2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 2 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT2

UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageLead-in1.Comparethefollowingrelativeclausesandtellthedifferencesinmeaning.(1)Theoldmanhasadaughterwhoisadoctor.(2)Theoldmanhasadaughter,whoisadoctor.Lead-inThefirstsentenceindicatesthatoldmanmayhavemorethanonedaughter.Andoneofthemisadoctor.Maybehestillhassomeotherdaughtersworkinginotherdifferentprofessions.However,thesecondsentencemeanstheoldmanhasonlyonedaughter,andthedaughterisadoctor.2.Comparethefollowingtwosentencesintermofstructureandmeaning.(1)IntheUK,punctualityisveryimportant,soyoushouldtrynottoarrivelate.(2)IntheUK,wherepunctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.Thetwosentencesexpressalmostthesamemeanings.Thefirstoneisacompoundsentence,anditemployscoordinatingconjunctionsotoconnecttwopartslogically.However,thesecondsentencecontainsanon-restrictiverelativeclause.Itusestherelativeadverbwheretomakethetwosentencesintoone.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausecanmakesentencesconciseandcoherent.Lead-in1.ReadthepersonalaccountandfinishPartAonPage20.ExploringtherulesRestrictiverelativeclauses…twocountriesthatareseparatedbyacommonlanguage.Thereweretimeswhenquestionslike“Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam,please?”…Non-restrictiverelativeclausesIspentonetermintheUK,wherethegreatestchallengewastheindirectmannerofspeaking.…acommonopinionis“It’snotbad”,whichusuallytranslatesas“It’sawful”.Now,whenspeakingtoAmericans,whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle…Asmyexperiencesclearlyshow,learningalanguageisjustthebeginning!2.ReadthepersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentonPage20andanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatisthepersonalaccountmainlyabout?(2)WhatisthedifferenceincommunicationstylesbetweentheUKandtheUSA?ThepersonalaccountismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweentheBritishandtheAmericancommunicationstyles.TheBritishpreferanindirectmannerofspeaking,whileAmericanslikethedirectstyle.Exploringtherules3.Havestudentsfinish“Workingouttherules”onPage20.Arestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiverelativeclausegives(2)___________(necessary/additional)informationaboutanoun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)___________(that/which)tointroduceit.Exploringtherules1.IntheUK,_______punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,______isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations_____________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,_____worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structures.wherewhichofwhichwhere/inwhichwhoExploringtherulesApplyingtherulesFinishB2onPage21.Answer1.a2.e3.d4.f5.bWhatothertaboosdoyouknowabout?Giveexamplesusingrelativeclauses.InJapan,bathroomslippers,whichareconsidereddirty,shouldalwaysremaininthebathroomonlyandnotbeworninanyotherroomofthehouse.InVietnam,peoplewhotouchsomeone’sheadorshouldersorpassitemsoversomeone’sheadareprobablynotfamiliarwithVietnamesecustoms.InBrazil,wherepurpleisusuallyworntoafuneralortomournthelossofalovedone,mostpeopleavoidwearingpurplebecauseitisbelievedtobedisrespectfulandunlucky.

