,importanttechniquesetc,or(inafieldsurvey),thelocation,typeofsurvey,andwhyitwasdone.9/24/20243030/58NotesforIntroduction:7WhenyouhavewrittenthewholepapergobacktotheIntroduction,andcheckthatitdoesleadintotherestofthepaper.8Especially:re-readthefirstsentence:isitstillreallynecessary?Canyouthinkofabetteronetosetthescene? 9/24/20243131/58Section6:MaterialsandMethodsAftertheIntroduction,thesecondmajorsectionoftheexperimentalresearchreportorpaper,oftenlabeledMethods,describesthestepsyoufollowedinconductingyourstudyandtheMaterialsyouusedateachstep.MethodsThemethodsectionisusefultoreaderswhowanttoknowhowthemethodologyofyourstudymayhaveinfluencedyourresults,orwhoareinterestedinreplicatingorextendingyourstudy.Themainpartofthemethodsectionisadescriptionoftheproceduralstepsusedinyourstudyandthematerialsemployedateachstep.However,otherelementsarecommonlydescribedinthissectionaswell.9/24/20243232/58InformationElementsIncludedInMethods-Experimentaldesign-Population/Sample-Location-Restrictions/LimitingConditions-SamplingTechnique-Procedures-Materials-Variables-StatisticalTreatment9/24/20243333/58MaterialsAlthoughthesecondmajorsectionoftheexperimentalresearchreportorpaperisoftencalled“Methods",itissometimestitled“MaterialsandMethods”.Thiscombinedtitleindicatesthatresearchersgenerallydescribethesetwoaspectstogetherwhentheywriteuptheirresearch.Thatis,theysimultaneouslydescribeanyequipmentorothermaterialstheyusedwitheachstepintheirprocedure.Themostimportantaspectofthe‘MaterialsandMethods’isthattheyshouldbedetailedinsuchawaythatotherpeopleareabletoreplicateyourstudyexactlyasyoudid.9/24/20243434/58NotesforMaterialsandMethods:1Mustallowthereaderto1)understandwhatyoudid,and2)repeatitexactly,usingthesamemethods.2Explainsdetailsthatmaybeunfamiliar(e.g.soiltypes&source;analyticalmethods,locationsoffield-work).3Explainsreplication&alsosamplingmethods(e.g.infieldsurveys)4Tablesmaybehelpfultosummarizecomplexproperties5Giveequationsusedincalculations6Explainstatisticalprocedures7Giveappropriatereferencesthroughout9/24/20243535/58Section7:ResultsThethirdmajorsectionoftheexperimentalresearchreportiscalledResults,inwhichyoupresentthefindingsofyourstudybutnevercommentonthem,exceptthatasectionof‘ResultsandDiscussion’ispresentedinstead.TheResultssectionofthereportpresentsthefindingsofthestudyinbothfiguresandinwrittentext.Figures(graphs,tables,anddiagrams)presentthecompletefindingsinnumericalterms,whiletheaccompanyingtexthelpsthereadertofocusonthemostimportantaspectsoftheresultsandtointerpretthem.9/24/20243636/58NotesforResults:1SometimescombinedwithDiscussionsection2DonotrepeatMethods,ifResultssectionisseparatefromDiscussion,donotdiscussresultshere3 Selecttheresultsthatarerelevanttothe‘story’inthispaper4Tables,Figuresorboth?Beconsistentasmuchaspossible,buttakeintoaccountthe‘impact’ofdataaspresented5DonotincludebothaTableandaFigurethatshowthesamedata6Inthetext,mentiontheresultsinthesameorderasintheTableorFigure;butdonotrepeatthedetailedinformation(e.g.allthevalues)9/24/20243737/58MoreonTables:Donot‘clutter’withdetail(e.g.toomanycolumnstooclosetogether;toomanydecimalplacesthatarenotneeded)MoreonFigures:Figurescanhavemoreimpact;e.g.