北京大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題2003年

2003年北京大學(xué)博士生入學(xué)考試真題PartⅠStructureandWrittenExpressionDirections:Ineachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PuttheletterofyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.1.Recognizingtheshortageoftimeavailabletospendwiththeirchildren,working,motherssometimestake______intheconceptof"qualitytime".A.refugeB.prideC.placeD.action2.Theterm"NewAustralians"cameintovogueinthe50sand60s,whichimpliedthatthegoalofimmigrationwasassimilationandthatmigrantswouldplacetheirnew-foundAustralianidentityaheadofthe______contextfromwhichtheyhadcome.A.athleticB.ethicC.aestheticD.ethnic3.Scholarshipsaretoofewto______thehigh-schoolgraduateswhodeserveacollegeeducation.A.meetB.accommodateC.compromiseD.adopt4.Thestudyshowsthatlayingtoomuchemphasisonexamsislikelyto______students'enthusiasminlearningEnglish.A.holdbackB.holdoffC.holddownD.holdover5.Therobbertriedto______thestolengoodsfromthehousehehadbrokeninto,butwascaughtbytheguards.A.makeawaywithB.makeoffforC.getoutD.getthrough6.TheeditorssaidtheymustreporttotheworldhowBeijinghas______pollutionandimprovedthequalityoftheenvironment.A.cutupB.cutoffC.cutdownD.cutout7.Ifdrugabuse,prostitution,pollution,environmentaldecay,socialinequality,andthelike______,moreisrequiredthananincreasedpolicepresenceorafreshcoatofpaint.A.aretoeliminateB.areeliminatedC.aretobeeliminatedD.arebeingeliminated8.Thistoothedwhalehasalarge,squareheadwith______theso-calledspermaceti.A.cavitytocontainB.cavitycontainingC.thecavityforcontainingD.acavitythatcontains9.______,themarketwillhavetoovercomesomeofthehighesthurdles.It'sseeninalongtime.A.ButtohappeninthatorderB.ButforthatinordertohappenC.ButinorderthattohappenD.Butinorderforthattohappen10.Withitsanti-terrorismcampaigntaking______overanythingelse,thegovernmentisextendingitsjobandrunninginmoreaffairs.A.superiorityB.priorityC.majorityD.polarity11.Thegapbetweenthoseatthelowestlevelandthoseatthehighestlevelofincomehasincreased______,andiscontinuingtoincrease.A.substantiallyB.successfullyC.succinctlyD.sufficiently12.China'seconomicreformisaimedatseparatingenterprisesfromthegovernment.Ithasbeenimplementedforalmost20years,butbreakthroughs______.A.havebeenmadeyetB.haveyettomakeC.haveyettobemadeD.tohaveyetmade13.Severaltrialeffortsinthe1980sprovedthatitwasfinancially______torestoreoldbuildings.A.feasibleB.probableC.beneficiaryD.passable14.Unlovedandunwantedyoungstersmaybetemptedtorunawayfromhometoescapetheirproblems,______biggeronesincitiesplaguedwithcrime,drugs,andimmorality.A.haveonlyfoundB.onlyfindingC.onlyfoundD.onlytofind15.Ifthestruggleforasustainablesociety_____,wemusthavesomevisionofwhatweareaimingfor.A.istosucceedB.hassucceededC.succeedsD.succeeded16.Atrap_____disguiseiswhathascometobecalledaTrojanHorse,fromtheancientstoryofthegiftofthewoodenhorsefromtheGreeks.A.offeredasagiftinB.offersagiftinC.offeringagifttoD.offeredagiftof17.Telecommutingisanewformofwork_____towork,suchasfatherswithchildren,thechancetoworkwhileremainingathome.A.thataffordingthoseunablepreviouslyB.affordsthosewhowerepreviouslyunableC.affordingthosepreviouslyunableD.affordedthosepreviouslyunable18._____thepassageoflight,manynewplasticsareprocessedusingtechnologiesrivalingthoseusedinthemanufactureofcomputerchips.A.ForthebetterofB.PermittingbetterC.TobetterpermitD.Itisbetterfor19.TheFlowerMarketinSanFranciscois_____,anditwasestablishedinthe1930's.A.homeofthesecondlargestflowermarketinthecountryB.hometothecountry'ssecondlargestflowermarketC.thesecondflowermarketinthecountry'shomeD.thehometothesecondcountry'slargeflowermarket20.Theloyaltyofdogstotheirmastershasearned_____"man'sbestfriend".A.thenicknameofB.themthenicknameC.anicknameD.nicknamesPartⅡReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)PassageOne(1)GeraldFeinberg,theColumbia(2)Itwasapointworthconsidering.Howmanytimesinthepasthadcertainthingsbeensaidtobeimpossible,onlytohaveitturnoutshortlythereafterthattheiteminquestionhadalreadybeendoneorsoonwouldbe.Whatgreaterclichewasthereinthehistoryofsciencethanthecomiclitanyoffalseit-couldn't-be-dones;theinfamouscaseofAugusteComtesayingin1844thatitwouldneverbeknownwhatthestarsweremadeof,followedinafewyearsbythespectroscopebeingappliedtostarlighttorevealthestars'chemicalcomposition;orthecaseofLordRutherford,themanwhodiscoveredthestructureoftheatom,sayingin1933matdreamsofcontrollednuclearfissionwere"moonshine."Andthoseweren'teventheworstexamples.No,thehuffiestofallit-couldn't-be-doneclaimscenteredonthenotionthathumanbeingscouldactuallyfly,eitheratall,oracrosslongdistances,ortothemoon,thestars,orwhereverelse.(3)Therehadbeensomanyembarrassmentsofthistypethataboutmid-centuryArthurC.Clarkecameoutwithaguidelineforavoidingthem,whichhetermedClarke'sLaw:"Whenadistinguishedbutelderlyscientiststatesthatsomethingispossible,heisalmostcertainlyright.Whenhestatesthatsomethingisimpossible,heisveryprobablywrong."(4)Still,onehadtoadmittherewerelotsofthingsleftthatwerereallyandtrulyimpossible,evenifittooksomeingenuityincomingupwithaproperlistofexamples.Suchas."Acamelcannotpassthroughtheeyeofaneedle."(Well,unlessofcourseitwasaverylargeneedle.)On"Itisimpossibleforadoortobesimultaneouslyopenandclosed."(Well,unlessofcourseitwasarevolvingdoor.)(5)Indeed,watertightexamplesofthereallyandtrulyimpossibleweresoexceptionallyhardtocomebythatparadigmcasesturnedouttobeeithertrivialorabsurd."IknowIwillneverplaythepianolikeVladimirHorowitz,"offeredMiltonRothman,aphysicist,"nomatterhowhardItry".Or,fromScottLankford,amountaineer"Everestonrollerskates."21.Thefalseit-couldn't-be-donesinsciencearecomicbecause______.A.theyarecliches,repeatedtoooftenbyscientistsB.theyarealmostalwaysprovedtobewrongbylaterscientificresearchC.theyaremockedatbylatergenerationsD.theyprovidematerialforgoodcomedies22.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Theauthorusesthecaseofacamelpassingthroughtheeyeofaneedletoprovehispointthattherearethingsimpossibletoaccomplish.B.Thatascientistcannotplaythepianolikeoneofthebestpianistsisnotaproperillustrationtoprovethatinsciencetherearethingsimpossibletoaccomplish.C.ScottLankfordchallengestheideathatmountaineerscanneverclimbtheEverestonrollerskates.D.Peoplenowlaughattheirpredecessorsfordenyingthepossibilityofhumanflight.23.Throughthispassage,theauthorwantsto______.A.showusthatscientistsinthepastyearshavemadealotofmisjudgmentsB.praisethosescientistswhodaredtochallengetheimpossibleC.emphasizethegreatpotentialofthescientificresearchmadebyhumanbeingsD.analyzewhatispossibleandwhatisimpossiblethroughscientificeffortsPassageTwo(1)Sincethelineageofinvestigativejournalismismostdirectlytraceabletotheprogressiveeraoftheearly1900's,itisnotsurprisingthatthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesatthetimewasamongthefirsttoarticulateitspoliticaldimensions.TheodoreRooseveltcalledinvestigativereporters"muckrakers,"afteracharacterfromJohnBunyan'sPilgrim'sProgresswhohumblycleaned"thefilthoffthefloor."Despitethemisgivingsimpliedbythecomparison,Rooseveltsawthemuckrakersas"oftenindispensabletothewell-beingofsociety".(2)Thereareinthebodypolitic,economicandsocial,manyandgraveevils,andthereisurgentnecessityforthesternestwaruponthem.Thereshouldberelentlessexposureofandattackuponeveryevilman,whetherpoliticianorbusinessman.