2022年名校聯(lián)盟基礎(chǔ)年級聯(lián)考高二英語上學(xué)期期末測試卷及答案_第1頁
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名校聯(lián)盟基礎(chǔ)年級聯(lián)考高二(上)期末考試英語考生注意:1.本試卷共8頁。時間100分鐘,滿分120分,答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷指定位置,并將姓名、考場號、座位號、考生號填寫在答題卡上,然后認真核對條形碼上的信息,并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.作答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號。作答非選擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將試卷和答題卡一并收回。第I卷(選擇題,共70分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。APaleHorse,PaleRiderKatherineAnnePorterwasacelebratedAmericanjournalist,essayist,shortstorywriterandnovelist.Herworksdealwithdarkthemesincludingjusticeandtheunforgivingnatureofthehumanrace.PaleHorse,PaleRider(1939)ishershortnovelsetduringtheinfluenzapandemic(流感大流行)of1918,whichkilledfivetimesasmanyAmericansasdidWorldWarI.Itsmaincharacter,Miranda,isayoungreporterwhofallsinlovewithasoldier;thebook'sfever-dreamstylecapturestheexperienceofthedisease.TheAndromedaStrainMichaelCrichtonwasoneofthemostsuccessfulnovelistsofhisgeneration.TheAndromedaStrain(1969)ishisbest-sellingtechno-thrillerthatbeginswhenamilitarysatellitecrashestotheearthandreleasesanorganismthatkillsalmosteveryoneinanearbysmalltown.Thenthingsgetbad.LoveintheTimeofCholeraGabrielGarciaMarquezwasamajorLatin-Americanauthorofnovelsandshortstories,acentralfigureintheso-calledmagicalrealismmovementinLatinAmericanliterature.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinliteraturein1982.LoveintheTimeofCholera(1985)ishisgreatColombianauthorsattractivetaleofa50-yearcourtship,inwhichlovesicknessisasstubbornasdisease.uMybest,"hesaidofit."Thenovelwaswrittenfrommysoul."TheRoadCormacMcCarthyisanAmericannovelistandplaywright.TheRoad(2006)ishisbeautifullywritten,PulitzerPrize-winningnovelsetafteranunspecifiedextinctioneventhaswipedoutmostofhumanity.Anunnamedmanandaboytravelonfoottowardasouthernsea,havingtoavoidcannibals(食人者)anddespair.TheRoadisaspeciallymovingstory1ofajourney.1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwobooksmentionedinthetext?A.They'rethebestsellers. B.They'refairlytales.C.They'reaboutdisasters. D.They'renon-fiction.2.Whichbookiswrittenbytheauthorwhocouldn'tthinkhighlyofittoomuch?A.PaleHorse,PaleRider B.TheAndromedaStrainC.LoveintheTimeofCholera D.TheRoad3.Whowrotethebookthatdescribedanadventurousjourney?A.KatherineAnnePorter. B.MichaelCrichto.C.GabrielGarciaMarquez. D.CormacMcCarthy.BI'mAlice.When1wasyoung,mymothermadethesamedishfivenightsaweekbecausewewerelowoncash.Sheboiledpotatoes,carrots,andsometimes,othervegetablesonthekitchenstove.Onlysmallamountsoftheroastbeefthatshecookedonceaweekwereaddedtothebowls.Shecalleditstew(燉菜).Iwouldhearotherchildrentalkabouthamburgers,fries,andmilkshakesfromfastfoodrestaurants,whichwereexpensiveatthetime.Iwishedwecouldeatlikethatonceinawhile,butmyparentscouldn'taffordit.ButIlookbackandIthinkhowblessedIwasMymomtookthetimetopreparethestewnearlyeverynight.Herportionswereright——focusingonthevegetablesandnotonthemeat——andweweren'teatingthefatandsaltwewouldhavehadintake-outfood.Ihadalotfewerheadcoldsandflusthanmyclassmatesthen.If1didgetsick,I'dbehomeforadayortwo,notawholeweeklikemanyofthem.ThoughIbecameillmoreofteninmythirties,IhavetoadmitI'dbeeneatinglotsoffastfood,makingupfornotgettingitasachild.ButwhenIwentbacktopreparehomemademealswithoutthoseextrafatandsalt,Istartedtofeelhealthier.TodayIoftenfindmyselfenjoyingabowlofmymother'sstew.IrealizehowluckyIwastohaveamotherwhowouldliketotakethetimetopreparetheslewforherfamilyfiveeveningsaweek.Thatstewwasmadewithloveandithasleftmewithamemorythatwillwarmmeforever.4.WhydidAlice'smothercookthestewnearlyeverynightwhenshewasyoung?A.Becauseitwasabalancedmeal. B.Becauseitwastheirfavorite.C.Becauseitwaseasilycooked. D.Becauseitmightcostless.5Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingparagraph4?A.Toshowushowtocookthestew. B.Toexplaintheeffectsthestewhasonher.C.Totellushowgreathermotheris. D.Towarnusofthedangeroffastfood.