Applyingtherules1.GothroughtheGrammarnotesonPages99–100.2.FinishPartBonPage63intheWorkbook.HomeworkGrammar限制性定語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)修飾、限定某一名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句常置于被修飾詞之后，且有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（1）關(guān)系代詞的用法※關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。TheotherdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.前幾天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。（作主語(yǔ)）Lucyisabeautifulandsmartgirl（who/whom）everyonewillenvy.露西是個(gè)人人都會(huì)羨慕的漂亮、聰明的女孩。（作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞可以省略）Thisisthetextbook（that/which）heislookingfor.這是他正在尋找的那本教材。（作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞可以省略）Weallthinktheyoungmanwhosefirstsciencefictionhasbeenpublishedisboundtobeagreatwriter.我們都認(rèn)為，那個(gè)第一部科幻小說(shuō)已經(jīng)出版的年輕人一定會(huì)成為一位偉大的作家。（作定語(yǔ)）（2）注意事項(xiàng)【誤區(qū)警示】oneof+the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+關(guān)系代詞who/which/that+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他（√）theonlyoneof+the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+關(guān)系代詞who/which/that+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他（√）Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavebeenpraisedbytheheadmaster.湯姆是受校長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。（who代替thestudents）Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoparticipatesinthediscussion.她是這些女孩中唯一一個(gè)參與這次討論的。（who代替theonlyone）②在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞who可以代替whom。如果關(guān)系代詞之前有介詞，則只能用whom。Sheisthegirl（who/whom）wehavebeenlookingfor.她就是我們一直在尋找的那個(gè)女孩。IshouldmakeanapologytothemanatwhomIyelledthismorning.我應(yīng)該向那個(gè)人道歉，今天早晨我向他大嚷大叫了。Itisaremotebordertownwhosename（=thenameofwhich/ofwhichthename）Ihaveforgotten.那是一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的邊境小鎮(zhèn)，名字我忘了。Heisashallowthinkerwhoseopinions（=theopinionsofwhom/ofwhomtheopinions）aren’tworthmuch.他是個(gè)膚淺的人，他的意見(jiàn)沒(méi)有多大價(jià)值。Theastronautwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourschool.我們大家都熟悉的那位宇航員將來(lái)參觀我們學(xué)校。ThisisthecombonwhichMaryspentfivedollars.這就是瑪麗花5美元買(mǎi)的那把梳子?！緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】介詞的確定主要取決于三個(gè)原則：一先二動(dòng)三意義——一先是與先行詞的搭配；二動(dòng)是與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配；三意義是上下文意義表達(dá)的需要。【誤區(qū)警示】如果從句的謂語(yǔ)是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而且搭配固定、密切，介詞不宜拆開(kāi)提前。Thosearetherequirements（which/that）wecan’tputupwith.那些是我們不能忍受的條件。（3）宜用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)。All（that）thegraduatelacksispractice.那位畢業(yè)生缺少的是實(shí)踐。Thereisnothing（that）Icandoforyou.我無(wú)能為力，不能幫你。②當(dāng)先行詞被no，all，any，（the）only，（the）very，few，little，much等修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)。Thisistheonlyskirt（that）Ihave.這是我僅有的一條裙子。Thereisnopersonthatisrelevanttothecase.沒(méi)有與此案件相關(guān)的人。③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)。Thisisthemosthorriblestory（that）Ihaveeverheard.Iamalmostscaredtodeath.這是我曾聽(tīng)過(guò)的最驚悚的故事。我差點(diǎn)被嚇?biāo)懒恕！緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】一旦先行詞或其前的修飾語(yǔ)表達(dá)了“獨(dú)一無(wú)二”的概念、全部概念、完全否定概念時(shí)，原則上不能使用關(guān)系代詞which，因?yàn)閣hich還可用作疑問(wèn)代詞，表示“哪一個(gè)”，多少還保留著“選擇”的意味。theonly表示“唯一”，everything表示“所有的東西”，none表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”，這些不能選擇或者無(wú)法選擇，那么which最好就不要用了。④當(dāng)并列的兩個(gè)先行詞（分別表示人和物時(shí)）被同一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。Shetookphotosofthepeopleandanimals（that）shewasinterestedin.她給她感興趣的人和動(dòng)物拍了照。⑤主句是以who，which等開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)。Whowasthepersonthathelpedthegirlout?幫助那個(gè)女孩擺脫困境的人是誰(shuí)？⑥當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that。Yourdiseaseisnotthecasethatitusedtobe.你的病已經(jīng)不是過(guò)去的情況了。二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（1）關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞可以根據(jù)句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Thetimewhen（=atwhich）wegottogetherfinallycame.我們聚會(huì)的時(shí)間終于到了。Thedaywillcomewhen（=onwhich）we’llmeetagain.我們?cè)俅我?jiàn)面的日子將要到了。