2024-2025學年高二英語選擇性必修第四冊（譯林版）UNIT 2 Grammar and usage教學課件

UNIT2

UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageLead-in1.Comparethefollowingrelativeclausesandtellthedifferencesinmeaning.(1)Theoldmanhasadaughterwhoisadoctor.(2)Theoldmanhasadaughter,whoisadoctor.Lead-inThefirstsentenceindicatesthatoldmanmayhavemorethanonedaughter.Andoneofthemisadoctor.Maybehestillhassomeotherdaughtersworkinginotherdifferentprofessions.However,thesecondsentencemeanstheoldmanhasonlyonedaughter,andthedaughterisadoctor.2.Comparethefollowingtwosentencesintermofstructureandmeaning.(1)IntheUK,punctualityisveryimportant,soyoushouldtrynottoarrivelate.(2)IntheUK,wherepunctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.Thetwosentencesexpressalmostthesamemeanings.Thefirstoneisacompoundsentence,anditemployscoordinatingconjunctionsotoconnecttwopartslogically.However,thesecondsentencecontainsanon-restrictiverelativeclause.Itusestherelativeadverbwheretomakethetwosentencesintoone.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausecanmakesentencesconciseandcoherent.Lead-in1.ReadthepersonalaccountandfinishPartAonPage20.ExploringtherulesRestrictiverelativeclauses…twocountriesthatareseparatedbyacommonlanguage.Thereweretimeswhenquestionslike“Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam,please?”…Non-restrictiverelativeclausesIspentonetermintheUK,wherethegreatestchallengewastheindirectmannerofspeaking.…acommonopinionis“It’snotbad”,whichusuallytranslatesas“It’sawful”.Now,whenspeakingtoAmericans,whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle…Asmyexperiencesclearlyshow,learningalanguageisjustthebeginning!2.ReadthepersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentonPage20andanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatisthepersonalaccountmainlyabout?(2)WhatisthedifferenceincommunicationstylesbetweentheUKandtheUSA?ThepersonalaccountismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweentheBritishandtheAmericancommunicationstyles.TheBritishpreferanindirectmannerofspeaking,whileAmericanslikethedirectstyle.Exploringtherules3.Havestudentsfinish“Workingouttherules”onPage20.Arestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausegives(2)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutanoun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)___________(that/which)tointroduceit.Exploringtherules1.IntheUK,_______punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,______isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations_____________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,_____worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structures.wherewhichofwhichwhere/inwhichwhoExploringtherulesApplyingtherulesFinishB2onPage21.Answer1.a2.e3.d4.f5.bWhatothertaboosdoyouknowabout?Giveexamplesusingrelativeclauses.InJapan,bathroomslippers,whichareconsidereddirty,shouldalwaysremaininthebathroomonlyandnotbeworninanyotherroomofthehouse.InVietnam,peoplewhotouchsomeone’sheadorshouldersorpassitemsoversomeone’sheadareprobablynotfamiliarwithVietnamesecustoms.InBrazil,wherepurpleisusuallyworntoafuneralortomournthelossofalovedone,mostpeopleavoidwearingpurplebecauseitisbelievedtobedisrespectfulandunlucky.