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlice'smother?A.Caring B.Strict. C.Humorous. D.Cautious7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyMothersDaughter B.MyUnforgettableChildhoodC.GratefulfortheStew D.ServingFoodandKindnessCHaveyoueverwonderedwhatitwouldbeliketoworkwithzoooraquariumanimals?Kylene,ananimalcarespecialistfromSeaWorldSanDiego,whocaredfortheAfricanpenguinsatSeaWorldformanyyears.Overthepastseveralyears,theSouthAfricanpenguinshavebeenonthedecreaseinnumbers.Ahundredyearsago,therewereabout1millionAfricanpenguins,butsincethentheirpopulationhasdecreasedtounder100,000.Scientistspredictthepopulationcouldfallaslowas50,000overthenext20yearsifwedon'tdoanything.Somescientiststhinkthechangingoceantemperatureshavecausedthepenguins1foodsupplytodisappear.Humanshavealsodisturbedthepenguins'wildhabitatandcollectedtheireggs.Andhumanshavealsobeencollectingguano(thewastepassedfromtheseabirds'bodies),whichcanbeaddedtothesoiltomakeplantsgrowmoresuccessfully.Asaresult,humansdamagetheirnaturalnest-diggingsites.Withoutthepilesofguanothepenguinsusedtobuildtheirnests,they'vebeenforcedtonestonopenground.Someotherscientiststhinktheslightincreaseinairtemperatureontheislandshashadanimpactonthepenguins'successrateofhatchingtheireggs.Nomatterwhatthereasonis,SouthAfricanpenguinpopulationisfalling,andscientistsneedtofindawaytostopthedecline.Workingwithotherzoosinthecountry,KylenedidwhatshecouldtohelpprotecttheSouthAfricanpenguins.ThroughKylene'seffortsandtheeffortsofthepeoplelikeheratmanypenguinconservationorganizationsinSouthAfrica,theselittlepenguinshaveachanceforabettertomorrow.8.WhathashappenedtotheSouthAfricanpenguinsoverthepastyears?A.Thepenguinpopulationhasgreatlydeclined.B.They'vebeguntolosethehabitatcompletely.C.Theyhavedonegreatharmtothenaturalenvironment.D.Theyhavebeenhuntedbyhumansformoney-making.9.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofpenguins'return. B.Thecausesofpenguins'decrease.C.Theeffortsofsomescientists. D.thenecessityofpenguins'existence.10.Whatisguanousedforbyhumans?A.Thefoodsupply. B.Thebuildingmaterials.C.Thegoodshelter. D.Thefarmingfertilizer.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheSouthAfricanpenguins?A.Worried. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Uncertain.DThewayofgreetingsomeonecomesindifferentforms.KissingandhuggingarenormalinsomeEuropeanandArabcountries.MaorisinNewZealandgreeteachotherbyrubbingagainsttheirnoses.However,themostcommonphysicalwayofgreetingpeoplenowadaysishandshake.Ithasbecomesoubiquitousthatyoumayneverhavethoughtaboutitsorigins.It'slikeapartofhumannature.Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardtotrace.TheQuakersaretraditionallyseenasoriginators.ButasDutchsociologistHermanRoodenburg——thechiefauthorityforthehistoryofhandshaking一wroteinhispublicationACulturalHistoryofGesture,"Morethaninanyotherfield,thestudyofgestureisoneinwhichthehistorianhastomakethemostofonlyafewclues."Anotherwell-knownevidenceoftheearlytraditionofshakinghandstookplaceintheearly17thcentury.AScotsmanlivinginEngland,namedJamesCleland,suggestedthatthepracticeoftheugoodoldScottishshakingofthetworighthands”shouldbeobserved,insteadofthingslikebowingdowntoeveryone'sshoesandkissinghands.Ifyouaskwhyshakinghandsisthemostpreferredwayofgreetingoverothergestures,themostwell-knownexplanationisthathandshakingpreventstherighthandfromholdingaweapon.Inthe19thcenturyitwasarguedthatshakinghandswithoutremovinggloveswasquiterudeandrequiredanimmediateapology.Shakinghandsseemslikeagesturethathasbeenaroundforever.However,in1880'sFrance,asocietyhadbeenformedtoabolishthehandshakeasa''vulgar"Englishnovelty.AndnowintheUSthatgesturemayfallawayinfavorofthefisthump.Whilethefistbumpisacoolerwaytogreetsomeone,thereasonmayhavebeenmorepractical.Accordingtosurveyparticipants,theydidnotwanttoshakehandsbecausetheywereafraidofcatchingandspreadinggerms(細菌).12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplain"ubiquitous”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Curious. B.Obvious. C.Common. D.Shallow.13.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlydiscussaboutthemodernhandshake?A.Theimportance. B.Thehistory.C.Thefeature. D.Theclassification.14.Whydidpeopleshakehandsusingrighthandsaccordingtothemostfamousexplanation?A.Forconvenience. B.Forpoliteness.C.Forenjoyment. D.Forsafety.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Everyonedoesn'tfallinlovewiththehandshake.B.Therootofhandshakeislostinthesandsoftime.CItmightseemlikeshakinghandsisanancientcustom.D.Ahandshakeisamongthemostcommonwaystogreetothers.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenitcomestohealth,everyonewantsthebestforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.YoucanhelppreventthespreadofCOVID-19byseeingthelatestinformationfromtheWHO.WhatisCOVID-19?___16___ManycountrieshaveseencasesofCOVID-19andseveralhaveseenoutbreaks.ExpertsinChinaandsomeothercountrieshavesucceededinslowingorstoppingtheiroutbreaks._____17_____YoucanreduceyourchancesofbeinginfectedorspreadingCOVID-19bytakingsomesimplemeasures:____18____Why?Whensomeonecoughsorsneezestheyspraysmallliquiddroplets(飛沫)fromtheirnoseormouthwhichmaycontainvirus.Ifyouaretoo(dose,youcanbreatheinthedroplets,includingtheCOVID-19virusifthepersonhasthedisease.Makesureyouandpeoplearoundyou,followgoodrespiratoryhygiene(呼吸衛(wèi)生).Thismeanscoveringyourmouthandnosewithyourtissuewhenyoucoughorsneeze.Thenhandletheusedtissueimmediatelyandwashyourhands.Why?___19___Byfollowinggoodrespiratoryhygiene,youprotectthepeoplearoundyoufromvirusessuchascold,fluandCOVID-19.Stayhomeifyoufeelunwell.Ifyouhaveafever,coughanddifficultybreathing,seekmedicalattentionandcallinadvance.Followthedirectionsofyourlocalhealthauthority.Why?Nationalandlocalauthoritieswillhavethemostuptodateinformationonthesituationinyourarea.Callinginadvancewillallowyourhealthcareprovidertoquicklydirectyoutotherighthealthfacility.____20____A.Dropletsspreadvirus.B.PeoplecancatchCOVID-19fromotherswhohavethevirus.C.WhatcanIdotoprotectmyselfandpreventthespreadofdisease?D.However,thesituationisunpredictablesocheckregularlyforthelatestnews.EMaintainatleast1metredistancebetweenyourselfandanyonewhoiscoughing.F.Itisainfectiousdiseasecausedbythemostrecentlydiscoveredcoronavirus.G.Thiswillalsoprotectyouandhelppreventspreadofvirusesandotherinfections.第二部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。