T-CEC 153-2018并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)則

ICS27.180

F19

備案號(hào)：53939-2016

準(zhǔn)

T/CEC153—2018

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)則

Guideforloadmanagementtechnologyofgrid-connectedmicrogrid

2018-01-24發(fā)布2018-04-01實(shí)施

中國電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)發(fā)布

T/CEC153—2018

目次

前言··································································································································································III

1范圍······························································································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··················································································································································1

4基本原則······················································································································································2

5技術(shù)要求······················································································································································2

5.1總體技術(shù)要求············································································································································2

5.2數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)要求·····································································································································2

5.3計(jì)量監(jiān)測···················································································································································3

5.4負(fù)荷預(yù)測···················································································································································3

5.5負(fù)荷控制···················································································································································3

5.6電能質(zhì)量分析監(jiān)測·····································································································································4

5.7相關(guān)輔助功能············································································································································4

6并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的用電負(fù)荷管理方法···········································································································4

6.1并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營評(píng)價(jià)要求························································································································4

6.2并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)用電負(fù)荷的分類·····················································································································5

6.3關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷的管理方法··································································································································5

6.4可削減負(fù)荷的管理方法·······························································································································5

6.5可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷的管理方法·······························································································································6

6.6沖擊負(fù)荷的管理方法··································································································································6

I

T/CEC153—2018

前言

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照GB/T1.1—2009《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和編寫》給出的規(guī)則

起草。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由中國電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)提出、歸口管理并負(fù)責(zé)解釋。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起草單位：南方電網(wǎng)科學(xué)研究院有限責(zé)任公司、中國電力科學(xué)研究院、中電聯(lián)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域電

力需求側(cè)管理促進(jìn)中心、國網(wǎng)電力科學(xué)研究院、廣西電網(wǎng)有限責(zé)任公司電力科學(xué)研究院、華南理工大

學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、深圳市科陸電子科技股份有限公司。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)起草人：王巖、肖勇、陳宋宋、楊迪、雷金勇、熊孝國、許朝陽、吳凱檳、韓帥、蔣傳文、

楊蘋、田兵、李秋碩、朱賢文、吳昊文。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在執(zhí)行過程中的意見或建議反饋至中國電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理中心（北京市白廣路二

條一號(hào)，100761）。

II

T/CEC153—2018

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)則

1范圍

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理的基本原則、技術(shù)要求與方法。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的負(fù)荷管理，也適用于指導(dǎo)并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)參與需求側(cè)響應(yīng)。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件對(duì)于本文件的引用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅所注日期的版本適用于本

文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。

GB/T15148—2008電力負(fù)荷管理系統(tǒng)技術(shù)規(guī)范

GB/T32127需求響應(yīng)效果監(jiān)測與綜合效益評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)則

GB/T33589微電網(wǎng)接入電力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)規(guī)定

DL/T614—2017多功能電能表協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DL/T645—2007多功能電能表通信協(xié)議

DL/T641.5101—2002遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)第5-101部分：傳輸規(guī)約基本遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)任務(wù)配套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DL/T634.5104—2009遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)第5-104部分：傳輸規(guī)約采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳輸

DL/T755電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定導(dǎo)則

DL/T836—2012供電系統(tǒng)用戶供電可靠性評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)程

T/CEC106微電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)則

3術(shù)語和定義

GB/T33589，T/CEC106界定的以及下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)grid-connectedmicrogrid

由分布式電源、用電負(fù)荷、配電設(shè)施、監(jiān)控和保護(hù)裝置等組成，與外部電網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)運(yùn)行，且具備并

離網(wǎng)切換與獨(dú)立運(yùn)行能力的小型發(fā)配用電系統(tǒng)。

3.2

負(fù)荷管理措施loadmanagementmeasure

以提高并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行可靠性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性為原則，分類管理微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部用電負(fù)荷并使其與分布式

微電源、儲(chǔ)能等設(shè)備協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)行的系列措施。

3.3

微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營方micro-gridoperationparty

負(fù)責(zé)并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部發(fā)電、儲(chǔ)能、負(fù)荷運(yùn)營管理的市場主體，一般為大用戶、第三方能源服務(wù)

公司等。

3.4

自平衡能力self-balancingcapacity

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)在一定的周期內(nèi)通過內(nèi)部微電源、儲(chǔ)能或可控負(fù)荷資源協(xié)調(diào)配合，滿足內(nèi)部負(fù)荷用

電需求的能力。

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T/CEC153—2018

4基本原則

4.1并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)根據(jù)微電網(wǎng)的實(shí)際情況作出統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃、可行性研究和設(shè)計(jì)，并應(yīng)保證

微電網(wǎng)整體運(yùn)行的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性；

4.2負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)應(yīng)與并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行模式、分布式電源和儲(chǔ)能裝置的狀態(tài)相配合；

4.3并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)遵循電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和用戶用電可靠性管理的基本原則；

4.4并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)按照負(fù)荷等級(jí)和負(fù)荷類型設(shè)定不同的方案，并采取相應(yīng)的分級(jí)管理

辦法；

4.5并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)有調(diào)整潛力的負(fù)荷主動(dòng)參與需求響應(yīng)。