Applyingtherules1.GothroughtheGrammarnotesonPages99–100.2.FinishPartBonPage63intheWorkbook.HomeworkGrammar限制性定語從句英語中用來修飾、限定某一名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。定語從句常置于被修飾詞之后，且有引導詞引導。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞。一關系代詞引導的定語從句（1）關系代詞的用法※關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。TheotherdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.前幾天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕＃ㄗ髦髡Z）Lucyisabeautifulandsmartgirl（who/whom）everyonewillenvy.露西是個人人都會羨慕的漂亮、聰明的女孩。（作賓語，關系詞可以省略）Thisisthetextbook（that/which）heislookingfor.這是他正在尋找的那本教材。（作賓語，關系詞可以省略）Weallthinktheyoungmanwhosefirstsciencefictionhasbeenpublishedisboundtobeagreatwriter.我們都認為，那個第一部科幻小說已經出版的年輕人一定會成為一位偉大的作家。（作定語）（2）注意事項【誤區(qū)警示】oneof+the+名詞復數+關系代詞who/which/that+復數謂語動詞+其他（√）theonlyoneof+the+名詞復數+關系代詞who/which/that+單數謂語動詞+其他（√）Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenpraisedbytheheadmaster.湯姆是受校長表揚的學生之一。（who代替thestudents）Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoparticipatesinthediscussion.她是這些女孩中唯一一個參與這次討論的。（who代替theonlyone）②在定語從句中作賓語時，關系代詞who可以代替whom。如果關系代詞之前有介詞，則只能用whom。Sheisthegirl（who/whom）wehavebeenlookingfor.她就是我們一直在尋找的那個女孩。IshouldmakeanapologytothemanatwhomIyelledthismorning.我應該向那個人道歉，今天早晨我向他大嚷大叫了。Itisaremotebordertownwhosename（=thenameofwhich/ofwhichthename）Ihaveforgotten.那是一個偏遠的邊境小鎮(zhèn)，名字我忘了。Heisashallowthinkerwhoseopinions（=theopinionsofwhom/ofwhomtheopinions）aren’tworthmuch.他是個膚淺的人，他的意見沒有多大價值。Theastronautwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourschool.我們大家都熟悉的那位宇航員將來參觀我們學校。ThisisthecombonwhichMaryspentfivedollars.這就是瑪麗花5美元買的那把梳子?！緦W法點撥】介詞的確定主要取決于三個原則：一先二動三意義——一先是與先行詞的搭配；二動是與從句中動詞的搭配；三意義是上下文意義表達的需要。【誤區(qū)警示】如果從句的謂語是含有介詞的動詞短語，而且搭配固定、密切，介詞不宜拆開提前。Thosearetherequirements（which/that）wecan’tputupwith.那些是我們不能忍受的條件。（3）宜用關系代詞that引導定語從句的情況①當先行詞是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none，few等不定代詞時，定語從句一般用that引導。All（that）thegraduatelacksispractice.那位畢業(yè)生缺少的是實踐。Thereisnothing（that）Icandoforyou.我無能為力，不能幫你。②當先行詞被no，all，any，（the）only，（the）very，few，little，much等修飾時，定語從句一般用that引導。Thisistheonlyskirt（that）Ihave.這是我僅有的一條裙子。Thereisnopersonthatisrelevanttothecase.沒有與此案件相關的人。③當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數詞或形容詞最高級時，定語從句常用that引導。Thisisthemosthorriblestory（that）Ihaveeverheard.Iamalmostscaredtodeath.這是我曾聽過的最驚悚的故事。我差點被嚇死了?！緦W法點撥】一旦先行詞或其前的修飾語表達了“獨一無二”的概念、全部概念、完全否定概念時，原則上不能使用關系代詞which，因為which還可用作疑問代詞，表示“哪一個”，多少還保留著“選擇”的意味。theonly表示“唯一”，everything表示“所有的東西”，none表示“沒有一個”，這些不能選擇或者無法選擇，那么which最好就不要用了。④當并列的兩個先行詞（分別表示人和物時）被同一個定語從句修飾時，關系代詞用that。Shetookphotosofthepeopleandanimals（that）shewasinterestedin.她給她感興趣的人和動物拍了照。⑤主句是以who，which等開頭的特殊疑問句時，定語從句一般用that引導。Whowasthepersonthathelpedthegirlout?幫助那個女孩擺脫困境的人是誰？⑥當關系代詞代替先行詞在從句中作表語時，關系代詞常用that。Yourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobe.你的病已經不是過去的情況了。二關系副詞引導的定語從句（1）關系副詞的用法關系副詞可以根據句中的搭配關系，轉換成“介詞+關系代詞”的結構。Thetimewhen（=atwhich）wegottogetherfinallycame.我們聚會的時間終于到了。