MyfriendAnnetteandIdecidedtogotoLivermoretoattendaregionalScienceFictionWriter'sConference.Weweretakingaminivacationtogetherandcouldn'thavebeenmore____21____.Theweatherforecastwas____22____highwindsandrain,sowearrivedearlyasplanned.Weevenhadgood___23___tobeabletogetourroombeforethestandardafternooncheck-in.Butthewindandrainmadestayingintheonly___24___afterwearrived.Aslunchtimeapproached,we____25____burgersbyaphoneapp.Thefood-deliveryapp____26____aforty-five-minute____27____time.Forty-fiveminutescameandwent,thenanhour,andthenanotherhour.Wehadtocancelthe____28____.Thehotelmanager___29___arestaurantthathadgreathamburgers.However,gettingtherebytaxi,we______30______itwasclosedduetothebadweather.Andourdriverhadalreadyleftbythetimewereadthe"closed''______31______Westoodoutsidethebuildingonthatmiserableday,tryingtodecidewhattodonext.Ofcourse,the______32______waseasy:Justorderanothertaxi.Ibegan______33______inmypurseformyphone,butitwasn'tthereJSoon,IrealizedIhad______34______itinthetaxi.Thedriverwaslonggone,andsowasmy_______35_______,whichwasonlyaweekold!Idon'tknow______36______itneveroccurredtoustocallmycellphonetoseeifthedriverhadfoundit!Aftereatinginanotherfast-foodrestaurantquickly,ourseconddriverpulledintotheparkinglotofthehotel.WhatIsawnext_____37_____me.Coulditbe?Itwastrue.Thefirstandthesame______38______Bycontactingmymother,hefoundmeandmyhotel.Itwasamiracle(奇跡),anabsolutemiracle.Findingthatphoneinanunfamiliarplacewas______39______Icouldn'tbelievesuch_____40_____existedinLivermore.Nowwecan'twaittopayitforward!21.A.worried B.interested C.excited D.moved22.A.guessing B.predicting C.imagining D.intending23.A.luck B.welfare C.connection D.support24.A.dream B.freedom C.approach D.option25.A.gaveaway B.decidedon C.carriedon D.putaway26A.promised B.determined C.concerned D.devoted27.A.transportation B.journey C.wait D.queue28.A.bill B.attention C.invitation D.order29.A.suggested B.named C.explored D.admitted30.A.recognized B.discovered C.observed D.argued31.A.permit B.sigh C.sign D.bargain32.A.reason B.belief C.question D.solution33.A.fixing B.digging C.burying D.thinking34.A.left B.forgot C.regretted D.thrown35.A.license B.purse C.phone D.ticket36.A.how B.where C.when D.why37.A.amazed B.spotted C.combined D.beat38.A.reminder B.manager C.driver D.receiver39.A.strange B.unbelievable C.modern D.artificial40.A.admiration B.consideration C.reward D.kindness第II卷(非選擇題,共50分)第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Airpurifiers(凈器)domorethancleantheairinyourhouse.Itisoneofthebest___41___(tool)thatcanimproveyoursleep.However,onlycleanairpurifierscanhelpyousleep___42___(peaceful).Airpurifiers___43___blockedfilters(濾網(wǎng))mayproducealoudnoise.Thatwillnevermakeyoufallasleep.Instead,itwillwaketheperson_____44_____istryingtosleepinthenextroom.Makesureyoucleanthefiltersoftheairpurifierfrequentlysothattheydon'tjustpurifytheair,butalsoavoid___45___(produce)anyuncomfortablenoise.Atthesametime,checkthemfrequentlytoensurethatthey___46___(be)inproperworkingorder.Youcaneithercleanthefiltersaloneoraskaprofessionaltodoitforyou.ForDIYcleaning,youcangoonlineandsearchfor___47___(person)careusermanuals(指南)toknow_____48_____totakeapartthefiltersandcleanthem.Itispossibletouseavacuumcleanertosuckthedust___49___(attach)tothefilters.Forsomeairpurifiers,thefilterscan_____50_____(take)out.Youcancleanthemusingliquidsoap,andputthembackinthepurifieragain.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)51.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫岀該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。