Shanghaiisthecitywhere（=inwhich）hewasborn.上海是他出生的城市。Pleasetellmethereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedivorcedhiswife.請(qǐng)告訴我，他為什么跟他妻子離婚。（2）注意事項(xiàng)①time作先行詞時(shí)，如果前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾，原則上不用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，要用that或省略不用。如果time之前無(wú)序數(shù)詞或last修飾，則when和that都可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thelasttime（that）Iheardfromhimwasin2013.我上一次收到他的信是在2013年。②當(dāng)先行詞是表示方式的theway時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句不能用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that或inwhich，或省略不用。Weadmiretheway（that/inwhich）hesolvedtheproblem.我們欣賞他解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方式。Idon’tliketheway（that/inwhich）youspoketoher.我不喜歡你跟她說(shuō)話的方式?！緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】（1）對(duì)于關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇，同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分，看從句中缺少什么成分，如果從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則考慮關(guān)系代詞；若缺少狀語(yǔ)，則考慮關(guān)系副詞。（2）一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如case，position，stage（階段），situation，point等作先行詞時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則常用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞which，who，whom，whose，as；關(guān)系副詞when，where等。Tomwasalwayslateforschool，whichmadehisteacherannoyed.湯姆上學(xué)總是遲到，這令他的老師很生氣。OurgraduationceremonywillbeheldinJuly，whenwe’llsaygoodbyetoourteachers.我們的畢業(yè)典禮將于7月份舉行，到那時(shí)我們就要跟老師們道別了。Henryhasbeenrecommendedasourmonitor，asyoumayknow.正如你可能知道的那樣，亨利已被推薦當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。二as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【拓展】as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞常被thesame，such等修飾。as在從句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。SuchcoursesasarerecommendedbyMrSmithareoptional.史密斯先生推薦的這些課程是選修的。（作主語(yǔ)）ThisisthesameearphoneasIpurchasedonline.這個(gè)耳機(jī)和我在網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)的一樣。（作賓語(yǔ)）三使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)（1）that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who，whom指代人，用which指代物。MrSmith，whoismyfriend，resignedlastyear.史密斯先生是我的朋友，他去年辭職了。（2）當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句TheGreatWall，whichiscalledinChinese“TheTen-Thousand-LiGreatWall”，isveryfamousintheworld.長(zhǎng)城，中國(guó)人稱“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”，在世界上非常出名。Thisismyvideophone，whichwasboughtyesterday.這是我的可視電話，是昨天買(mǎi)的。（3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容Heisshallow，whichisknowntousallinourcompany.他很膚淺，我們公司的人都知道。Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages，whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個(gè)5歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)，這令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝。（4）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表原因時(shí)，不用why引導(dǎo)，而用forwhich代替whyWecouldnotgivethereason，forwhichsomanypeoplewereinfavourofthedraft.我們無(wú)法解釋?zhuān)瑸槭裁催@么多人支持這項(xiàng)草案。（5）先行詞是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Thesun，whichrisesintheeast，givesuslightandheat.太陽(yáng)從東方升起，給我們帶來(lái)光和熱。四限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別五分隔式定語(yǔ)從句通常情況下，定語(yǔ)從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時(shí)為了保持句子平衡，定語(yǔ)從句也可與其修飾的先行詞分離，這稱為分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。Thetimecameatlastwhenwewenttoparticipateinourgraduationceremony.我們?nèi)⒓赢厴I(yè)典禮的時(shí)間終于到了。Thewarbrokeoutwhichlasted20yearsinall.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，一共持續(xù)了20年。六關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇七關(guān)系代詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇Hehasthreesons，noneofwhomisanarchitect.（定語(yǔ)從句）他有三個(gè)兒子，沒(méi)有一個(gè)是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，butnoneofthemisanarchitect.（并列句）他有三個(gè)兒子，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，whoarearchitects.（定語(yǔ)從句）他有三個(gè)兒子，他們都是建筑師。Hehasthreesons.Theyarearchitects.（兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句）他有三個(gè)兒子，他們都是建筑師。Hehasthreesons，andtheyarearchitects.（并列句）他有三個(gè)兒子，他們都是建筑師。

