Unit 4　Section Ⅴ　Using Language (2)-Reading for Writing 教案 高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

SectionⅤUsingLanguage(2)—ReadingforWritingActivity1Readfordetails[細(xì)節(jié)把握]1．WhatlanguagesdopeoplespeakinMontreal?A．EnglishandChinese.B．FrenchandEnglish.C．EnglishandGerman.D．FrenchandGerman.答案B2．WhatcanweknowaboutLinFei?A．SheisLiDaiyu’soldschoolmate.B．ShemovedtoCanadalastyear.C．SheknewdowntownChinatownwell.D．Shecookedadeliciousmealforthem.答案C3．HowlongdidthetwogirlsstayinMontreal?A．Forhalfaday. B．Forthreedays.C．Foroneday. D．Foraweek.答案C4．WhatisJean-Philippe’sopinionabouthiscity—Montreal?A．Itisacitythatiswellworthvisiting.B．ItisthewealthiestcityinCanada.C．ItconsistsofmanypeoplecomingfromChina.D．ItisgreatlyinfluencedbyEnglishculture.答案A5．What’sthemainideaofthewholepassage?A．ThetwogirlslikedTorontobetterthanMontreal.B．Thetwogirlsmetayoungman.C．ThetwogirlspreferredMontrealtoToronto.D．ThetwogirlstravelledinTorontoandMontreal.答案DActivity2Readforstructures[文章架構(gòu)]Activity3Readforlanguagefeatures[增分靚句]1．Findthesentencesusedtodescribetheenvironment.(找出描寫(xiě)環(huán)境的句子)Standinginthedistance，theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls，whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.WaterfromthelakesflowsintotheNiagaraRiverandoverthefallsonitswaytothesea.2．FindthesentencesusedtodescribeMontreal.(找出描寫(xiě)蒙特利爾的句子)Overall，Montrealisacitywithwonderfulsightsandsounds.MostofusspeakbothEnglishandFrench，andthecityhasuniqueQuebeccultureandtraditions.Therearefantasticrestaurantsandclubsaround，too.Ⅰ.補(bǔ)句子析結(jié)構(gòu)1．Astheywalkednorthfromtheharbourarea，LiDaiyusaid，“LinFei，oneofmymother’soldschoolmates(schoolmate)，liveshere.Ishouldphoneherandseeifshe’savailablefordinner.”(P44Para.2)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是主從復(fù)合句，As引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，if引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：離開(kāi)港口區(qū)后，她們向北行走。李黛予說(shuō)：“我媽媽的老同學(xué)林菲就住在這里。我得給她打個(gè)電話，看看她是否有空一起吃晚飯?！?．Thecousinschatted(chat)withLinFei，whohadmovedtoCanadamanyyearsearlier.(P44Para.3)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是主從復(fù)合句，who引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞LinFei。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：林菲多年前就來(lái)到加拿大生活。表姐妹倆與她暢聊了一番。3．WehaveafewmoreintheGreaterTorontoArea，soyoucanguessthatthereare(be)alotofChinesepeopleinCanada!(P44Para.4)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是并列復(fù)合句，so連接兩個(gè)并列分句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：大多倫多地區(qū)還有幾個(gè)唐人街，你們可以猜到加拿大有很多中國(guó)人！4．MostofusspeakbothEnglishandFrench，andthecityhasuniqueQuebeccultureandtraditions.(P44Para.9)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是and連接的并列句。漢語(yǔ)翻譯：我們大多數(shù)人既說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，也說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。這座城市擁有獨(dú)特的魁北克文化和傳統(tǒng)。Ⅱ.研典句學(xué)用法同位語(yǔ)AfterLiDaiyuandhercousinarrivedinToronto，thelargestandwealthiestcityinCanada，theyonlyhadafewhourstokillbeforetheyhadtoproceedtothenextlegoftheirtriptoMontreal，sotheywentonatourofthecity.(P44Para.1)李黛予和表妹抵達(dá)加拿大最大、最富有的城市多倫多之后，僅有幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間可以消磨，然后就得繼續(xù)前往旅程的下一站蒙特利爾，于是兩人就在市區(qū)逛了逛。