Therearealotofexamplesofstrong-willedfigureshavingachievedsuccess,oneofwhichwasTheodoreParker.Whenyoung,hehelpshisparentsworkontheirfarm.Heseldomwenttoschool,andhemanagedtogainhisknowledgebyteachinghimselfinhissparetime.HiswishwastobeadmittoHarvardUniversity.Asresult,hemadehisdreamtocometrue.FinalhebecameaninfluentialpersoninAmericanhistory.Itwashisstrongwillwhatcontributedtohissuccess.Thisexampleindicatesthatastrongwillisessentialifyouwanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinotheraspectofourlives.第二節(jié)書面表達(滿分25分)52.假定你是李華,在倫敦一所學(xué)校交換學(xué)習(xí)。得知你所在學(xué)校將舉辦為期一周的中國文化周活動,你給該活動負責(zé)人Chris寫一封電子郵件詢問有關(guān)事宜。內(nèi)容包括:1.活動時間;2.活動內(nèi)容;3.表達參與意愿。注意:1.詞數(shù)100字左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。DearChris,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,名校聯(lián)盟基礎(chǔ)年級聯(lián)考高二(上)期末考試參考答案第I卷(選擇題,共70分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本小說?!?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對前兩本書的介紹可知,第一本書提及流感大流行,第二本書提及一顆軍用衛(wèi)星墜落到地球上,釋放出一種生物,殺死了附近小鎮(zhèn)上的幾乎所有人??梢酝茢喑鏊鼈兪桥c災(zāi)難有關(guān)的書。故選C?!?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LoveintheTimeofCholera部分中的“Mybest,"hesaidofit.“Thenovelwaswrittenfrommysoul."可知,作者說這本小說是他最好的作品。故選C。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheRoad部分中的Anunnamedmanandaboytravelonfoottowardasouthernsea,havingtoavoidcannibals(食人者)anddespair.可知,這本小說描寫了一位無名男子和一個男孩為了逃避食人者和絕望,徒步踏上了前往南部海洋的旅途。故選D?!军c睛】文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持,這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要,同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求閱讀文章,以獲得某些特定的信息,或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié),并對細節(jié)進行直接或間接辨認和理解。文章細節(jié)的理解可以細化為:(1)一一對應(yīng)型。答案與題目在表達形式和意義上直接吻合,一一對應(yīng),一目了然。屬于淺層次的閱讀試題,分數(shù)比例較少。(2)語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。這是一類間接事實細節(jié)題,答案與題目在意義上從分運用了詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系,即正確選項是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的另類表達。屬于中檔難度題,分數(shù)比例較大。(3)語意理解型。這是一類深層事實細節(jié)理解題,答案與題目之間存在著一定的邏輯聯(lián)系,這種聯(lián)系需要建立在事實的基礎(chǔ)上通過上、下文來進行判斷、分析、歸納和整合,才能得出正確答案。屬于較高難度的事實細節(jié)題。(4)是非辨別型。這是一類綜合事實細節(jié)題,出題形式常常是“三正一誤”(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或“三誤一正”(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文內(nèi)容)。(5)事實排序型。這是一類運用多項事實進行排序的事實細節(jié)題,要求根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的先后順序、時間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出時間發(fā)生,發(fā)展的正確順序。本文中的第2小題和第3小題都屬于語言轉(zhuǎn)述型細節(jié)題。B【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是作者小時候家里很窮,媽媽經(jīng)常做燉菜,看似普通的燉菜對作者卻有巨大的影響?!?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的WhenIwasyoung,mymothermadethesamedishfivenightsaweekbecausewewerelowoncash,可知,當(dāng)時作者家里窮,經(jīng)濟緊張,所以母親才經(jīng)常做燉菜。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,小時候由于經(jīng)常吃燉菜,作者很少生??;在作者30多歲的時候,因為吃了太多快餐經(jīng)常生病,后來又開始自己做菜,結(jié)果恢復(fù)了健康。由此可推斷出,這一段主要是為了說明燉菜對作者好的影響。故選B?!?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的IrealizehowluckyIwastohaveamotherwhowouldliketotakethetimetopreparethestewforherfamilyfiveeveningsaweek.媽媽每周有五個晚上愿意花時間為她的家人準備燉菜??梢钥闯?,Alice的媽媽是一個體貼的人。故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。文章講述的是由于貧窮,小時候媽媽經(jīng)常為全家做燉菜,出人意料的是,燉菜有很多的好處,作者對媽媽所做的燉菜充滿了感激之情。故選C?!军c睛】推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存,推理是為了得出正確的判斷,正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容,在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁,透過字里行間,去體會作者的“弦外之音”。推理判斷題常常可以分為如下幾類:(1)細節(jié)推斷。