Ⅰ單句語(yǔ)法填空（用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞）1.Thelittleproblems

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thenurse

wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Thisisthegreatestchallenge

we’veevermetwith.4.Thisisthecleverestman

Ihaveeverknown.5.Ihavepurchasedall

isnecessary.thatthat/who/whomthatthatthat6.Thegirlto

Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.7.Thenextquestion

IfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.8.MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlands

becamehissecondhome.9.Inanage

mobilephonesandtheInternetareeatingupmostofourtimeandenergy，onecanunderstandhowdifferentitistofocusattentionandenergyonstudies.10.Dr.Rowan，

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping.whomthatwhich/thatwhenwhose11.Thefrightenedboys

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.12.Wewalkedupamountaintoaridgefrom

wehadfantasticviews.13.Theonlypossessions

Jocouldseewereonebroom，afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.14.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome

Iwastakengoodcareofinthatremotevillage.15.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere

___________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.whowherethatwhenwhere16.Ilivenextdoortoacouple

childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.17.Amongthemanydangers

sailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.18.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose

aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.19.Pleasesendusalltheinformation

youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.20.Somestudentslackself-control，

reduceslearningefficiency.whosewhich/that/不填whothatwhichⅡ用適當(dāng)?shù)摹埃ń樵~+）關(guān)系詞”填空HereareagentsfromAmerica，someof

areouroldfriends.2.Someonebegandistributingfreefood，

causedacrowdtogather.3.SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai，________________

shehassomefriends.4.We’llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek，

wewon’tbesooccupiedwithourwork.5.Thesungivestheearthlightandheat，

areveryimportanttothelivingthings.whomwhichwhere/inwhichwhenwhich6.

isoftenthecase，hewaslateagainthismorning，

__________

madehisheadteacherannoyed.7.Theship，

theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent，wascalledtheMayflower.8.Hehaswrittenadetectivenovel，thename

Ihavecompletelyforgotten.9.Itisafamilyof8children，all

havegotaPhDinchemistry.10.LucywasabsentfromMrSmith’slectureyesterday，

shemadeanapologytohim.Aswhichonwhichofwhichofwhomforwhich11.Themoney，

heboughtthetelescope，wasgivenbyhisgrandfather.12.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork，

helpsthemkeepfit.13.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，__________theweathermaybebetter.14.OppositeisSt.Paul’sCathedral，

youcanhearsomelovelymusic.15.In1961theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，one________

purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.withwhichwhichwhenWhere/inwhichofwhoseⅢ完成句子1.Iamlookingforwardtotheday_________________________________

（那時(shí)我女兒能讀懂這本書(shū)）andknowmyfeelingsforher.2.Theoldtemple

（屋頂在一次暴風(fēng)雨中被破壞了）isnowunderrepair.3.IwishtothankProfessorSmith，_____________________________

（沒(méi)有他的幫助）Iwouldneverhavegotthisfar.4.WhenIarrived，Bryantookmetoseethehouse____________________

（我要住的）.whenmydaughtercanreadthisbookwhoseroofwasdamagedinastormwithoutwhosehelpwhereIwouldlive5.Hewrotealetter

（在信中他解釋了發(fā)生的事情）intheaccident.6.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily，Alexisalwayslongingforthetime

（他能獨(dú)立的時(shí)候）.7.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______________________

（我們?cè)谀瓿踉O(shè)定的）.8.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______________________（生活受到影響的人）.inwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedwhenheisabletobeindependentwhichwesetatthebeginningoftheyearwhoseliveswereaffected9.Hedidn’twinthechampionship，