Thedaywillcomewhen（=onwhich）we’llmeetagain.我們再次見面的日子將要到了。Shanghaiisthecitywhere（=inwhich）hewasborn.上海是他出生的城市。Pleasetellmethereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedivorcedhiswife.請告訴我，他為什么跟他妻子離婚。（2）注意事項①time作先行詞時，如果前面有序數詞或last修飾，原則上不用when引導定語從句，要用that或省略不用。如果time之前無序數詞或last修飾，則when和that都可引導定語從句。Thelasttime（that）Iheardfromhimwasin2013.我上一次收到他的信是在2013年。②當先行詞是表示方式的theway時，定語從句不能用how來引導，應該用that或inwhich，或省略不用。Weadmiretheway（that/inwhich）hesolvedtheproblem.我們欣賞他解決這個問題的方式。Idon’tliketheway（that/inwhich）youspoketoher.我不喜歡你跟她說話的方式?！緦W法點撥】（1）對于關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇，同學們應學會分析句子成分，看從句中缺少什么成分，如果從句中缺少主語、賓語或定語，則考慮關系代詞；若缺少狀語，則考慮關系副詞。（2）一些表示抽象地點的名詞，如case，position，stage（階段），situation，point等作先行詞時，如果定語從句中缺少狀語，則常用where引導定語從句。非限制性定語從句一非限制性定語從句的引導詞非限制性定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞which，who，whom，whose，as；關系副詞when，where等。Tomwasalwayslateforschool，whichmadehisteacherannoyed.湯姆上學總是遲到，這令他的老師很生氣。OurgraduationceremonywillbeheldinJuly，whenwe’llsaygoodbyetoourteachers.我們的畢業(yè)典禮將于7月份舉行，到那時我們就要跟老師們道別了。Henryhasbeenrecommendedasourmonitor，asyoumayknow.正如你可能知道的那樣，亨利已被推薦當我們的班長。二as引導的非限制性定語從句【拓展】as引導限制性定語從句時，先行詞常被thesame，such等修飾。as在從句中常作主語、賓語或表語。SuchcoursesasarerecommendedbyMrSmithareoptional.史密斯先生推薦的這些課程是選修的。（作主語）ThisisthesameearphoneasIpurchasedonline.這個耳機和我在網上買的一樣。（作賓語）三使用非限制性定語從句時的注意事項（1）that不能引導非限制性定語從句在非限制性定語從句中，用who，whom指代人，用which指代物。MrSmith，whoismyfriend，resignedlastyear.史密斯先生是我的朋友，他去年辭職了。（2）當先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句TheGreatWall，whichiscalledinChinese“TheTen-Thousand-LiGreatWall”，isveryfamousintheworld.長城，中國人稱“萬里長城”，在世界上非常出名。Thisismyvideophone，whichwasboughtyesterday.這是我的可視電話，是昨天買的。（3）非限制性定語從句可以補充說明整個主句的內容Heisshallow，whichisknowntousallinourcompany.他很膚淺，我們公司的人都知道。Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages，whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個5歲的男孩會講兩門外語，這令所有在場的人感到驚訝。（4）非限制性定語從句表原因時，不用why引導，而用forwhich代替whyWecouldnotgivethereason，forwhichsomanypeoplewereinfavourofthedraft.我們無法解釋，為什么這么多人支持這項草案。（5）先行詞是獨一無二的事物時，一般用非限制性定語從句修飾Thesun，whichrisesintheeast，givesuslightandheat.太陽從東方升起，給我們帶來光和熱。四限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別五分隔式定語從句通常情況下，定語從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時為了保持句子平衡，定語從句也可與其修飾的先行詞分離，這稱為分隔式定語從句。Thetimecameatlastwhenwewenttoparticipateinourgraduationceremony.我們去參加畢業(yè)典禮的時間終于到了。Thewarbrokeoutwhichlasted20yearsinall.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了，一共持續(xù)了20年。六關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇七關系代詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇Hehasthreesons，noneofwhomisanarchitect.（定語從句）他有三個兒子，沒有一個是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，butnoneofthemisanarchitect.（并列句）他有三個兒子，但沒有一個是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，whoarearchitects.（定語從句）他有三個兒子，他們都是建筑師。Hehasthreesons.Theyarearchitects.（兩個簡單句）他有三個兒子，他們都是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，andtheyarearchitects.（并列句）他有三個兒子，他們都是建筑師。