如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系等;(2)邏輯推斷。根據(jù)已知的結(jié)果推斷導(dǎo)致結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的可能原因;(3)目的、意圖、態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章的論述,推斷作者的寫作目的以及作者情感態(tài)度;(4)預(yù)測想象推斷。文章沒有明確說明,要求根據(jù)語篇對文章可能涉及的內(nèi)容進行預(yù)測判斷。(5)預(yù)測文章出處。根據(jù)文章主旨判斷出文章可能出自什么地方。例如,本文中的第2小題就屬于目的推斷題,第3小題屬于態(tài)度推斷題。C【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了南極企鵝的數(shù)量在減少,科學(xué)家在尋找原因,并且動物護理專家Kylene正在為保護企鵝做出努力?!?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句Overthepastseveralyears,theSouthAfricanpenguinshavebeenonthedecreaseinnumbers.(在過去的幾年里,南非企鵝的數(shù)量一直在減少。)可知,南非企鵝數(shù)量銳減。故選A?!?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段Somescientiststhinkthechangingoceantemperatureshavecausedthepenguins1foodsupplytodisappear.Humanshavealsodisturbedthepenguins5wildhabitatandcollectedtheireggs.Andhumanshavealsobeencollectingguano(thewastepassedfromtheseabirds'bodies),whichcanbeaddedtothesoiltomakeplantsgrowmoresuccessfully..可知,一些科學(xué)家認為,海洋溫度的變化導(dǎo)致了企鵝的食物供應(yīng)消失。人類也擾亂了企鵝的野生棲息地,并收集它們的蛋。人類也一直在收集鳥糞(從海鳥身上排出的廢物),它們可以被添加到土壤中,讓植物生長得更順利。所以第二段主要關(guān)于企鵝數(shù)量減少的原因。故選B?!?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Andhumanshavealsobeencollectingguano(thewastepassedfromtheseabirds'bodies),whichcanbeaddedtothesoiltomakeplantsgrowmoresuccessfully.(人類也一直在收集鳥糞(從海鳥身上排出的廢物),它們可以被添加到土壤中,讓植物生長得更順利。)可知,guano可以被用作肥料。故選D?!?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的ThroughKylene'seffortsandtheeffortsofthepeoplelikeheratmanypenguinconservationorganizationsinSouthAfrica,theselittlepenguinshaveachanceforabettertomorrow.可知,在Kylene及相關(guān)企鵝保護組織人士的幫助下,南非企鵝可能會有一個不錯的未來。由此可以推知,作者的態(tài)度是感覺有希望的。故選C?!军c睛】推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存,推理是為了得出正確的判斷,正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容,在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁,透過字里行間,去體會作者的“弦外之音”。推理判斷題常常可以分為如下幾類:(1)細節(jié)推斷。如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系等;(2)邏輯推斷。根據(jù)已知的結(jié)果推斷導(dǎo)致結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的可能原因;(3)目的、意圖、態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章的論述,推斷作者的寫作目的以及作者情感態(tài)度;(4)預(yù)測想象推斷。文章沒有明確說明,要求根據(jù)語篇對文章可能涉及的內(nèi)容進行預(yù)測判斷。(5)預(yù)測文章出處。根據(jù)文章主旨判斷出文章可能出自什么地方。例如本文中最后一題就屬于第三種類型,屬于目的意圖題。例如,本文中的第4小題屬于態(tài)度推斷題。D【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了傳統(tǒng)握手禮的發(fā)展史以及人們對待握手禮的態(tài)度?!?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上句

themostcommonphysicalwayofgreetingpeoplenowadaysishandshake.可知現(xiàn)在最常見的問候方式是握手,所以Ithasbecomesoubiquitousthatyoumayneverhavethoughtaboutitsorigins.握手是如此的普遍以至于人們都不考慮它的起源。ubiquitous意為“普遍的”。故選C?!?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Themodernhandshakeasaformofgreetingishardtotrace.(作為一種問候方式的現(xiàn)代握手禮是很難追溯的。)可知,第二段以時間為線索描述了握手這一禮節(jié)的發(fā)展歷史。故選B?!?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句...themostwell-knownexplanationisthathandshakingpreventstherighthandfromholdingaweapon.可知,根據(jù)最著名的解釋得知,人們使用右手握手,主要為了安全考慮,防止(對方)右手拿武器。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,在1880年的時候,法國人反對握手這一禮節(jié),現(xiàn)在美國人為了防止細菌的蔓延也開始使用其他打招呼的方式,故并不是每個人都喜歡使用握手禮。故選A。【點睛】文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持,這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要,同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求閱讀文章,以獲得某些特定的信息,或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié),并對細節(jié)進行直接或間接辨認和理解。文章細節(jié)的理解可以細化為:(1)一一對應(yīng)型。答案與題目在表達形式和意義上直接吻合,一一對應(yīng),一目了然。