（這一點(diǎn)是我沒(méi)預(yù)料到的）.10.Livingwithhostfamilies，

（家里或許住著）othercollegestudents，givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture.11.HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic，

（它的男主角是世界聞名的）?12.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople，

___________________________（他們中大多數(shù)是健康的）.whichIhadn’texpectedwhere/inwhichtheremaybewhoseleadingactorisworld-famousmostofwhomarehealthy13.Tomydisappointment，hehasmadethesamemistakeagain，_________________________________（他還沒(méi)意識(shí)到這件事）.14.Thenumberofsmokers，

（正如報(bào)道的那樣），hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.15.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，

（沒(méi)有一個(gè)得到證實(shí)）.16.Myeldestson，

（他的工作讓他全世界到處跑），isinNewYorkatthemoment.ofwhichhehasn’tbecomeawareasisreportednoneofwhichhasbeenprovedwhoseworktakeshimallovertheworldⅣ語(yǔ)法填空（用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、關(guān)系詞或連接詞）

Zigfried，alittlemouse，blewhisbreathonthewindowofthefarmhouseandrubbedittoseetheoutside.Itwasonlyafewdays1_______________

Christmasandhewaswatchingforamiracle（奇跡）.Thisfarmhousehadbeenemptylong，2

neededafamily.Hehadn’teatenanything3

yesterday.Hejumpedfromthewindowsill（窗沿），grabbedabag，andwentnextdoortoFarmerMike’s，4_______________thelittlemousehadenjoyedhimselfuntilthebeforewhichsincewherefarmermarriedawife5

hadacat.Helookedaroundcautiouslyashestoleintotheroomandwasquitenervousashefilledhisbagwithwheat.Hewasturningaroundtoleave6______________

suddenlyhefeltahotbreathabouthisear.Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat’spaws（爪子）.ThenextafternoonZigfriedheardthegoodnews7

anewfamilywouldbemovingintothefarmhousesoon.Beforelong，acarcameuptheroad，whichledtothehouse.ThisexcitedZigfried，8__________________

whowhenthat

whoseChristmasmiracledidarrive!Thehousecamealivethenextfewdays，9

Zigfriedenjoyedeverysinglehour.However，thedaybeforeChristmas，heheardthediscussionofthechildrenabout10________________theymightgetforChristmas.What?Acat?Thesmilefrozeonhisface；hismouthfellwideopen.Afteralongwhile，heatlastfoundhisvoice，“Hey!WhoseChristmasmiracleisthis?”whenwhatLanguagepoints1NosoonerhadIbeguntounderstandhowBritishpeoplecommunicatethanitwastimetoheadbackhome.我剛開(kāi)始了解英國(guó)人的溝通方式就到要回家的時(shí)候了。nosooner...than...一……就……（=hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...）主句通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而than和when后的從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當(dāng)nosooner，hardly，scarcely，rarely位于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，從句不倒裝。Shehadnosoonersaiditthansheburstintotears.她剛一說(shuō)完，淚水便奪眶而出。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法NosoonerhadhearrivedinRomethanhewasattractedbytheancientcity.他一抵達(dá)羅馬就被這個(gè)古城吸引了。HardlyhadIwalkedintotheroomwhenIfoundthatIhadleftmywalletintheshop.我一走進(jìn)房間就發(fā)現(xiàn)我把錢(qián)包落在商店里了。ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhentherewasaloudknockonthedoor.我剛坐下就有人大聲敲門(mén)。【說(shuō)明】“一……就……”的其他表達(dá)：atthesight/soundof...一看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)……就……themoment/minute/instant/second（名詞用作連詞）+句子immediately/directly（副詞用作連詞）+句子assoonas一……就……（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）on/upon+n./v.-ing（介詞短語(yǔ)，表示“一……就……”，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Writetometheinstantyougettheresults.你一得到結(jié)果，就給我寫(xiě)信。Iwenthomeimmediately/directlyIhadfinishedwork.我一干完活就回家了。On/Uponhearingthebell，hestooduptoreadaloud.一聽(tīng)到鈴聲，他就站起來(lái)朗讀。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Upon