結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是并列復(fù)合句，After引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，thelargestandwealthiestcityinCanada在句中作同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)Toronto作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說(shuō)明，before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————同位語(yǔ)的具體用法如下：?名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞作同位語(yǔ)；?不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)；?從句作同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句通常跟在某些抽象名詞(fact，plan，view，idea，belief，opinion，possibility，thought，aim，doubt等)后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容?！?1)(應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之申請(qǐng)信)我是李華，一名來(lái)自育才中學(xué)的學(xué)生，我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)成為一名接待來(lái)訪的外國(guó)學(xué)生的志愿者。我有與外國(guó)人打交道的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)這一事實(shí)讓我在眾多應(yīng)征者中脫穎而出。因?yàn)槲以鴵?dān)任過(guò)導(dǎo)游，領(lǐng)著外國(guó)游客參觀北京，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)我可以成為一名合格的志愿者。IamLiHua，astudentfromYucaiMiddleSchoolandIamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteertoreceivethevisitingforeignstudents.ThefactthatIhaverichexperienceindealingwithforeignersmakesmestandoutamongnumerouscandidates.BecauseIonceservedasaguide—showingforeigntouristsaroundBeijing，thereisnodoubtthatIcanbeaqualifiedvolunteer.(2)我有個(gè)好消息要告訴你，我已被選為即將到來(lái)的全運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者了。IhavegoodnewstotellyouthatIhavebeenchosentobeavolunteerinthecomingNationalGames.(3)我們堅(jiān)信游客會(huì)了解更多的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，享受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的美。WeholdthefirmbeliefthatvisitorswillknowmoreabouttraditionalChinesecultureandenjoythebeautyofit.see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Standinginthedistance，theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls，whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.(P44Para.1)站在遠(yuǎn)處，她們看到湖南邊的尼亞加拉大瀑布升騰而起的水霧，驚嘆不已。結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是復(fù)合句，Standinginthedistance是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，seemistycloudsrising為“see＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)既可以是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句seesb/sthdo看到動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程Isawhimenterthebank.我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)了銀行。seesb/sthdoing看到動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Isawhimplayinginthepark.我看見(jiàn)他正在公園里玩。seesb/sthdone看到某人/某物被……Isawhimknockeddownbyacar.我看見(jiàn)他被一輛小汽車(chē)撞倒了。點(diǎn)津：除see外，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel等感官類(lèi)動(dòng)詞也有類(lèi)似用法。不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如變成被動(dòng)句，需加上to；現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如變成被動(dòng)句，則不需要變化。(1)(2022·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))我一看到他無(wú)助地躺在病床上，就意識(shí)到我不得不獨(dú)自完成我們的課題了。最終，當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)我們的課題被高度評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，滿(mǎn)意的笑容浮現(xiàn)在他的臉龐。我也感到快樂(lè)在我心間流淌。ThemomentIsawhimlyinghelplesslyinbed，IrealizedthatIhadtocompleteourprojectalone.Finally，whenheheardourprojecthighlythoughtof，asmileofsatisfactionemergedonhisface.Ialsofelthappinessflowinginmyheart.(2)我看見(jiàn)我朋友雙手掩面，止不住地哭泣。Isawmyfriendburyingher/hisfaceinher/hishands，cryinguncontrollably.(3)Iheardhimsingabeautifulpopularsongintheclassroom.→Hewasheardtosingabeautifulpopularsongintheclassroom.