‘bardiagrams’orgraphswithtime-courses–butcanalsobetoocluttered(e.g.toomanynarrowbarstooclosetogether)Ifresultsshownosignificantdifferencesbetweensometreatments,justsaysointext;e.g.‘shootPconcentrationswere3.0-3.5mgkg-1;therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweentreatments(resultsnotshown)’–thisunclutterstablesorfigures.9/24/20243838/58Moreonstatistics:Takeappropriateadvicewhendesigningexperiments,fieldsurveysetcDonotmakeclaimsof‘differences’,‘maximumvalues’etc,withoutstatisticalevidence;givestandarderrors,and/orprobabilitiesasappropriateDonot‘under-analyze’results:e.g.donotrelyon‘globalAnovar’.Example:inastudyof4plantvarietieswith4levelsofaddedNaCl-‘Caadditionsignificantlyincreasedtolerancetosoilsalinity.’OK,butwasthissoinall4varieties?DidtheCaadditionatdifferentNaCllevelsaffectthe4varietiesequally?Analyseindividualtreatments!Donot‘over-analyze’results:notallsmalldifferencesorinteractionsmaybe‘biologicallysignificant’or‘global’–adifficultdecision!9/24/20243939/58Moreonexperimentaldesign&statistics:Takeexpertadvicewhendesigningexperiments,fieldsurveysetcInexperiments,makesureyouhavesuitablecontroltreatmentsInfield-workmakesurethatsamplingisadequateInbothcases,bewareof‘pseudo-replication’,e.g.a.potexperiment(盆栽試驗(yàn));3treatments,only1potpertreatment,5plantsperpot,&analyzingseparatelytheindividualplantsinthepotformeansandstandarderrors[notruereplicationofpots]paring1forest&1adjacentgrassland,withfewsamples,&claimingtheresultsrepresentthewholeforest&grassland[noconsiderationoflocalsitevariablesinforestorsoil]9/24/20244040/58Section8:DiscussionWelookatthefourthsectionoftheexperimentalresearchreportorpaper.UsuallytitledDiscussion,itisthelastmajorsectionofthereportorpaper.IntheDiscussionsectionyoustepbackandtakeabroadlookatyourfindingsandyourstudyasawhole.AsintheIntroduction,researchersusetheDiscussionsectiontoexaminetheirworkinthelargecontextoftheirfield.9/24/20244141/58Section8:DiscussionThemostdifficultpart!ThemajorcontentsofDiscussionshouldconcentrateon:1)therelevanceoftheresultstotheproposedhypothesis;2)comparisonsbetweenyourresultsandthosepublishedones,anddiscussiononthepossiblereasonsormechanismsforthedifferencesbetweenthem.9/24/20244242/58NotesforDiscussion:1First:summarizetheresults–donotrepeatthemindetail;thereadercanrememberthedetails2DiscussresultsinrelationtotherelevantissuesraisedintheIntroduction3 But:donotwritealongreviewwithmanyadditionalreferences4Emphasizeinterestingdifferences,ordevelopmentsfrom,theearlierwork,e.g.‘WhereasSmith(1990)foundthatadditionalZndecreasedCuuptakebywheat,wehavefound[or:thepresentstudyshowed]thatZndecreasedCuuptakebybarley.Thereasonsforthisdifferenceareunresolved.Theymaybedueto…’etc.