（graduate），shewasassignedtothepositionofthemanager.（2）On

（arrive）home，Idiscoveredtheyhadgone.（3）Nosoonerhadthefilmstararrivedattheairport

heattractedpeople’sattention.（4）Therewasaletterwaitingforhim

hisreturn.（5）Irememberedhername

（immediate）she’dgone.graduation/graduatingarrivingthan

on/uponimmediately（6）Hardlyhadsheseatedherself

sheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.（7）Shewasfrightened

thesightofasnake.（8）Scarcelyhadthegamestarted

itbegantorain.（9）Ifellinlovewithyou

instantIsawyou.（10）Ismeltsmoke

（direct）Iwalkedintotheroom.whenatwhenthedirectly2Now，whenspeakingtoAmericans，whohaveapreferenceforthedirectstyle...現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我和偏愛(ài)直接風(fēng)格的美國(guó)人說(shuō)話時(shí)……preferencen.偏愛(ài)；偏愛(ài)的事物搭配

haveapreferencefor偏愛(ài)……givepreferenceto...優(yōu)先考慮……

Comparedwithabstractart，Ihaveapreferenceforrealisticart.與抽象藝術(shù)相比，我更喜歡現(xiàn)實(shí)主義藝術(shù)。Wegivepreferencetothosewhohaveagoodknowledgeoffirstaid.我們優(yōu)先考慮那些精通急救知識(shí)的人?！就卣埂縫refervt.（兩者之間）更喜歡搭配

prefertodo/doing...更喜歡做……preferAtoB喜歡A勝過(guò)喜歡Bpreferdoing...todoing...寧愿做……而不愿做……

=prefertodo...ratherthando...=wouldratherdo...thando...

=woulddo...ratherthando... Whichdoyouprefer，teaorcoffee?你更喜歡哪一樣，茶還是咖啡？Doyouprefertoexerciseindoorsoroutdoors?你更喜歡室內(nèi)還是室外鍛煉？Ipreferavoyagebyshiptoajourneybyplane.相比坐飛機(jī)，我更喜歡乘船旅行。Ipreferwalkingtheretogoingbybus.=Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.=Iwouldratherwalktherethangobybus.=Iwouldwalkthereratherthangobybus.我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿乘公共汽車(chē)。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Theprofessorpreferredgivinglecturestostudentsto_________

（invite）toattendmeetings.（2）Ratherthandriveallthewayeveryday，heprefers___________

（cycle）tohisoffice.（3）Mymotherwouldrathergotoworkthan

（stay）athome.（4）Peopledevelopa

（prefer）foraparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyage.beinginvitedtocyclestaypreference一句多譯（5）我寧愿騎自行車(chē)也不愿開(kāi)車(chē)上班。Ipreferridingabiketodrivingtowork./Iprefertorideabikeratherthandrivetowork./I’dratherrideabikethandrivetowork./Iwouldrideabikeratherthandrivetowork.3Wouldyoumindpassingmethejam，please?你介意把果醬遞給我嗎？jam

n.果醬；擁擠，堵塞Ihadtwojamsandwiches.我吃了兩個(gè)果醬三明治。thetrafficjam交通阻塞完成句子Wegotstuckina___________________（交通堵塞）.trafficjam4...Ihadasomewhatbetterunderstandingofhowtocommunicateinbothcountries...……我對(duì)如何在兩國(guó)交流有了一些更好的理解……somewhatadv.有點(diǎn)，有幾分，稍微Thesituationhaschangedsomewhatsincewelastmet.自我們上次見(jiàn)面以來(lái)情況有些變化。完成句子Hehasbecome