屬于淺層次的閱讀試題,分數(shù)比例較少。(2)語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。這是一類間接事實細節(jié)題,答案與題目在意義上從分運用了詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系,即正確選項是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的另類表達。屬于中檔難度題,分數(shù)比例較大。(3)語意理解型。這是一類深層事實細節(jié)理解題,答案與題目之間存在著一定的邏輯聯(lián)系,這種聯(lián)系需要建立在事實的基礎(chǔ)上通過上、下文來進行判斷、分析、歸納和整合,才能得出正確答案。屬于較高難度的事實細節(jié)題。(4)是非辨別型。這是一類綜合事實細節(jié)題,出題形式常常是“三正一誤”(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或“三誤一正”(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文內(nèi)容)。(5)事實排序型。這是一類運用多項事實進行排序的事實細節(jié)題,要求根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的先后順序、時間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出時間發(fā)生,發(fā)展的正確順序。本文中的第3小題屬于語言轉(zhuǎn)述型的細節(jié)題。preventstherighthandfromholdingaweapon和safety對應(yīng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。【答案】16.F17.D18.E19.A20.G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新型冠狀病毒肺炎以及如何采取措施預(yù)防新型冠狀病毒肺炎?!?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文WhatisCOVID-19可知,設(shè)空處需要回答什么是新型冠狀病毒肺炎。F項:Itisainfectiousdiseasecausedbythemostrecentlydiscoveredcoronavirus.(它是由最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的冠狀病毒引起的傳染病。)符合語境。故選F。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文ExpertsinChinaandsomeothercountrieshavesucceededinslowingorstoppingtheiroutbreaks.可知,中國和許多其他國家的專家已經(jīng)成功阻止或減緩了它的大爆發(fā),此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折,但是防疫形勢多變,需要“我們”繼續(xù)關(guān)注最新信息。D項:However,thesituationisunpredictablesocheckregularlyforthelatestnews.(然而,情況是不可預(yù)測的,所以要定期查看最新消息。)符合語境。故選D。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文Ifyouaretooclose,youcanbreatheinthedroplets...可知,此處介紹了為了預(yù)防新型冠狀病毒肺炎,人與人之間要保持一米距離。E項:Maintainatleast1metredistancebetweenyourselfandanyonewhoiscoughing.(與咳嗽者保持至少1米的距離。)符合語境。故選E。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文Thismeanscoveringyourmouthandnosewithyourtissuewhenyoucoughorsneeze.再結(jié)合Why?可知,此處介紹用紙巾捂住嘴和鼻子的原因在于飛沫能傳播病毒。A項:Dropletsspreadvirus.(飛沫傳播病毒。)符合語境。故選A。【20題詳解】結(jié)合上文Callinginadvancewillallowyourhealthcareprovidertoquicklydirectyoutotherighthealthfacility.(提前打電話可以讓你的醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供者迅速將你引向正確的醫(yī)療機構(gòu))可知,此處表示遞進關(guān)系,進一步說明提前打電話的好處。G項:Thiswillalsoprotectyouandhelppreventspreadofvirusesandotherinfections.(這也將保護你,幫助防止病毒的傳播和其他感染。)符合語境。故選G。第二部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑?!敬鸢浮?1.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C36.D37.A38.C39.B40.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在經(jīng)歷了糟糕的一天后,在一個陌生的城市遇到了一位善良的出租車司機,將作者遺留在車上的手機送還給了作者。【21題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意:我們正在一起度過一個迷你假期,沒有比這更興奮的了。A.worried擔(dān)心的;B.interested感興趣的;C.excited感到興奮的;D.moved感動的。根據(jù)上文Weweretakingaminivacationtogether...可知,在開會的同時還能享受短暫假期,“我們”應(yīng)該是很“興奮”。此處為比較級的否定形式表示最高級概念。故選C?!?2題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:天氣預(yù)報說有大風(fēng)有雨,所以我們按計劃提前到了。A.guessing猜想;B.predicting預(yù)測;C.imagining想象;D.intending打算。結(jié)合前面的Theweatherforecast可知,此處是天氣預(yù)報“預(yù)測”有大風(fēng)和大雨。故選B?!?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:我們甚至很幸運能在標準的下午入住前拿到我們的房間。A.luck運氣;B.welfare福利;C.connection聯(lián)系;D.support支持。結(jié)合上文...sowearrivedearlyasplanned.和下文...tobeabletogetourroombeforethestandardafternooncheck-in.可知,這是“幸運的事情”。故選A?!?4題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:但是風(fēng)雨使我們到達后只能留在這里。A.dream夢想;B.freedom自由;C.approach方法;D.option選擇。由于狂風(fēng)暴雨,因此待在賓館里是唯一的“選擇”。故選D?!?