Ⅰ單句語法填空（用適當的關系詞）1.Thelittleproblems

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thenurse

wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Thisisthegreatestchallenge

we’veevermetwith.4.Thisisthecleverestman

Ihaveeverknown.5.Ihavepurchasedall

isnecessary.thatthat/who/whomthatthatthat6.Thegirlto

Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.7.Thenextquestion

IfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.8.MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlands

becamehissecondhome.9.Inanage

mobilephonesandtheInternetareeatingupmostofourtimeandenergy，onecanunderstandhowdifferentitistofocusattentionandenergyonstudies.10.Dr.Rowan，

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping.whomthatwhich/thatwhenwhose11.Thefrightenedboys

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.12.Wewalkedupamountaintoaridgefrom

wehadfantasticviews.13.Theonlypossessions

Jocouldseewereonebroom，afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.14.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome

Iwastakengoodcareofinthatremotevillage.15.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere

___________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.whowherethatwhenwhere16.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.17.Amongthemanydangers

sailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.18.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose

aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.19.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.20.Somestudentslackself-control，

reduceslearningefficiency.whosewhich/that/不填whothatwhichⅡ用適當的“（介詞+）關系詞”填空HereareagentsfromAmerica，someof

areouroldfriends.2.Someonebegandistributingfreefood，

causedacrowdtogather.3.SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai，________________

shehassomefriends.4.We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek，

wewon’tbesooccupiedwithourwork.5.Thesungivestheearthlightandheat，

areveryimportanttothelivingthings.whomwhichwhere/inwhichwhenwhich6.

isoftenthecase，hewaslateagainthismorning，

__________

madehisheadteacherannoyed.7.Theship，

theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent，wascalledtheMayflower.8.Hehaswrittenadetectivenovel，thename

Ihavecompletelyforgotten.9.Itisafamilyof8children，all

havegotaPhDinchemistry.10.LucywasabsentfromMrSmith’slectureyesterday，

shemadeanapologytohim.Aswhichonwhichofwhichofwhomforwhich11.Themoney，

heboughtthetelescope，wasgivenbyhisgrandfather.12.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork，

helpsthemkeepfit.13.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，__________theweathermaybebetter.14.OppositeisSt.Paul’sCathedral，

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.15.In1961theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，one________

purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.withwhichwhichwhenWhere/inwhichofwhoseⅢ完成句子1.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_________________________________

（那時我女兒能讀懂這本書）andknowmyfeelingsforher.2.Theoldtemple

（屋頂在一次暴風雨中被破壞了）isnowunderrepair.3.IwishtothankProfessorSmith，_____________________________

（沒有他的幫助）Iwouldneverhavegotthisfar.4.WhenIarrived，Bryantookmetoseethehouse____________________

（我要住的）.whenmydaughtercanreadthisbookwhoseroofwasdamagedinastormwithoutwhosehelpwhereIwouldlive5.Hewrotealetter

（在信中他解釋了發(fā)生的事情）intheaccident.6.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime

（他能獨立的時候）.7.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______________________

（我們在年初設定的）.8.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______________________（生活受到影響的人）.inwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedwhenheisabletobeindependentwhichwesetatthebeginningoftheyearwhoseliveswereaffected9.Hedidn’twinthechampionship，

（這一點是我沒預料到的）.10.Livingwithhostfamilies，

（家里或許住著）othercollegestudents，givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture.11.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic，

（它的男主角是世界聞名的）?12.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople，

___________________________（他們中大多數是健康的）.whichIhadn’texpectedwhere/inwhichtheremaybewhoseleadingactorisworld-famousmostofwhomarehealthy13.Tomydisappointment，hehasmadethesamemistakeagain，_________________________________（他還沒意識到這件事）.14.Thenumberofsmokers，

（正如報道的那樣），hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.15.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，

（沒有一個得到證實）.16.Myeldestson，

（他的工作讓他全世界到處跑），isinNewYorkatthemoment.ofwhichhehasn’tbecomeawareasisreportednoneofwhichhasbeenprovedwhoseworktakeshimallovertheworldⅣ語法填空（用適當的介詞、關系詞或連接詞）

Zigfried，alittlemouse，blewhisbreathonthewindowofthefarmhouseandrubbedittoseetheoutside.Itwasonlyafewdays1_______________

Christmasandhewaswatchingforamiracle（奇跡）.Thisfarmhousehadbeenemptylong，2

neededafamily.Hehadn’teatenanything3

yesterday.Hejumpedfromthewindowsill（窗沿），grabbedabag，andwentnextdoortoFarmerMike’s，4_______________thelittlemousehadenjoyedhimselfuntilthebeforewhichsincewherefarmermarriedawife5

hadacat.Helookedaroundcautiouslyashestoleintotheroomandwasquitenervousashefilledhisbagwithwheat.Hewasturningaroundtoleave6______________

suddenlyhefeltahotbreathabouthisear.Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat’spaws（爪子）.ThenextafternoonZigfriedheardthegoodnews7

anewfamilywouldbemovingintothefarmhousesoon.Beforelong，acarcameuptheroad，whichledtothehouse.ThisexcitedZigfried，8__________________