（有點(diǎn)兒不耐煩）withthewoman.somewhatimpatient5Thosewhobreaktaboosarelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers...那些打破禁忌的人可能會(huì)感到難過(guò)或?qū)擂危词顾麄儧](méi)有意圖傷害別人……

embarrassed

adj.窘迫的，尷尬的；拮據(jù)的搭配 be/feelembarrassedabout/at因……而感到尷尬/窘迫beembarrassedtodosth.尷尬/窘迫地做某事 Ifeltembarrassedaboutbeingteasedaboutmyheightinpublic.被當(dāng)眾取笑身高，我感到很尷尬。Hewasembarrassedtoadmithavingmadeamistake.他尷尬地承認(rèn)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。【拓展】（1）embarrassvt.使尷尬Herquestionsaboutmyprivatelifeembarrassedme.她詢問(wèn)我的私生活使我感到很尷尬。（2）embarrassmentn.尷尬，難堪搭配：（much）toone’sembarrassment使某人（非常）尷尬的是Muchtoherembarrassment，shehadabigfallbeforemanypeople.令她十分尷尬的是，她在眾人面前摔了重重的一跤。（3）embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的；令人難堪的Thatwasanembarrassingsituationforme.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，那是個(gè)令人尷尬的場(chǎng)面。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Iwastotally

（embarrass），forImistookastrangerformynewneighbour.（2）Itis

（embarrass）thathecan’tputforwardaspecificmethodtohandlethetoughproblem.（3）Muchtohis

（embarrass），heranoutofmoneywhenitwashisturntopaythebill.embarrassedembarrassingembarrassment單句語(yǔ)法填空（4）Hewasveryembarrassed

（hear）peoplespeaksohighlyofhim.（5）Youdon’thavetobeembarrassed

whathappened.（6）Afterherremarks，therewasan

（embarrass）silence，butshewasabletolaughitoff.tohearabout/atembarrassingintention

n.意圖，計(jì)劃搭配：withan/theintentionof抱有……的目的；打算……Thisprogramwassetupwithanintentionofprovidinghelptohomelesspeople.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是為了幫助無(wú)家可歸的人而設(shè)立的。Ihavenointentionofgoingtothewedding.我無(wú)意去參加婚禮?！就卣埂縤ntendvt.打算，計(jì)劃，想要搭配

intendtodosth./doingsth.=beintendedtodosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事beintendedfor專(zhuān)供……使用；專(zhuān)為……而設(shè)計(jì)hadintendedtodo本打算做（而實(shí)際未做）intend（that）+從句打算……

Theyintendedtoinvesthugelyinnewtechnology.他們打算在新技術(shù)方面投入大量資金。Thecampaignisintendedtoeducatethepublictorespecttheenvironment.這一運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在教育公眾愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境。Thebookisintendedforspecialistsinlinguistics.這本書(shū)是專(zhuān)為語(yǔ)言學(xué)專(zhuān)家寫(xiě)的?！菊f(shuō)明】hadintendedtodosth.意為“本打算做某事”，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。有這種用法的詞還有plan，hope，think，expect，mean等。Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness，butabandonedthatplanlater.彼得原本想在商界找份工作，但是后來(lái)他放棄了那個(gè)計(jì)劃。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thebookaswellastheflowerswasintended

mymother，butmyfatherthoughttheywereforhimandtookthem.（2）Ididn’tintendher

（see）thepaintinguntilitwasfinished.（3）I

（intend）tocome，butwaspreventedbythebadweather.（4）HeleftEnglandwiththe

（intend）oftravellinginAfrica.fortoseehadintendedintention單句語(yǔ)法填空（5）Themoneyisintended

thedevelopmentofthetouristindustry.（6）Theadvertisementsareintended

（improve）thecompany’simage.（7）HecametoBeijingwiththeintention

studyingChineseliterature.fortoimproveof6Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChinesewordwhichmeans“toseparate”.這是因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中與“umbrella”對(duì)應(yīng)的字聽(tīng)起來(lái)像意為“分開(kāi)”的另一個(gè)漢