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(4)Wenoticedherhidingbehindthecurtainlikeafrightenedbird.→Shewasnoticedhidingbehindthecurtainlikeafrightenedbird.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))本單元的寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)是寫(xiě)一封關(guān)于旅行的郵件，也就是對(duì)一次出行、游覽、參觀等的記錄。1．郵件開(kāi)頭常用語(yǔ)I’dliketoshareoneofthemostfascinatingexperienceswithyou.我想和你分享最精彩的一次經(jīng)歷。I’mgladtoshareanunforgettabletravelexperiencethatIhadduringmylastsummerholidaywithyou.我很高興和你分享去年暑假我的一次難忘的旅行經(jīng)歷。Knowingthatyouwanttoknow...，I’mwritingtotellyouthat...知道你想了解……，所以我寫(xiě)郵件告訴你……I’mextremelydelightedtoreceiveyouremail.AndIwouldliketowriteanemailtotellyouthat...很高興收到你的電子郵件，我想寫(xiě)封郵件告訴你……Iwentonaseven-daytripto...lastwintervacation，whichisreallyanunforgettablememory.去年寒假我去……旅行了七天，這真是一段難忘的記憶。2．郵件主體常用語(yǔ)：On...，weflewto...，fromwherewewentto...bybus.在……，我們飛往……，從那里我們乘坐公交車(chē)去……Whatimpressedmemostduringthetrip/journeyisthat...旅行中最讓我印象深刻的是……Wepaidavisitto...我們參觀了……Theplaceliesin/islocatedin...這個(gè)地方坐落于……Theplaceiswell-knownfor...這個(gè)地方以……而聞名。Ienjoyedapleasanttripto...withmyparentsthisNationalDayholiday.今年國(guó)慶節(jié)假期我和父母享受了一次愉快的……之旅。...isabeautifulgardencity，withcleanstreetsandvariousbuildings.……是一座漂亮的花園城市，有著干凈的街道和各種各樣的建筑。Wevisitedthecoveredstadium，whichishomeofseveralfamousbasketballteams.我們參觀了室內(nèi)體育場(chǎng)，那里是幾支著名籃球隊(duì)的駐地。Thesceneryissobeautifulthatittakesthetourists’breathaway.風(fēng)景如此美麗，真讓游客們驚嘆。Ithasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsintheworld.它已經(jīng)成為世界上最受歡迎的景點(diǎn)之一。3．郵件結(jié)尾常用語(yǔ)Wewereallexhausted，butourtripto...wasreallyunforgettable.我們都很累，但是我們?nèi)ァ穆眯姓娴淖屓穗y忘。I’mlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.我期待著你方便時(shí)給我回復(fù)。Idohopeyouwillhavefunin...我真的希望你能在……玩得開(kāi)心。Notonlydidthetripentertainme，butitalsobroadenedmyhorizons.這次旅行不僅使我快樂(lè)而且開(kāi)闊了我的視野。Exhaustedaswewere，itwasworthit.盡管我們很累，但這是值得的。Inaword，it’squiterelaxingandromantictotravelthereandIlovethisexperienceverymuch.總之，去那里旅行既讓人放松又浪漫，我非常喜歡這次經(jīng)歷。Isincerelyinviteyoutotravelto...withmenexttime.我真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)你下次和我一起去……旅行。假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國(guó)筆友Tom寫(xiě)信詢(xún)問(wèn)你去四川參觀樂(lè)山大佛的旅游經(jīng)歷。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他回一封郵件，要點(diǎn)包括：1．旅游過(guò)程；2．你的感受。注意：開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：大佛theGiantStoneBuddha第一步審題謀篇第二步遣詞造句核心詞匯(含本單元詞匯)1．使十分驚訝astonish2．字面上；真正地literally3．巨大的；非常嚴(yán)重的massive4．頂峰；山峰peak5．令人驚嘆的；可怕的；很好的awesome6．景色scenery7．令人驚嘆takesb’sbreathaway8．在黃昏atdusk9．令人愉快的；友好的pleasant10．一定會(huì)beboundto連詞成句(含本單元句型)1．七月七日，我和父母乘車(chē)去了四川樂(lè)山，一個(gè)以大佛聞名的地方。OnJuly7，myparentsandItookabustoLeshan，SichuanProvince.LeshanisfamousfortheGiantStoneBuddha.2．我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)大佛真的很大。WewereastonishedtofindthattheBuddhaisliterallymassive.3．當(dāng)我抬頭看到巨大的佛頭，低頭看到巨大的佛腳時(shí)，我感到自己是多么渺小。WhenIlookedupatthelargeheadanddownatthelargefeet，IfeltIwassosmall.4．第二天，直到登上了峨眉山山頂，我們才領(lǐng)略到了山上壯麗的風(fēng)景。Thenextday，wedidn’tappreciatetheawesomeandspectacularsceneryonthemountainuntilweclimbedtothepeakofMountEmei.5．在黃昏時(shí)刻，我們返程。Atdusk，wemadeourwayback.6．我們都非常累，但是我們?nèi)?lè)山的旅程真的既難忘又使人愉快。Wewereallexhausted，butourtriptoLeshanwasreallyunforgettableandpleasant.7．如果再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我一定會(huì)再來(lái)游覽樂(lè)山。IfIamgivenanotherchance，IamboundtopayavisittoLeshanagain.