whowhenthat

whoseChristmasmiracledidarrive!Thehousecamealivethenextfewdays，9

Zigfriedenjoyedeverysinglehour.However，thedaybeforeChristmas，heheardthediscussionofthechildrenabout10________________theymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?Thesmilefrozeonhisface；hismouthfellwideopen.Afteralongwhile，heatlastfoundhisvoice，“Hey!WhoseChristmasmiracleisthis?”whenwhatLanguagepoints1NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.我剛開始了解英國人的溝通方式就到要回家的時候了。nosooner...than...一……就……（=hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...）主句通常用過去完成時，而than和when后的從句通常用一般過去時。當nosooner，hardly，scarcely，rarely位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝結構，從句不倒裝。Shehadnosoonersaiditthansheburstintotears.她剛一說完，淚水便奪眶而出。題組練·領悟方法NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhewasattractedbytheancientcity.他一抵達羅馬就被這個古城吸引了。HardlyhadIwalkedintotheroomwhenIfoundthatIhadleftmywalletintheshop.我一走進房間就發(fā)現我把錢包落在商店里了。ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhentherewasaloudknockonthedoor.我剛坐下就有人大聲敲門?！菊f明】“一……就……”的其他表達：atthesight/soundof...一看見/聽見……就……themoment/minute/instant/second（名詞用作連詞）+句子immediately/directly（副詞用作連詞）+句子assoonas一……就……（引導時間狀語從句）on/upon+n./v.-ing（介詞短語，表示“一……就……”，作時間狀語）Writetometheinstantyougettheresults.你一得到結果，就給我寫信。Iwenthomeimmediately/directlyIhadfinishedwork.我一干完活就回家了。On/Uponhearingthebell，hestooduptoreadaloud.一聽到鈴聲，他就站起來朗讀。單句語法填空（1）Upon

（graduate），shewasassignedtothepositionofthemanager.（2）On

（arrive）home，Idiscoveredtheyhadgone.（3）Nosoonerhadthefilmstararrivedattheairport

heattractedpeople’sattention.（4）Therewasaletterwaitingforhim

hisreturn.（5）Irememberedhername

（immediate）she’dgone.graduation/graduatingarrivingthan

on/uponimmediately（6）Hardlyhadsheseatedherself

sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.（7）Shewasfrightened

thesightofasnake.（8）Scarcelyhadthegamestarted

itbegantorain.（9）Ifellinlovewithyou

instantIsawyou.（10）Ismeltsmoke

（direct）Iwalkedintotheroom.whenatwhenthedirectly2Now，whenspeakingtoAmericans，whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle...現在，當我和偏愛直接風格的美國人說話時……preferencen.偏愛；偏愛的事物搭配

haveapreferencefor偏愛……givepreferenceto...優(yōu)先考慮……

Comparedwithabstractart，Ihaveapreferenceforrealisticart.與抽象藝術相比，我更喜歡現實主義藝術。Wegivepreferencetothosewhohaveagoodknowledgeoffirstaid.我們優(yōu)先考慮那些精通急救知識的人?！就卣埂縫refervt.（兩者之間）更喜歡搭配

prefertodo/doing...更喜歡做……preferAtoB喜歡A勝過喜歡Bpreferdoing...todoing...寧愿做……而不愿做……

=prefertodo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...

=woulddo...ratherthando... Whichdoyouprefer，teaorcoffee?你更喜歡哪一樣，茶還是咖啡？Doyouprefertoexerciseindoorsoroutdoors?你更喜歡室內還是室外鍛煉？Ipreferavoyagebyshiptoajourneybyplane.相比坐飛機，我更喜歡乘船旅行。Ipreferwalkingtheretogoingbybus.=Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.=Iwouldratherwalktherethangobybus.=Iwouldwalkthereratherthangobybus.我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿乘公共汽車。單句語法填空（1）Theprofessorpreferredgivinglecturestostudentsto_________

（invite）toattendmeetings.（2）Ratherthandriveallthewayeveryday，heprefers___________