(3)Rooseveltrecognizedthevalue-ladencharacterofinvestigativejournalism.Heperceivedcorrectlythatinvestigativereportersarecommittedtounearthingwrongdoing.Forthesejournalists,disclosuresofmorallyoutrageousconductmaximizetheopportunityfortheforcesof"good"torecognizeanddobattlewiththeforcesof"evil".(4)So,thecurrentfolkloresurroundinginvestigativereportingcloselyresemblestheAmericanidealofpopulardemocracy.Partlyaproductofitsmuckrakingroots,thisidealizedperspectiveisalsoanoutgrowthofthecommonlyperceivedeffectsofexposespublishedintheearly1970's.ThemostcelebratedoftheseexposeswerethenewsstoriesthatlinkedtopWhiteHouseofficialstoWatergatecrimes.Thesestorieswerewidelyheldresponsibleforthepublic'slossofconfidenceintheNixonadministration,ultimatelyforcingthePresident'sresignation.24.Whentheauthortalksaboutthepoliticaldimensionsoftheinvestigativejournalismherefersto______.A.JohnBunyan'sPilgrim'sProgressandoneofitscharacters"Muckrakers"B.itsfunctionofcleaningthedirtoffthefloorinpublicplacesC.itsrelentlessexposuresofpoliticalandsocialevilsD.itsindispensablestatustothewell-beingofsociety25.Roosevelt'scomparisonofinvestigativereportersto"muckrakers"showshisviewthatthesereporters______.A.weretreatedlowlyinthesocietyB.reducedjournalismtoahumblejobC.shouldbepraisedhighlyfortheircontributionstothesocietyD.didunpleasantbutnecessarywork26.Byusingtheword"folklore",theauthorsuggeststhat______.A.peopletendtoromanticizewhatisthoughttobeAmericanpopulardemocracyB.investigativejournalismenhancesdemocracyandfreedomC.peopleoftencirculatethestoriestheyreadfrominvestigativereportsD.investigativereportshavedifficultyinconvincingpeopleastruth27.TheWatergateincidentismentionedtoshow______.A.journalismhasatangibleeffectonpoliticsB.theWatergateincidentisanabuseofthepoliticalpowerC.journalismsubvertslegitimatepoliticalpowerD.thevictoryofAmericanfreedomofspeechPassageThree(1)Viewedfromastarinsomeothercornerofthegalaxy,Earthwouldbeaspeck,afaintbluedothiddenintheblazinglightofoursun.WhileourneighborsVenusandMarswouldreflectafairlyevenglow.Earthwouldputonalittleshow.Earth'slightwouldbrightenanddimasitspins,becauseoceans,deserts,forestsandcloudswhicharealltoosmalltobeseenfromsuchadistance,reflectvaryingamountsofsunlight.Thevariations,itturnsout,aresostronganddistinctivethatsurprisingamountofinformationcouldbetakenfromasimpleebbandflowoflight.ScientistsatPrinceton(2)"Ifyoulookedatoursolarsystemfromfaraway,andyoulookedattheterrestrialplanetsMercury,Venus,EarthandMars,oneofthequickestwaystoseethatEarthisunique,whichisbylookingatthelightcurve,"saidEdTurner,professorofastrophysicsandaco-authorofthestudy."Earthhasbyfarthemostcomplicatedlightcurve."ThestandardthinkinginthefieldhadbeenthatmostoftheinformationaboutanEarth-likeplanetwouldcomefromspectralanalysis,astaticreadingoftherelativecomponentofdifferentcolorswithinthelight,ratherthanareadingofchangesovertime.Spectralanalysiswouldrevealthepresenceofgasessuchaswatervapor,carbondioxideandoxygen,intheplanet'satmosphere.Lookingatthechangeinlightovertimedoesnotreplacespectralanalysis,butitcouldgreatlyincreasetheamountofinformationscientistscouldlearn,saidTurner.Itmayindicate,forexample,thepresenceofweather,oceans,iceorevenplantlife.28."Earthwouldputonalittleshow"means:asitspins,______.A.EarthisamoreactiveplanetthanVenusandMarsB.EarthreflectsabrighterlightcurvethanVenusandMarsC.Earthshowsoceans,deserts,forestsandclouds,whileVenusandMarsdon'tD.Earthreflectssunlightinanebb-and-flowmanner29.SpectralreadingofthelightreflectedbyanEarth-likeplanet______.A.cantellusthecomponentsofthatplanet'satmosphereB.canlocateoceansandforestsonthatplanetC.canshowwhattheweatheronthatplanetislikeD.isthequickestwaytostudyitslightcurve30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.ScientistsatthePrincetonB.AmongalltheterrestrialplanetsEarth'slightcurveisthemostcomplicated.C.Spectralstudyofthelightwillseenodevelopmentofitselfbecauseitisstatic.D.Spectralreadingisusedasasupplementarymethodtothestudyofthechangeinlightovertime.SectionBDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(15%)(31)Acoupleofmonthsago,Singaporeanofficialsunintentionallymadecinematichistory.TheyslappedanNC-17ratingonafilm,whichmeanschildrenunder17cannotseeit,notbecauseofsexorviolenceorprofanity,butbecauseofbadgrammar.Despiteitsapparentlynaughtytitle.TalkingCock,themovieisactuallyaninnocuouscomedycomprisingfourskitsaboutthelivesofordinarySingaporeans.Thecensorsalsobanneda15-secondTVspotpromotingtheflick.(32)Allthisisbecauseofwhattheauthoritiesdeemed"excessiveuseofSinglish."(33)Giventhetoughcrackdown,youwouldexpectSinglishtobeaharmfulsubstancethatmightcorruptouryouth,likeheroinorpornography.Butit'soneofSingapore'sbest-lovedquirks,useddailybyeveryonefromcabbiestoCEOs.(34)SinglishissimplySingaporeanslang,wherebyEnglishfollowsChinesegrammarandisliberallysprinkledwithwordsfromthelocalChinese.MalayandIndiandialects.Iliketotalkcock,andIliketospeakSinglish.It'sinventive,wittyandcolorful.(35)Singlishisespeciallyfashionablethesedaysamongtheyoungergeneration,inpartbecauseitgivesuptightSingaporeachancetolaughatitself.Butthegovernmentisnotamused.Itdoesn'tlikeSinglishbecauseitthinksitisbadlanguageandbadforSingapore'simageasacommercialandfinancialcenter.PartThreeClozeTestDirections:FillineachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagewithONEsuitablewordtocompletethepassage.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)Itisadreamworld,wherechemistscanturnasow'searintoasilkpurse,wherebioengineerscanputalittlebitofasheepintoawolf,orviceversa,andwherethelife-stylesofthericharebeamedbysatellite(36)everyupwardlymobilevillageontheplanet.Thankstoscienceandtechnology,morepeopleareconsumingamoreamazingarrayofworldlygoodsthanatanytimeinhistory.Butbeneaththesurfaceallisnotwell.LikeOscarWilde'sfictionalcreationDorianGray,whostayedforever(37)whileaportraitofhimintheatticagedhorribly.Themoderneconomymasksadisfiguredplanet.Theengineofconsumptionhasscarredthelandandstainedthesea,(38)awayatthefoundationsofnatureandthreateningtodestroyhumanity'sonlymeansofsurvival.Today'selderly,bornatthebeginningoflastcentury,startedlifeinaworld(39)about50%ofitsancientforestsstillstanding.Thoughfarfrompristine,itwasaworldofoceansandlandmassesteemingwithallkindsoflife.Butthosewhowillbebornaftertheturnofthemillenniumwill(40)ofagetofindthatpreviousgenerationshavesquanderedanddefiledtheirinheritance,foreclosingsomeoptionsevenasnewoneswerecreated.Ourgrandchildrenmayhave(41)toconveniencesthatfurtherreducethedrudgeryofeverydaylife,buttheywillalsoinheritaplanetwithlessthan20%ofitsoriginalforests(42),withmostofthereadilyavailablefreshwateralreadyspokenforandmuchofthearable(43)underplough.Theywillinheritastressedatmosphereandanunwantedlegacyoftoxicwasteinthesoilandwater.Missingfromtheestatewillbecountlessspecies,most(44)outbeforeeven(45)_cataloguedbyscientist.PartFourProofreadingDirections:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachunderlinedsentenceorpartofasentence.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordorjustdeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutwithaslash(—)andwritethecorrectwordnearit.Ifyouaddaword,writethemissingwordbetweenthewords(inbrackets)immediatelybeforeandafterit.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutwithaslash(—).PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10%)(46)Clonaid,acompanyassociatedbyagroupthatbelievesextraterrestrialscreatedmankind,announcedFridaythatithadproducedthefirstcloneofahumanbeing.Accordingtothespokeswoman,itisab