第三步句式升級(jí)1．用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)句1。OnJuly7，myparentsandItookabustoLeshan，SichuanProvince，whichisfamousfortheGiantStoneBuddha.2．用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句3。Lookingupatthelargeheadanddownatthelargefeet，IfeltIwassosmall.3．把句4改成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Thenextday，itwasnotuntilweclimbedtothepeakofMountEmeithatweappreciatedtheawesomeandspectacularsceneryonthemountain.4．用done作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句7。Givenanotherchance，IamboundtopayavisittoLeshanagain.第四步組句成篇用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，把以上詞匯和句式，再加上聯(lián)想內(nèi)容，組成一篇80個(gè)詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。參考范文DearTom，I’mgladtoshareatrulyfascinatingtravelexperiencethatIhadduringmylastsummerholidaywithyou.OnJuly7，myparentsandItookabustoLeshan，SichuanProvince，whichisfamousfortheGiantStoneBuddha.WewereastonishedtofindtheBuddhaisliterallymassive.Lookingupatthelargeheadanddownatthelargefeet，IfeltIwassosmall.Thenextday，itwasnotuntilweclimbedtothepeakofMountEmeithatweappreciatedtheawesomeandspectacularsceneryonthemountain.Atdusk，wemadeourwayback.Wewereallexhausted，butourtriptoLeshanwasreallyunforgettableandpleasant.Givenanotherchance，IamboundtopayavisittoLeshanagain.I’mlookingforwardtogoingtoLeshanwithyounexttime.Yours，LiHua訓(xùn)練7ReadingforWriting(A)(分值：45分)Ⅰ.完成句子(話題寫(xiě)作之旅行經(jīng)歷)(共5小題；每小題4分，滿(mǎn)分20分)1．暑假期間，我和我的父母去西藏的省會(huì)拉薩旅行，拉薩是這個(gè)地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心。Duringthissummervacation，myparentsandIwentonatriptothecapitalcityofTibet，Lhasa—thepolitical，economicandculturalcentreoftheregion.2．我把我們愉快的旅行歸功于出發(fā)前的充分準(zhǔn)備。Iowedourpleasantjourneytothefullpreparationspriortoourdeparture.3．我們看見(jiàn)西藏博物館展覽了許多文化瑰寶。WesawmanyculturaltreasuresshowninTibetMuseum.4．在那些日子里，我們都被那里的自然景色驚呆了。Duringthosedays，wewereallastonishedbythenaturalscenerythere.5．與我們城市的喧囂相反，西藏使我們感到祥和平靜。Contrarytothenoiseinourcity，Tibetmadeusfeelpeacefulandquiet.Ⅱ.閱讀理解(共4小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分10分)Sinceit’smadeupofover7,000islands，thePhilippinesisnotatrain-heavynation.Thatmeanscoachbusesaregoingtobeyourbestchoiceforgettingcity-to-city.ThereisasmalllightrailsystemintheManilametroarea(calledtheLightRailTransitSystemor“LRT”forshort)，butithasabadnameforbeingdelayedmostofthetime.Ifthephrase“coachbus”callsforthimagesofoldGreyhounds，you’reoffthemark.BecausecoachesinthePhilippinesaretheprimarymeansofintercitytransit，manypopularbuscompaniesactuallyfeatureonboardattendants(thinkflightattendants，but，youknow，onabus)aswellasentertainmentcenters，poshseats，andothercomfortableaccouterments(配備)．There’snoonecentralbuscompanyinthePhilippines，socentralbusstationsareuncommon.Thatmeansyouneedtoknowwhichcompanyyouwanttotake，whatbustogeton，andwheretocatchit.ConnectwithaFilipinolocalforhelpwhenyou’replanningyourtrip.They’llhelpyoufigureoutthewho/what/where/whenofbustransitandwalkyouthroughtheentireprocess.Besidescoachbuses，jeepneysarealsoverypopular.TheyareoldmilitaryjeepsleftoverfromtheUSoccupationofthePhilippineswhichhavesincebeenconvertedintocolorful，uniquely-Filipinoprivatebuses.They’recheap，usuallyaround10pesosperride，they’reeverywhere，andthey’reprobablythemostpopularformofmasstransitinthePhilippines.Morethananythingthough，jeepneysarecolorful.Theownerstakelotsofprideintheirrides，andit’scommontoseerichly-paintedjeepneysonmostmajorroads.Wheredoyoucatchajeepneyandwheredotheygo?Makeiteasyonyourself:haveyourlocaltripplannercontainatleastonejeepneyrideintoyourtravelplan—they’llgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在菲律賓旅行常用的幾種交通工具。)