[Keepspeculationlimited.]9/24/20244343/58NotesforDiscussion:5Somejournalsallowsubheadings;usefulifyouhavealotofresultsthatyouwanttodiscussseparately6Butdonotgointoresultsindetail–discusstheirrelevancetotheissuesraisedintheIntroduction7NowgobacktotheIntroductiontochecktheissuesraised!8Possibly–suggestusefulfuturework9Give(briefly)themainconclusions(with‘Conclusions’subheadingifthejournalallowsthis).NowyoucanwritetheAbstract9/24/20244444/58Section9:AcknowledgmentsThanktechnicalstaff,colleaguesforhelpfuladviceoruseoftheirfacilities,andprovidersoffinancialsupport(usuallyinthatorder),detailsinclude:-Peopleandagencieswhoallowedyoutowritethismanuscript-Yoursupervisor(ifnotaco-author)-Yourtechnician(ifnotaco-author)-Yourcolleague,whogaveyousomebrightideasorcriticallyreadyourmanuscript-Someonewhohelpedyouwiththelanguage-Grantingagencies(出資單位或贊助單位)9/24/20244545/58Section10:ReferencesItisessentialthatanorganizedcollectionofreferencescitedbyyourpaperisplacedinaseparatesectionattheendofyourpaper.Thiscollectioniscalled‘References’or‘Bibliography’(參考書目),whichcanbegeneratedautomaticallybysoftwareprograms,suchasEndNote.Checkandfollowcarefullythelateststylerequiredbythejournal(styleforauthors,title,journaletc)–errorsgreatlyirritatereviewersandeditor!Checkallreferencescarefullyforspelling,especiallynamesoforganismsandjournalsCitingliteratureyouhavenotreadisdangerous,incasetheauthorfromwhomyouarereallycitinggotitwrong

9/24/20244646/58Part3:WritingscientificEnglish–somehintsEnglishisadifficultlanguageforscientificwriting.Somehints:Verbtenses(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài))Usethepresenttensefor‘establishedfacts’,e.g. -‘AdditionofcalciumusuallyimprovesNaCltoxicity.’ -‘Mosttropicalforesttreesaremycorrhizal.’Usethepasttensetodescriberesultsthatmaynotbe‘general’,e.g.‘Brown&Jones()foundthatphosphateuptakebymaizewas’[or‘wasnot’]‘decreasedbyadditionofarsenic’.9/24/20244747/58SampleSummary:verbtensesAssun?aoetal.().Differentialmetal-specifictoleranceandaccumulationpatternsamongThlaspicaerulescenspopulationsfromdifferentsoiltypes.NewPhytologist159:411-419.Thlaspicaerulescens（重金屬超富集植物遏藍(lán)菜）populationsfromcontrastingsoiltypes(serpentine,calamineandnonmetalliferous)werecharacterizedwithregardtotolerance,uptakeandtranslocationofzinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd)andnickel(Ni)inhydroponicculture.High-leveltoleranceswereapparentlymetal-specificandconfinedtothemetalsthatwereenrichedattoxiclevelsinthesoilatthepopulationsite.Withregardtometalaccumulation,resultssuggestedthat,unlikeZnhyperaccumulation,CdandNihyperaccumulationwerenotconstitutiveatthespecieslevelinT.caerulescens.Ingeneral,thepopulationsexhibitedapronounceduncorrelatedandmetal-specificvariationinuptake,roottoshoottranslocation,andtoleranceofZn,CdandNi.Thedistinctintraspecificvariationofthesecharactersprovidesexcellentopportunitiesforfurthergeneticandphysiologicaldissectionofthehyperaccumulationtrait.9/24/20244848/58Nounsusedasadjectives[commoninscientificwriting],e.g.‘phosphate[or‘P]‘uptake’–for‘uptakeofphosphorus’[‘P’]‘rootweight’[not‘rootsweight’–for‘weightoftheroots’‘daytemperature’–for‘temperatureduringtheday’‘Mycorrhiza-specificPtransporter’–for‘a(chǎn)transporterforPthatisonlyfoundinmycorrhizas.’…etc9/24/20244949/58SampleSummary:nounsasadjectivesAssun?aoetal.