2023屆高三二調(diào)英語(yǔ)試卷

鄭州四中2023屆高三年級(jí)第二次調(diào)考英語(yǔ)出題人：高三英語(yǔ)組 審題人：第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMakeItModular:StudentDesignChallenge!Imagineyourcommunityasamaterialbank,richwithresourcestoreuse.Howcouldyouimprovethebuiltenvironmentbyupcyclingwaste,circulating(循環(huán))existingmaterials,orregeneratingnature?Yourchallengeistodesignastructurethatmeetsaneedinyourcommunitynowbutcouldalsoberepurposedlater.“Designingfordeconstruction”involvesamodularapproachinwhichbuildingelementscouldbeeasilyreconfigured,reimagined,andrepurposedovertime.Yourdesignshould:?Includeanapproximately20’longx8’widex9.6’highvolumetricmodule?Berelevanttooneofthefollowinguses:*AffordableHousing*Covid-eraPublicSpace*ReimaginedOutdoorClassroom?Approachthetaskwithareal-worldperspective,demonstratingskillsandknowledgefromoneormoreofthefollowingfields:architecture,engineering,construction,and/ortheskilledtradesRequirements:1.Opentostudentsages13-21andcurrentlyenrolled(入學(xué))inhighschoolorhomeschooled.2.AllentriesMUSTsharetheentrant’sgradelevelintheintroductorystep.3.SubmissionsmustbeenteredbetweenMarch7,2022,andJune20,2022.IfyouhaveneverpostedanInstructablebefore,pleaserefertoHowtoWriteanInstructableguideformoreinformation.Theprizesareintendedasscholarshipfundstosupportthewinners’education,suchastuition,books,room&boardortransportation.Entrieswillbejudgedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:*3DDigitalLiteracy(能力)andDesign;*EngineeringMindset;*Real-worldRelevance;*Presentation.Readthefullcontestrulesformoredetails.21.Accordingtothepassage,thedesignscan______.A.beusednowandrepurposedlater B.beplacedinamaterialbankC.besubmittedonAugust20,2022 D.berelatedtoartandliterature22.IfastudenthasneverpostedanInstructablebefore,whatshouldheorshedo?A.Contacttheorganizers. B.Quitthedesigncontest.C.Refertoanonlineguide. D.Readthefullcontestrules.23.Whatcanwinnersdowiththeprizes?A.Toenrollinahighschool. B.Topayfortuitionandbooks.C.Topolishhispresentation. D.Toimprovethebuiltenvironment.BImaginethatyoutakeawalkaroundyouryardornearbyparkandimmediately,thesoundsofaninsectbandsurroundyou.Producedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper（角蟬）,thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations（共鳴、振動(dòng)）thatflowacrossthesurfaceofplants.Butitisnotatalllikethefamiliarvocalizationsofcrickets（蟋蟀）;instead,it’ssomethingricher,morevaried.Somesoundsaresong-like,othersaresimilartothenoisesofmachinesormusicalinstruments.Thenoisemadefromevenasingleplantmaybe“asnoisyasabusystreet”.InAnImmenseWorld:HowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUs,Pulitzerprize-winningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthat,onarealwalkinsteadofthisonewe’veimagined,humanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppers’musicwithoutspecialequipment.Inthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer（振動(dòng)計(jì)）,adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanears,Yonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratory.Heisshockedbytheattractivesounds.Inthisbookthatfollowsonfrom2018’sIContainMultitudes,Yongwritesinaperfectbalanceofscientificseverityandpersonalaweasheinvitesreaderstograspsomethingofhowotheranimalsexperiencetheworld.Communicatingthroughsurfacevibrationsisarathercoolexamplethatextendsbeyondtreehopperstoelephantsandspiders,andtothisfactaboutfrogs.Attunedtovibrationsenteringtheeggs,froghatchesquicklyifasnakeshowsupwithahardbite,butignorerain,wind,footstepsandevenanearthquake.Myadmirationforthebookis,well,immense.Likemanythousandsofotherpeople,IhavereliedthroughoutthecourseofCOVID-19onYong’sreportingatTheAtlanticashecrackedopenthefast-changingworldofpandemicscience.Now,withAnImmenseWorld,Yongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatco-existwithours,andhowwemayprotectthem.24.Howdoesthesoundscapecomeaboutaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itcomesfromhumans’muscles.B.Itarisesfromthevocalizationsofcrickets.C.Itcomesfromanimaginableworld.D.Itarisesfromvibrationsflowingacrossthesurfaceofplants.25.WhycanYonghearthetreehopper’smusic?A.Becauseofalaserdevice.B.Becauseofthesurfaceofplants.C.Becauseofthenatureoftheinsects.D.Becauseofthespecialimaginableenvironment.