5技術(shù)要求

5.1總體技術(shù)要求

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)應(yīng)涵蓋數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)、計(jì)量監(jiān)測技術(shù)、負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)、負(fù)荷控制技

術(shù)、電能質(zhì)量分析監(jiān)測技術(shù)及相關(guān)輔助功能，并應(yīng)確保負(fù)荷管理系統(tǒng)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)陌踩珳?zhǔn)確與負(fù)荷控

制調(diào)度的可靠，且應(yīng)能夠滿足與并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)其他系統(tǒng)或配電網(wǎng)調(diào)度系統(tǒng)的交互技術(shù)要求。

5.2數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)要求

5.2.1數(shù)據(jù)采集邏輯架構(gòu)

數(shù)據(jù)采集邏輯框架如圖1所示，并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成可分為3層：采集層、子站層、傳輸層，

其中遠(yuǎn)方主站為電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理主站。

圖1數(shù)據(jù)采集邏輯架構(gòu)

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T/CEC153—2018

5.2.2數(shù)據(jù)采集內(nèi)容

a）遙測數(shù)據(jù)：如電量、功率、電壓、電流、功率因數(shù)、溫度等。

b）遙信數(shù)據(jù)：如開關(guān)狀態(tài)、事故信號(hào)、異常信號(hào)等遙信信號(hào)。

c）遙控?cái)?shù)據(jù)：如遠(yuǎn)方控制投退。

d）其他數(shù)據(jù)：如用電異常事件、時(shí)鐘等。

5.2.3數(shù)據(jù)采集通信

a）應(yīng)滿足并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷監(jiān)控的實(shí)時(shí)性要求。

b）通信接口：應(yīng)支持以太網(wǎng)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)串行接口。

c）通信協(xié)議：可以采用DL/T634-5-101、DL/T634-5-104、Modbus等通信協(xié)議。

5.2.4與遠(yuǎn)方主站傳輸

a）傳輸安全：應(yīng)具有安全認(rèn)證、信息傳輸加密等安全防護(hù)措施。

b）傳輸通道：可以采用光纖專網(wǎng)、無線專網(wǎng)和無線公網(wǎng)等通信方式。

c）通信方式：應(yīng)支持TCP/IP協(xié)議，負(fù)荷管理子站作為SCOKET客戶端連接。

5.3計(jì)量監(jiān)測

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)具備計(jì)量監(jiān)測技術(shù)，對(duì)微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)負(fù)荷、電量及相關(guān)設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行動(dòng)

態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測，并對(duì)用戶用電的異常信息提供報(bào)警功能。計(jì)量監(jiān)測技術(shù)應(yīng)滿足以下要求：

a）在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)、電源點(diǎn)、負(fù)荷點(diǎn)應(yīng)安裝計(jì)量監(jiān)測裝置；

b）計(jì)量監(jiān)測裝置應(yīng)具備計(jì)量、監(jiān)控、報(bào)警、顯示、凍結(jié)、通信、維護(hù)等功能；

c）并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)、電源點(diǎn)計(jì)量監(jiān)測裝置應(yīng)具有雙向計(jì)量功能；

d）計(jì)量裝置其他技術(shù)要求應(yīng)符合DL/T614、DL/T645的規(guī)定。

5.4負(fù)荷預(yù)測

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)具備負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)，為微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)負(fù)荷的控制與調(diào)度提供預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。

負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)應(yīng)滿足以下要求：

a）負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)應(yīng)具備七日短期負(fù)荷預(yù)測能力，即次日到第八日，每日按照96點(diǎn)編制；

b）負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)應(yīng)具備5min超短期負(fù)荷預(yù)測能力，即當(dāng)期時(shí)刻開始整5min時(shí)刻點(diǎn)的未來若干

時(shí)段的負(fù)荷；

c）負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)應(yīng)考慮微電網(wǎng)中儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備狀態(tài)對(duì)負(fù)荷預(yù)測邊界約束條件的影響；

d）負(fù)荷預(yù)測技術(shù)應(yīng)考慮微電網(wǎng)中光伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)電等不穩(wěn)定電源對(duì)負(fù)荷供應(yīng)的影響。

5.5負(fù)荷控制

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)具備負(fù)荷控制技術(shù)，可對(duì)微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)可控負(fù)荷進(jìn)行遙控或自動(dòng)控制，實(shí)現(xiàn)

功率控制。負(fù)荷控制技術(shù)應(yīng)滿足以下要求：

a）微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)功率調(diào)節(jié)除具備本地調(diào)節(jié)功能外，應(yīng)能受控于需求響應(yīng)發(fā)起方，允許其修改并網(wǎng)

點(diǎn)功率指令值，并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)能根據(jù)指令值調(diào)整并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)功率，響應(yīng)速率和控制精度滿足需求

響應(yīng)發(fā)起方的要求。

b）并離網(wǎng)切換控制除具備本地并離網(wǎng)切換控制外，應(yīng)能受控于需求響應(yīng)發(fā)起方，允許其對(duì)并網(wǎng)型

微電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行并離網(wǎng)切換控制，并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)應(yīng)能根據(jù)指令控制微電網(wǎng)并離網(wǎng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，切換時(shí)