（cycle）tohisoffice.（3）Mymotherwouldrathergotoworkthan

（stay）athome.（4）Peopledevelopa

（prefer）foraparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyage.beinginvitedtocyclestaypreference一句多譯（5）我寧愿騎自行車也不愿開車上班。Ipreferridingabiketodrivingtowork./Iprefertorideabikeratherthandrivetowork./I’dratherrideabikethandrivetowork./Iwouldrideabikeratherthandrivetowork.3Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam，please?你介意把果醬遞給我嗎？jam

n.果醬；擁擠，堵塞Ihadtwojamsandwiches.我吃了兩個果醬三明治。thetrafficjam交通阻塞完成句子Wegotstuckina___________________（交通堵塞）.trafficjam4...Ihadasomewhatbetterunderstandingofhowtocommunicateinbothcountries...……我對如何在兩國交流有了一些更好的理解……somewhatadv.有點，有幾分，稍微Thesituationhaschangedsomewhatsincewelastmet.自我們上次見面以來情況有些變化。完成句子Hehasbecome

（有點兒不耐煩）withthewoman.somewhatimpatient5Thosewhobreaktaboosarelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers...那些打破禁忌的人可能會感到難過或尷尬，即使他們沒有意圖傷害別人……

embarrassed

adj.窘迫的，尷尬的；拮據的搭配 be/feelembarrassedabout/at因……而感到尷尬/窘迫beembarrassedtodosth.尷尬/窘迫地做某事 Ifeltembarrassedaboutbeingteasedaboutmyheightinpublic.被當眾取笑身高，我感到很尷尬。Hewasembarrassedtoadmithavingmadeamistake.他尷尬地承認犯了一個錯誤?！就卣埂浚?）embarrassvt.使尷尬Herquestionsaboutmyprivatelifeembarrassedme.她詢問我的私生活使我感到很尷尬。（2）embarrassmentn.尷尬，難堪搭配：（much）toone’sembarrassment使某人（非常）尷尬的是Muchtoherembarrassment，shehadabigfallbeforemanypeople.令她十分尷尬的是，她在眾人面前摔了重重的一跤。（3）embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的；令人難堪的Thatwasanembarrassingsituationforme.對我來說，那是個令人尷尬的場面。單句語法填空（1）Iwastotally

（embarrass），forImistookastrangerformynewneighbour.（2）Itis

（embarrass）thathecan’tputforwardaspecificmethodtohandlethetoughproblem.（3）Muchtohis

（embarrass），heranoutofmoneywhenitwashisturntopaythebill.embarrassedembarrassingembarrassment單句語法填空（4）Hewasveryembarrassed

（hear）peoplespeaksohighlyofhim.（5）Youdon’thavetobeembarrassed

whathappened.（6）Afterherremarks，therewasan

（embarrass）silence，butshewasabletolaughitoff.tohearabout/atembarrassingintention

n.意圖，計劃搭配：withan/theintentionof抱有……的目的；打算……Thisprogramwassetupwithanintentionofprovidinghelptohomelesspeople.這個項目是為了幫助無家可歸的人而設立的。Ihavenointentionofgoingtothewedding.我無意去參加婚禮?！就卣埂縤ntendvt.打算，計劃，想要搭配

intendtodosth./doingsth.=beintendedtodosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事beintendedfor專供……使用；專為……而設計hadintendedtodo本打算做（而實際未做）intend（that）+從句打算……

Theyintendedtoinvesthugelyinnewtechnology.他們打算在新技術方面投入大量資金。Thecampaignisintendedtoeducatethepublictorespecttheenvironment.這一運動旨在教育公眾愛護環(huán)境。Thebookisintendedforspecialistsinlinguistics.這本書是專為語言學專家寫的?！菊f明】hadintendedtodosth.意為“本打算做某事”，表示過去未曾實現的愿望。有這種用法的詞還有plan，hope，think，expect，mean等。Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness，butabandonedthatplanlater.彼得原本想在商界找份工作，但是后來他放棄了那個計劃。單句語法填空（1）Thebookaswellastheflowerswasintended

mymother，butmyfatherthoughttheywereforhimandtookthem.（2）Ididn’tintendher

（see）thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.（3）I

（intend）tocome，butwaspreventedbythebadweather.（4）HeleftEnglandwiththe

（intend）oftravellinginAfrica.fortoseehadintendedintention單句語法填空（5）Themoneyisintended

thedevelopmentofthetouristindustry.（6）Theadvertisementsareintended

（improve）thecompany’simage.（7）HecametoBeijingwiththeintention

studyingChineseliterature.fortoimproveof6Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChinesewordwhichmeans“toseparate”.這是因為漢語中與“umbrella”對應的字聽起來像意為“分開”的另一個漢