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnImmenseWorld?A.Itappealstoallkindsofpeoples.B.Itisaimedatprotectingtheanimals.C.Itisscheduledtobepublishednextyear.D.Itdescribesavirtualworldfullofanimals.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Ahistoricalnovel.C.Abookreview.D.Apersonalbiography.CStanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanature-inspiredaerialgrasper,orSNAG,whichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone（四軸無(wú)人機(jī)）togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagle.Whenequippedwiththedevice,thedroneisabletoflyaroundcatchingandcarryingobjectsandperching（棲息）onvarioussurfaces,accordingtoaStanfordnewsreleasedatedDec.1,2021,describingthework.Butcopyingtheflexibilityofbirdswasn’teasytodo.Theresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflanding,perchingandtakeoff.“Whatsurpriseduswasthattheydidthesameaerialmilitaryexercise,nomatterwhatsurfacestheywerelandingon,”oneoftheresearchers,WilliamRoderick,explainedinthenewsrelease.“Theyletthefeethandlethevariabilityandcomplexityofthesurfacetextureitself,”hesaid.Givingadronesimilarabilitiesrequiredtechnologicalfeat.SNAGhasa3D-printedstructurethatimitatesaneagle’slightweightbones,andeachofitslegsisequippedwithamotorformovingbackandforthandasecondoneforgrasping.Mechanismsintherobot’slegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforce,thewaythatabird’smuscleswould.Asaresult,adroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20milliseconds.Oncetherobot’sfeetarewrappedaroundaperch,itsankleslockandanaccelerometer—adevicethatmeasuresvibration-detectsthelandingandactivatesabalancingalgorithm（算法）tostabilizeitontheperch.Elsewhere,researchersatotherinstitutionsalsohavebeenworkingforyearsongivingdronestheabilitytolandandhangontosomething.Asthis2019Smithsonianarticleexplains,beingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheair.That’simportant,becausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower.28.WhatinspiredtheSNAG’sdevelopment?A.Thewayparrotsperch.B.Themilitaryexercise.C.The3D-printedtechnology.D.Theeagle’slightweightbones.29.Whatmakesthedrones’grabbingsomethingstronglysoquicklypossible?A.Thepowerfulbattery.B.Theirabilitytoimitateparrots’takingoff.C.Theapplicationofadvancedflyingtechniques.D.Themechanicaldevicesmodelingabird’smuscles.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Flighttimeisnotvitaltothedrones.B.After2019,researchersquiteffortstoimproveflighttime.C.Flighttimehasbeenaproblembeforethisstudy.D.Researchingtheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingismeaningless.31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Drones,anapplicationtothemilitaryB.Roboticdrones,reallylikebirdsC.Roboticdrones,acomparisonofbirdsD.Quadcopterdrones,advancedtechnologyD“Girlsareweak,andboysarestrong.Thisiswhatisbeingsubconsciouslycommunicatedtohundredsofmillionsofyoungboysandgirlsallovertheworld,justlikeitwaswithme,”saidAmericanactorJustinBaldoni.Asaboy,allhewantedwastobeacceptedbyotherpeople.Thatacceptancemeanthehadtopretendtobestrongwhenhewasweak,confidentwhenhefeltinsecure,andtoughwhenhewasactuallyhurting.Isthatahealthylifestyle?AmemberoftheCPPCCStandingCommitteemightsay“yes”.Inhisproposal,hespokeofaneedto“preventthefeminizationofmaleyouths”.Inresponsetohiscall,China’sMinistryofEducationhasrecentlydemandedthatschoolsshouldhiremorephysicaleducationteachersandimproveteachingmethodstocultivatemasculinityinstudents.Theresponsehasbeenwidelydebatedonline,withmanypeoplesayingthatitreinforcesgenderstereotypes.ThestatebroadcasterCCTVwroteonitsWeiboaccount,“Educationisnotsimplyaboutcultivatingmenandwomen.It’smoreimportanttodevelopawillingnesstotakeresponsibility.”Youmightbewonderingnow:Whatismasculinity,andwhyisthissocontroversial?Well,byitself,“masculinity”referstothequalitiestraditionallyconsideredtobetypicalofmen.Whilethereisnotreallyasingle“correct”setofqualities,thetermisoftenassociatedwithstrength,courage,assertiveness,andemotionalcontrol.Sometimes,however,theseseeminglyadmirablequalitiescanbeextendedinunrealisticways.Butboysarealsohuman.Blindlyaskingthemtocontroltheirfeelings“l(fā)ikeaman”canonlyincreasetheirstresswhentheygrowup.AsaneducatorwhohasspentyearsteachinginChina,Iagreethatattachingmoreimportancetophysicaleducationwoulddefinitelybenefitstudents.Sportsprovideopportunitiesforphysicalfitness.Moreimportantly,theycanhelpdeveloplifelongskills,suchasleadershipandcommunicationskills.However,puttingtheemphasisonmasculinityisfarfromasoundreasonforwhichtodoso.Itisunnecessaryforallboystobuilduptheirmuscles,butitisessentialthattheyalllearnhowtobestronginside.Itisalsofineforboystocryandtoshowtheirweakness.Schoolsshouldworkonequippingstudentswiththeskillsandvaluestheywillneedtobesuccessfulinlife,notreinforcingstereotypesofmasculinityborrowedfromabygoneage.32.Theunderlinedexpression“masculinity”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans“__________”A.manlyqualities B.potentialabilitiesC.self-centredness D.steadystrength33.WhatistheargumentagainstthedemandofChina’sMinistryofEducation?A.Itisnecessarytopreventthefeminizationofmaleyouths.B.Physicaleducationshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.C.Weshouldteachstudentsaccordingtotheirindividualqualities.D.Importanceshouldbeattachedtodevelopingstudents’senseofresponsibility.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Masculinityisoutofdate.B.Masculinityisoverstated.C.Masculinityshowsphysicalstrength.D.Masculinityonlyfocusesonphysicalfitness.35.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthearticle?A.Weshoulddoeverythingwecantoguaranteestudents’health.B.Schoolsshoulddifferentiatebetweenboysandgirlswhileeducatingthem.C.Itisimportanttopreparestudentswithnecessaryskillsandrightvalues.D.Itistimetoweakenstereotypesofmasculinity.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theworldisfullofdistractions.Unfortunately,theworldalsorequiresustowork.Copingwiththefirstwhilestilldoingenoughofthesecondis…sorry,whereamI?Ah,yes,theworldisfullofdistractions.Ifyouworkinanoffice,itmightbeemails,phonecallsorcolleagueswithquestionstoask.Ifyouareathome,itmightbethecontentsofthefridgeorasuddenfixationondustmites(塵螨)underthesofa.Sometimesittakesevenless.Ifyouaresittinganddoingworkandsomeonenearyousayssomethingparticularlyinteresting,thatcanpullyourfocus.___36___So,howcanwestayfocusedinourwanderingminds?____37____Andputyoursmartphoneandotherirrelevantscreensaway—theyattractourattentioneveniftheyareoff.Ifyoutendtopoponheadphonesandusemusictoshutoutdistractions,avoidlisteningtoanythingfamiliar.Knowingthewordsortunewellwilldistractyouevenmore.___38___Ifyouaredoingsomethingrepetitivelikestuffingenvelopesorlayingbricks,beingdistractedbylisteningtomusicorapodcastorengaginginaconversationwithaco-workercanultimatelyboostproductivity.____39____JihaeShin,nowattheuniversityofWisconsin-Madison,hasfoundthatwhenpeopleplayedMinesweeperforfiveminutesbeforecomingupwithnewbusinessideas,theyweremorecreativethanthosewhodidn’tplay.