胸膜炎培訓(xùn)講學(xué)

TheGlassMenagerieMemory,DreamandFamilyRelations

GeneralIntroduction&ScenesI-II

OutlineTennesseeWilliams,HistoricalandSocialBackgroundStartingQuestionsActITheGlassMenagerie:Themes,Plot:Tomrecollectsthefamilypast,whenthemothertriestogetagentlemancallertovisithissister,Laura(crippledandwithdrawn).(Seep.1440)AMemoryPlay,usesalotofscreendevicestosuggesttheworkingofTom’smind.Issues:Self-Deception,Illusion,Dreamvs.Reality;AgriculturalandAristocraticOldSouthvs.IndustrialSocietyWomen’sPositioninaModernCityTheGlassMenagerie:BackgroundandSettingSetting:Present:acrampedapartmentinalower-classpartofSt.Louisintheyear1937,thetimeofDepression.Amanda’sPast:TheOldSouthPlantation(wherebellesarecourtedbybeauxandservedby“darkies”)GeneralQuestions“Nobody,noteventherain,hassuchsmallhands.”~e.e.cummings–Whosesmallhands?Ofwomen?Offate?Women’sPositions:ThelongtraditionsCourtingtheladies“AngelintheHouse”vs.MenontheroadArenolongerprevalenttoday.Howarewetounderstandandsympathizewithwomenwhoareconstrainedinsuchtraditions?Towhatextentisourdreamamotivatingforce,butnotameansofself-deceptionorconstraintontheothers?Scenes1-2:TheWinfieldFamilyDreamandFrustrationinSt.LouisCharacters:ContrastbetweenAmandaandLaura,JimandtheRestTheListofCharacters=theplaywright’sinterpretationofthecharacters.Arethereanycommonpointsamong(someof)them?HowareAmandaandLaurasetincontrastwitheachother?

Amanda–Lives“Actively”inthePastDescriptionofAmandafilledwithparadoxes(e.g.notparanoiac,butinparanoia)HerManners&Gestures:thewaysheisdressed(scene2p.1445),theelegiacvoice,ormartyrlookshetakeson(1445)Talkative(hertalkaboutfood--'Honey,don'tpushwithyourfingers...Andchew--chew!'”)Active:“No,sister,no,sister-youbetheladythistimeandI'llbethedarky”(1443)Amandavs.LauraAmandaLivesinthepastofbeingpursuedbyalotofgentlemen(e.g.pp.1443-44)Laura1)clericalwork;2)herinsistencethattheremustbeafloodofgentlemencallerstovisitherdaughterLauraDelicateandfragile(e.gScene2.Doesnotsharethemother’sdreamofhaving“gentlemencallers”(Notexpectinggentlemencallers.)BothLiveintheir“glassmenageries.”sympathetictobothhermotherandherbrother.(pp.1443,44,criedforherbrother.)Laura’s“firstfiasco”WhatdoyouthinkaboutLaura’sresponses?Andthemother’sresponse?WouldyouchickenoutlikeLaura?(p.1446)Wouldyouescapetothezoo,themovies,jewel-boxwithtropicalflowers,roamingaroundallday?(1446-1447)Doyouagreethat,withoutabusinesscareer,womencanonlybedependent,asaspinsterorasawife?(1447)Andthataspinsterhasto“[eat]thecrustofhumilityalltheirlife”?Amandavs.HusbandandTomContradictory:HerviewsthatthehusbandhascharmsandthatherdaughtershouldgetmarriedOffensive:HercriticismofTomandinsistenceonSouthernaristocraticmannersFather:Heisgallantlysmiling,ineluctablysmiling,asiftosay'Iwillbesmilingforever'.(1441)Fallsinloewithlongdistances;skipthelightfantastic[dance]outoftown(ref)Tom:Aself-consciousartistdressedas“amerchantsailor”Bothfallinlovewithdistance.Cannotstandhismother,buttoleratesher.(1443)SymbolicSettingSetting–suggeststhedifficultiesofthegeneralsituation.

A“thislargestandfundamentallyenslavedsectionofAmericansocietytoavoidfluidityanddifferentiationandtoexistandfunctionasoneinterfusedmassofautomatism.”(1440)

animpoverishedandstagnantareainanindustrializedmoderncity.Tom“InSpaintherewasGuernica[NaziGermanbombing].Herethereweredisturbancesoflabour,sometimesprettyviolent,inotherwisepeacefulcitiessuchasChicago,Cleveland,SaintLouis...“(1441)thefire-escape&darkalleys–familyasaconstraint,butnowayout.MemoryPlayMemory–HowdoestheplaypresentthestageasifitwerepartofTom’smemory?

(e.g.theuseoflighting,thetransparentwall,etc.)

signsofTom’sbeinganauthor;e.g.wherehedirectsthemusicandlightingp.1443:

“TommotionsformusicandaspotoflightonAMANDA.Hereyeslift,herfaceglows,hervoicebecomesrichandelegiac,”onp.1448,“Tommotionstothefiddleinthewings.”Screendevice:stagedirectionsgiving“images”and“l(fā)egends”e.g."OùsontlesNeigesd'antan"(scenei)"BlueRoses"(胸膜炎sceneii--1447),and“Image:Screen"(1448)).Notes:“Ousontlesneiges...”isthetitleofapoeminpraiseofbeautifulwomenbythefifteenth-centuryFrenchpoetFran?oisVillon(thepoem)Williams’ownexplanationisthat"Thelegendorimageuponthescreenwillstrengthentheeffectofwhatismerelyallusion[sic]inthewritingandallowtheprimarypointtobemademoresimplyandlightlythan