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:午餐時間快到了,我們通過手機應(yīng)用決定吃漢堡。A.gaveaway捐贈;B.decidedon決定;C.carriedon繼續(xù);D.putaway把……收好。根據(jù)下文Thefood-deliveryapp可知,此處“我們”決定用手機軟件預(yù)訂漢堡。decideon是固定短語,意為“決定”。故選B?!?6題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:這款送餐應(yīng)用承諾提供45分鐘的等待時間。A.promised承諾;B.determined決定;C.concerned擔(dān)心;D.devoted奉獻,投入。結(jié)合下文Forty-fiveminutescameandwent,thenanhour,andthenanotherhour.可知,此處是外賣軟件的“承諾”。故選A。27題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:這款送餐應(yīng)用承諾提供45分鐘的等待時間。A.transportation交通;B.journey旅行;C.wait等待;D.queue隊列。此處是外賣軟件承諾“我們”需要45分鐘的“等待”時間。故選C?!?8題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:我們不得不取消訂單。A.bill賬單;B.attention注意力;C.invitation邀請;D.order訂單。根據(jù)上文Forty-fiveminutes...andthenanotherhour.可知,“我們”等了很長時間,不得不取消“訂單”。故選D?!?9題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:旅館經(jīng)理建議去一家有很棒漢堡包的餐館。A.suggested建議;B.named命名;C.explored探索;D.admitted承認。結(jié)合語境可知,旅館經(jīng)理給“我們”“推薦”了一家飯店。故選A?!?0題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:然而,我們乘出租車到那里,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)由于天氣不好,它已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。A.recognized辨認出;B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn);C.observed觀察;D.argued爭論。承接上文,當(dāng)“我們”到達那里時卻“發(fā)現(xiàn)”由于糟糕的天氣,飯店關(guān)門了。故選B?!?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)我們看到“關(guān)門”的標志時,司機已經(jīng)離開了。A.permit允許;B.sigh嘆氣;C.sign征兆,指示牌;D.bargain便宜貨。此處指“我們”看到了飯店關(guān)門的“標志”。故選C?!?2題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)然,解決辦法很簡單:只要再訂一輛出租車就行了。A.reason原因;B.belief信念;C.question問題;D.solution解決辦法。結(jié)合下文Justorderanothertaxi.可知,這是“我們”解決問題的辦法。故選D?!?3題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:我開始在錢包里找我的手機,但是沒有。A.fixing修理,固定;B.digging挖,搜尋;C.burying埋葬;D.thinking考慮。結(jié)合語境可知,“我”伸手到手提袋里找手機。此處dig意為“尋找,搜尋(物品)”。故選B。【34題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:很快,我意識到我把它落在出租車上了。A.left離開;B.forgot忘記;C.regretted后悔;D.thrown仍。根據(jù)下文Thedriverwaslonggone,andsowasmy35,whichwasonlyaweekold!可知,“我”把手機落在了車上。leave“忘帶;丟下”。故選A?!?5題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:司機早就不見了,我的手機也不見了,才用了一個星期!A.license執(zhí)照,許可證;B.purse錢包;C.phone手機;D.ticket票。結(jié)合上文...formyphone,butitwasn'tthere!可知,司機開車走了,“我”的“手機”也隨之而去。故選C?!?6題詳解】考查從屬連詞辨析。句意:我不知道為什么我們從來沒有打過我的手機,看看司機是否發(fā)現(xiàn)了它!A.how怎么樣;B.where哪里;C.when什么時候;D.why為什么。此處“我”不知“為何”當(dāng)時沒有想到撥打“我”的手機,查看出租車司機是否發(fā)現(xiàn)了“我”的手機。故選D?!?7題詳解】考查動詞辨析。句意:我接下來看到的景象使我很吃驚。A.amazed使驚訝;B.spotted注意到,發(fā)現(xiàn);C.combined組合,聯(lián)合;D.beat打敗。根據(jù)下文Coulditbe?Itwastrue.可知,接下來發(fā)生的事情使“我”“驚訝”。故選A。【38題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:和第一個司機相同的司機。A.reminder提醒者;B.manager經(jīng)理;C.driver司機;D.receiver接收者。根據(jù)上文可知,此處是“我”見到了第一個“司機”。故選C?!?9題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。句意:在一個陌生的地方找到手機是難以置信的,我不敢相信在利弗莫爾存在這樣的善良。A.strange奇怪的;B.unbelievable難以置信的;C.modern現(xiàn)代的;D.artificial人造的。在這樣一個不熟悉的城市找到丟失的手機是令人難以置信的。故選B。【40題詳解】考查名詞辨析。句意:在一個陌生的地方找到手機是難以置信的,我不敢相信在利弗莫爾存在這樣的善良。A.admiration欽佩,羨慕;B.consideration考慮周到,深思;C.reward獎勵,回報;D.kindness善良。出租車司機送還“我”遺落的手機,這是善舉,“我”沒料到在利弗莫爾竟然存在這樣的“善舉”。故選D?!军c睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來學(xué)會“推理”出最佳選項。在做題過程中要遵循“上下求索”的原則來查找信息。例如,文章中的第2小題,結(jié)合前面的Theweatherforecast可知,此處是天氣預(yù)報“預(yù)測”有大風(fēng)和大雨。故選B。第15小題結(jié)合上文...formyphone,butitwasn'tthere!可知,司機開車走了,“我”的“手機”也隨之而去。故選C。第II卷(非選擇題,共50分)第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿

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