___40___Ingeneral,thisistheenemyofproductivity:itencouragesmistakes,stopsusfromcompletingthings,promotesforgetfulnessandlowersthequalityofwriting.Butwhenwearetryingtocomeupwithcreativesolutions,task-switchingdistractionscanhelpprevent"cognitivefixation"onineffectiveapproaches.Soifyouareacreativetype,trylininguptwoormoretasksandspendyourdayswitchingbetweenthem.Orifthatdoesn’twork,justgoplaywithyourphone.A.Notalldistractionsarebad,however.B.Switchingbetweentaskscanalsohelp.C.Creativitycanbenefitfromdistractiontoo.D.Switchingoffemailormessagingserviceshelps.E.Butyouarenotgoodatdealingwithdistractions.F.Ifyouhavetroubleconcentrating,Isuggestyoutrythefollowingideas.G.Ifyouarenotcareful,youwillendupyourdaywithnothingaccomplished.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LastyearIruinedmysummervacationbybringingalongamodernconvenience:theiPad.Insteadoflookingatnature,I_41_mye-mail.Insteadofpaddlinganoldboat,IfollowedmyTwitterfeed.Insteadofreadinggreatnovels,Istucktoreadingfour____42____eachmorning.Andthatwastheproblem:Iwasacting__43_Iwere__44__intheoffice.Mybodywasonvacationbutmyheadwasn’t.SothisyearImadeupmymindtotrysomething__45__:gettingawayfromtheInternet.Iknewitwouldn’tbeeasy,sinceI’mnotgoodat__46__.ButIwasdetermined.IstartedbyhandingtheiPadtomywife.Then,astrokeofluck:Thecellphonesignalatourcabinwas__47__thaninthepast,meaningthatIcouldn’tcheat.Iwastrapped,forcedtocarryoutmyplan.Largely__48__frome-mail,Twitterandmyfavoritenewspaperwebsites,Ihadlittlewaytoconnecttotheworld__49__radio—andhowmuchradiocanonelistento,really?Ihadno__50__buttodowhatIhadplannedtodoallalong:readbooks.Thisexperiencehashada__51___ending—fornow,atleast.Withdeterminationandthestrongsupportofmywife,Isucceededinmyvacationstruggle__52__theInternet.I__53_realizedthatitwasme,ofcourse,nottheiPad,thatwastheproblem.IknewIhad_54__whenwepassedaStarbucksandmywifeaskedifIwantedtostoptousetheWiFi.“Don’tneedit,”Isaid.__55__,aswereturntopost-vacationsituation,atestbegins:CanI__56_whenI’mbackatwork?AndIdon’tplanto__57__myconvenience_58__.ButIhopetoresistthetemptationtocheckmye-maileveryfiveminutes,__59_oftenleadstofollowingmyTwitterfeed.Ithinkavacationissupposedtohelpyourestyour__60__tobecomemoreproductive.HereIhopethisoneworked.41．A．received B．checked C．wrote D．recognized42．A．newspapers B．magazines C．journals D．letters43．A．sothat B．eversince C．eventhough D．a(chǎn)sif44．A．even B．still C．once D．more45．A．upset B．different C．crazy D．calm46．A．self-control B．self-confidence C．self-respect D．self-improvement47．A．better B．stronger C．worse D．less48．A．setoff B．turnoff C．cutoff D．putoff49．A．morethan B．exceptfor C．insteadof D．ratherthan50．A．idea B．way C．means D．choice51．A．MeaninglessB．hopeful C．happy D．peaceful52．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．for C．to D．in53．A．entirely B．frequently C．finally D．gradually54．A．won B．lost C．suffered D．recovered55．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Anyway56．A．stop B．escape C．continue D．change57．A．givein B．giveup C．giveoff D．giveaway58．A．exactly B．completely C．eventually D．generally59．A．that B．when C．which D．who60．A．body B．heart C．brain D．thought第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1．5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everypersoninthisworldhastheirownuniqueexperiencesandchallenges—andjustbecausetheyaren’tuniversal,itdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tthere.That’swheretheHumanLibraryprojectcomesin.Itgivesusachance61（explore）thestoriesthatwemightneverknowaboutotherwise.Itgivesus62uniqueopportunitytolookattheworldthroughtheeyesofothers.Itisdonewithout63（judge）,anditleadstounderstanding.TheHumanLibrarystarted64theconceptoflivingbooks.Eachpersonbecameanopen“book”andsharedtheirownexperience