1．HowdoesacoachbusinthePhilippinesdifferfromaGreyhound?A．Oftenrunningbehindtheschedule.B．TravelingwithinthecityareaofManila.C．Paintedwithbrightcolorswithlowcost.D．Comfortableequipmentwithfineservice.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，菲律賓長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)與老舊灰狗巴士不同的是，菲律賓長(zhǎng)途客車(chē)有堪比空姐的乘務(wù)人員，有豪華舒適的座位，還有娛樂(lè)中心等配套設(shè)施。故選D。2．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Jeepneysarepopularastheyaremodernandcomfortable.B．AFilipinolocalisthebestchoicetohelpyouplanyourtrip.C．Acentralbusstationcangiveyoutheinformationyouneed.D．Coachbusesprovidetheexperienceofaflightwithlowcost.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，菲律賓沒(méi)有中央巴士公司，因此要想在菲律賓旅行順利，需要聯(lián)系菲律賓當(dāng)?shù)厝藢で髱椭?。故選B。3．WhatcanbeimpressivetransitifyoutravelinthePhilippines?A．LRT. B．Train.C．Jeepney. D．Coachbus.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段以及最后一段首句“Morethananythingthough，jeepneysarecolorful.”可知，吉普尼最具菲律賓特色，是最能給游客們留下深刻印象的交通工具。故選C。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TouristAttractionsinthePhilippinesB．CheapUniqueTransitinthePhilippinesC．OptionsofTransportationinthePhilippinesD．SpecialTravelingExperiencesinthePhilippines答案C解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...thePhilippinesisnotatrain-heavynation.Thatmeanscoachbusesaregoingtobeyourbestchoiceforgettingcity-to-city.”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了在菲律賓旅行時(shí)可以選擇的交通工具。故選C。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作(滿(mǎn)分15分)假如你是李華，前幾天你和父母一起去北京旅游了。請(qǐng)你給你的美國(guó)朋友馬克寫(xiě)一封信介紹一下這次旅游經(jīng)歷。要點(diǎn)提示如下：1．參觀了許多景點(diǎn)，如故宮、長(zhǎng)城、恭王府等；2．簡(jiǎn)要介紹其中兩處景點(diǎn)。注意：1．寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2．開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：故宮thePalaceMuseum；恭王府PrinceGong’sMansion參考范文DearMark，Howiseverythinggoing?I’dliketosharesomethingaboutthepleasanttriptoBeijingIwentonwithmyparentsrecentlywithyou.Wepaidavisittomanyfamoustouristattractions.WhatimpressedmemostwerethePalaceMuseumandtheGreatWall.Withmanytreasuresinthepalace，theformerhasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsintheworld.Thelatteristhehighlightofmytour，whichismadeofmillionsofmassiveandheavybricks，showingastonishingcraftofChinesepeople.Inaword，notonlydidthetripentertainme，butitalsobroadenedmyhorizons.IsincerelyinviteyoutovisitBeijingwithmeinthefuture.Yours，LiHua

訓(xùn)練8ReadingforWriting(B)(分值：32.5分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分20分)AAsthecarboncountdownclocktickson，citiesmustbemoreimaginativeandcooperative，alivelyroundtablehostedinNewhambyanon-profitorganizationFriendsoftheEarthsaid.“Netzeroisaroundthecorner，”saidMikeWake，DirectorofFriendsoftheEarth.“TheUKhascutgreenhousegasemission(排放)by40%todatemostlythroughthegrowthoflargerenewablegenerationonthegrid(輸電網(wǎng))，butfurthercutswillbeneededasLondontriestofindnewwaysofusingenergy.”“WhileNewhamhaslowergreenhousegasemissionperheadthantheUK，ithashighlevelsoffuelpoverty，poorairqualityandleakyhomes.Vastlyimprovedenergyefficiency，especiallyonolderandleakierhomes，alongwithmoreefficientformsofheatingandanexpansionoflowcarbonheatnetworks，willhelp，”saidWake.