().Differentialmetal-specifictoleranceandaccumulationpatternsamongThlaspicaerulescenspopulationsfromdifferentsoiltypes.NewPhytologist159:411-419.Thlaspicaerulescenspopulationsfromcontrastingsoiltypes(serpentine,calamineandnonmetalliferous)werecharacterizedwithregardtotolerance,uptakeandtranslocationofzinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd)andnickel(Ni)inhydroponicculture.High-leveltoleranceswereapparentlymetal-specificandconfinedtothemetalsthatwereenrichedattoxiclevelsinthesoilatthepopulationsite.Withregardtometalaccumulation,resultssuggestedthat,unlikeZnhyperaccumulation,CdandNihyperaccumulationwerenotconstitutiveatthespecieslevelinT.caerulescens.Ingeneral,thepopulationsexhibitedapronounceduncorrelatedandmetal-specificvariationinuptake,roottoshoottranslocation,andtoleranceofZn,CdandNi.Thedistinctintraspecificvariationofthesecharactersprovidesexcellentopportunitiesforfurthergeneticandphysiologicaldissectionofthehyperaccumulationtrait.9/24/20245050/58However,useadjectiveswheretheyexist,e.g.‘environmentalconditions’–not‘environmentconditions’‘fungalbiomass’–not‘fungusbiomass’‘mycorrhizalsymbiosis（共生）’–not‘mycorrhizasymbiosis’‘a(chǎn)nalyticalmethod’–not‘a(chǎn)nalysismethod’…etc9/24/20245151/58Sentencestyle:avoidingunnecessaryrepetition.e.g.‘RootsofthericeplantsgrewverypoorlyinthepresenceofAs.RootsofthericeplantsgrewmuchbetterwhenPwasaddedtothenutrientsolution.’1)Ifthepaperisentirelyaboutricethereisnoneedtosay‘riceplants’.2)Thereisnoneedtorepeatthedetailatthebeginningofthesecondsentence.ThefollowingisOK:‘RootsgrewverypoorlyinthepresenceofAs.TheygrewmuchbetterwhenPwasaddedtothenutrientsolution.’Or:RootsgrewverypoorlyinthepresenceofAs,butgrewmuchbetterwhenPwasaddedtothenutrientsolution.’Donotstartsentenceswith‘And’,‘But’,or‘Or’!9/24/20245252/58The‘definitearticle’[‘the’]andtheindefinitearticle[‘a(chǎn)’,‘a(chǎn)n’]‘The’isusedtorefertoaparticular(‘definite’)objectorsituation(orparticularobjectsorsituations),e.g.-Thejournalneedsastatementcertifyingthatalltheauthorshavebeenconsultedandagreewiththepaperassubmitted.’ -‘TherootsgrewmuchbetterwhenPwasaddedtothenutrientsolution.’‘A’or‘a(chǎn)n’isusedforoneofmanypossibleobjectsorsituations–itisnotusedforplural‘indefinite’nouns,e.g. -‘Phosphorusisanessentialelementforplants.’ -‘SoilpHisamajorvariableandcanstress....’ [Thereareotheressentialelementsandvariables.]9/24/20245353/58Thedefinitearticleandtheindefinitearticle－complicationsTheyareoftenomitted,e.g.-‘Thejournalneedsastatementcertifyingthatallauthorshavebeenconsultedandagreewiththepaperassubmitted.’[‘Allauthors’meansalltheauthorsofthispaper] -‘RootsgrewmuchbetterwhenPwasaddedtothenutrientsolution’[‘Roots’referstotherootsintheexperiment–notrootsofallplantsintheworld.] -‘SoilpHisoneoftheimportantenvironmentalvariablesthataffectplantgrowth.’ [Hereitisunderstoodthat‘soilpH’and‘growth’are‘general’properties;‘theimportant…’istherebecausesomevariablesarelessimportant.]9/24/20245454/58SampleSummary:articlesAssun?aoetal.().Differentialmetal-specifictoleranceandaccumulationpatternsamongThlaspicaerulescenspopulationsfromdifferentsoiltypes.NewPhytologist159:411-419.Thlaspicaerulescenspopulationsfromcontrastingsoiltypes(serpentine,calamineandnonmetalliferous)werecharacteriz