“Butthefuturerequiresashifttoamorecommunalsolution，”therepresentativessaid.Districtheating，whichpipeshotwaterfromacentralsourcetoconnectedhomesorbusinesses，isoftenacheaperandlower-carbonmethodofheatinghighlypopulatedareas.“It’sthelowestcostandlowcarbonsolutionforthefuture，”Wakeadded.“Therearenewtechnologiestousewastedheat，”Wakesaid.“Weworkedwithbusinessestodecarbonise(使環(huán)保)energysupply.Ratherthanwasting，spareheatgeneratedbymanufacturingandotheractivitiescanbecapturedandusedtoheatnearbyproperties.FriendsoftheEarthhasalreadyhelpedsaveNewhamthousandsoftonnesofemissionsthroughdistrictheatingplans，solarPVandmoreenergyefficientmeasuresinthehomes.”Butthechallengesaresubstantial.NewhamhasLondon’ssecond-highestrateoffuelpoverty.“Anyway，I’mconfidentandhopefulaboutthecollectivechallenge，”saidWake.“ButforNewhamtobeattheforefrontofagreeneconomy，tosolvefuelpovertyanddealwithstructuralequalities，wemustsparenoeffort.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述為了提高能源效率和實(shí)現(xiàn)“零排放”的目標(biāo)，各個(gè)城市必須更具有創(chuàng)新和合作精神。1．WhatdoesWakethinkofcuttinggreenhousegasemissionintheUK?A．Itdoesn’tworkatall.B．Itendedashorttimeago.C．Itisverydifficulttocontinue.D．Itstillneedstobeimproved.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheUKhascutgreenhousegasemission(排放)by40%...butfurthercutswillbeneededasLondontriestofindnewwaysofusingenergy.”可知，維克認(rèn)為，英國(guó)在減少溫室氣體排放方面仍需改進(jìn)。故選D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“communal”inparagraph4mean?A．Expensive. B．Peaceful.C．Public. D．Complex.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文“Districtheating，whichpipeshotwaterfromacentralsourcetoconnectedhomesorbusinesses，isoftenacheaperandlower-carbonmethodofheatinghighlypopulatedareas.”可知，未來(lái)需要轉(zhuǎn)向更加公共的解決方案。由此可知，畫(huà)線詞communal意為“公共的”。故選C。3．HowdidFriendsoftheEarthhelpprotecttheenvironment?A．Byreleasingwastedheat.B．Bystartingupmanybusinesses.C．Bymakingnationalheatingplans.D．Bysolvingtheissuesaboutenergy.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“FriendsoftheEarthhasalreadyhelpedsaveNewhamthousandsoftonnesofemissionsthroughdistrictheatingplans，solarPVandmoreenergyefficientmeasuresinthehomes.”可推知，“地球之友”組織通過(guò)解決能源問(wèn)題來(lái)減少碳排放，從而保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選D。4．WhatisWake’sattitudetothechallengesofNewham?A．Worried. B．Positive.C．Uncaring. D．Critical.答案B解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Anyway，I’mconfidentandhopefulaboutthecollectivechallenge，’saidWake.”可推知，維克對(duì)紐漢區(qū)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)充滿(mǎn)信心和希望。故選B。BSomeinsectscontainpoisonsthatdonotaffectaninsect-eatingbirduntilafterthebirdhasswallowedoneofthem.Beingswallowedisalmostalwaysfatalfortheseinsects.Howdoesaninsectbenefitbycontainingapoisonthatiseffectiveonlyafterithasbeenkilledandeaten?Thisparadox(悖論)isresolvedoncewerealizethatbirds，whicharemadeillbythepoisonbutarerarelykilledbyit，soonlearntorecognizethewarningsignalsofpoisonousinsectsandrejectthemonsight.Eatingapoisonousinsectisaneducationalexperienceforpredators(捕食者)，andthusthedeathoftheinsectvictim(受害者)servestoprotectothermembersofitsownspecies.Ontheonehand，iftheseothermembersofthespeciesarerelativesofthevictim—perhapsitsownoffspring，siblings，orfirstcousins—theirgeneticmakeupwillbesimilartothevictim’s，andmanyofthevictim’sgeneswillsurviveinthem.Ontheotherhand，aninsect’ssurvivalfitnessisnotimprovedifitkillsthebirdthateatsit.Indeed，thevictimbenefitsifthebirdsurvivesaftereatingthevictimandbecomingawareofitspoisonousproperties.Howcome?Mostbirdsareterritorial.Theyliveinasmallanddelimitedareafromwhichtheykeepoutmembersoftheirownspeciesotherthantheirmates.Ifthepoisonousinsectspeciesdoeslivewithin，oratleastpassthrough，theterritoryofsomebird，thebirdwillleavethemalonebecauseithasbeentaughtnottoattackthembythedeathoftheirrelative.Butiftheterritory-holdingbirdiskilled，itwillalmostimmediatelybereplacedbyawanderingmemberofitsownspecies，afloaterthatisstillsearchingforaterritoryofitsown.Whenanexperiencedpredatorthathaslearnednottoattacktheinsectsinquestionisreplacedbyafloaterthathappenstobeinexperienced，therelativesoftheinsectvictimdonotbenefitfromitsdeath.Thusprotectivesystemsbasedonbenign(無(wú)害的)poisonsarefarmorelikelytoevolveandcontinuethansystemsbasedondeadlypoisons.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了昆蟲(chóng)和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)之間微妙的生態(tài)平衡關(guān)系。)5．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toclarifyaconcept.B．Toprovokethinking.C．Toemphasizethetopic.D．Tointroduceaconclusion.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及下文內(nèi)容可推知，第一段旨在引發(fā)讀者思考一個(gè)看似奇怪的現(xiàn)象。故選B。6．Whyiseatingapoisonousinsectaneducationalexperienceforbirds?A．Birdswilllearntoavoidpoisonousinsects.B．Birdswilltakeinadequatenutritionafterwards.C．Birdswillwarntheirmembersofthepotentialdanger.D．Birdswilladaptthemselvestoeatingpoisonousinsects.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“...birds，whicharemadeillbythepoisonbutarerarelykilledbyit，soonlearntorecognizethewarningsignalsofpoisonousinsectsandrejectthemonsight.”可推知，吃毒蟲(chóng)讓鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)會(huì)避開(kāi)有毒的昆蟲(chóng)。故選A。7．Whatwouldbetheconsequenceifpoisonousinsectswerefataltothebirds?A．Birdswouldhavewiderterritories.B．Insectsandbirdswouldliveinharmony.C．Bothinsectsandpredatorswouldsufferloss.D．Insectswouldbecometheowneroftheterritory.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whenanexperiencedpredator...isreplacedbyafloaterthathappenstobeinexperienced，therelativesoftheinsectvictimdonotbenefitfromitsdeath.Thusprotectivesystemsbasedonbenign(無(wú)害的)poisonsarefarmorelikelytoevolveandcontinuethansystemsbasedondeadlypoisons.”可推知，如果昆蟲(chóng)的毒性致死的話，身為捕食者的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和被吃掉的昆蟲(chóng)都會(huì)遭受損失。故選C。8．Whichproverbcaninterprettheinsects’protectivesysteminaway?A．Likecureslike.B．Littlethingsamuselittleminds.C．Liveandletlive.D．Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies.答案C解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章講述了食物鏈中捕食者鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和被捕獵者昆蟲(chóng)之間通過(guò)不致死的良性中毒來(lái)保持微妙的平衡，可以用C項(xiàng)“Liveandletlive.”(相互寬容，互不干擾)來(lái)解讀。Likecureslike以毒攻毒；Littlethingsamuselittleminds小人無(wú)大志；Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies口緊不招禍。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，共12.5分)ReasonstoPutonYourRollerbladesandHitthePavementRollerblading(滑旱冰)isgreatforbuildingbalance，strengtheningmuscles，andimprovingmentalhealth.It’salsoacheap，fun，andeco-friendlywaytogetyourdailyexercisein.It’sfun.Weallknowthatweshouldbeexercisingseveraltimesaweek，andpickingaworkoutthatisfunnaturallymotivatesustogetupandgetgoing.1Thetopbenefitofrollerbladingisexercisinginwaysthatarefun，soul-filling，andmentalhealth-improving.It’scheap.Rollerbladingisalsoagreatexercisechoicebecauseitcostsver