間滿足需求響應(yīng)發(fā)起方的要求。

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c）遙控對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸信道的要求見GB/T15148—2008。

5.6電能質(zhì)量分析監(jiān)測

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)具備電能質(zhì)量分析監(jiān)測技術(shù)，對(duì)微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)各用戶用電的電壓、頻率、功

率因數(shù)、諧波質(zhì)量、電壓不平衡度等電能質(zhì)量指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析監(jiān)測。

5.7相關(guān)輔助功能

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理應(yīng)具備相關(guān)輔助功能，包括但不限于數(shù)據(jù)合理性檢查、事件處理、信息報(bào)

表、需求側(cè)管理支持、電力營銷支持等技術(shù)。

6并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的用電負(fù)荷管理方法

6.1并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營評(píng)價(jià)要求

6.1.1運(yùn)營經(jīng)濟(jì)性評(píng)價(jià)

全過程評(píng)價(jià)方法

a）全過程評(píng)價(jià)方法應(yīng)考慮：

1）分布式電源、儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備的投資與維護(hù)成本；

2）向大電網(wǎng)購電的成本和并網(wǎng)送電的收入；

3）并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部的需求側(cè)資源參與響應(yīng)的收入等。

b）全過程評(píng)價(jià)方法的計(jì)算方法：

1）凈成本＝設(shè)備固定成本＋設(shè)備維護(hù)成本＋購電成本－上網(wǎng)收入－響應(yīng)補(bǔ)償

2）固定成本：應(yīng)采用總等年值成本估算，針對(duì)儲(chǔ)能裝置還要考慮在全生命周期內(nèi)更換設(shè)備的

投入。

3）設(shè)備維護(hù)成本：應(yīng)根據(jù)分布式電源、儲(chǔ)能裝置的配置容量進(jìn)行估算，配置容量應(yīng)考慮到周

期內(nèi)峰荷增長的需求。

4）購電成本和上網(wǎng)送電收入：應(yīng)以周期內(nèi)平均電價(jià)估算。

5）響應(yīng)補(bǔ)償：應(yīng)根據(jù)可控負(fù)荷的配置比例，通過估計(jì)單位補(bǔ)償成本進(jìn)行計(jì)算。

階段性的評(píng)價(jià)方法

a）階段性的評(píng)價(jià)方法應(yīng)考慮：

1）設(shè)備的維護(hù)成本；

2）階段性的電價(jià)變化情況，估算供電和送電的成本、收入；

3）根據(jù)并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)參與需求響應(yīng)類型的不同，計(jì)算其響應(yīng)收入。

b）階段性評(píng)價(jià)方法的計(jì)算方法：

1）凈成本＝維護(hù)成本＋購電成本-上網(wǎng)收入-響應(yīng)補(bǔ)償。

2）購電成本和上網(wǎng)送電收入：應(yīng)充分考慮時(shí)段電價(jià)、補(bǔ)貼電價(jià)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。

3）響應(yīng)補(bǔ)償：應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際參與的需求響應(yīng)類型不同，計(jì)算方法參照GB/T32127。

6.1.2供電可靠性評(píng)價(jià)

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部的供電可靠性評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)遵循DL/T836的基本要求。評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇不可中斷

負(fù)荷；針對(duì)可控負(fù)荷實(shí)施供電可靠性評(píng)價(jià)，應(yīng)剔除其由于參與需求響應(yīng)而引起的中斷用電時(shí)長、中斷

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負(fù)荷容量、避免用電量等因素。

供電可靠性評(píng)價(jià)計(jì)算公式：

a）用戶平均停電次數(shù)＝∑每次停電用戶數(shù)/總供電用戶數(shù)；

b）用戶平均停電時(shí)間＝∑（每次停電時(shí)間×每次停電用戶數(shù)）/總供電用戶數(shù)；

c）供電可靠率＝［1－（用戶平均停電時(shí)間－用戶平均限電停電時(shí)間）/統(tǒng)計(jì)期間時(shí)間］×100%。

6.2并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)用電負(fù)荷的分類

基于微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可靠性的評(píng)價(jià)要求，分為關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷、可削減負(fù)荷、可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷，以及對(duì)

微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)有較大影響的沖擊負(fù)荷：

a）關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷：又稱為重要負(fù)荷，當(dāng)這類裝置和設(shè)備不能正常運(yùn)行時(shí)，將危及到人身安全，并/或

造成功能下降、經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，或被用戶認(rèn)為會(huì)對(duì)其財(cái)產(chǎn)造成重大的損失。

b）可削減負(fù)荷：可根據(jù)需要對(duì)用電量進(jìn)行一定削減的負(fù)荷，如空調(diào)、照明等。

c）可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷：即在一個(gè)調(diào)度周期內(nèi)總用電量不變，但用電特性靈活，各時(shí)段用電量可靈活調(diào)節(jié)

的負(fù)荷，如電動(dòng)汽車換電站、冰蓄冷、儲(chǔ)能以及工商業(yè)用戶的部分負(fù)荷等。

d）沖擊負(fù)荷：具有周期性或非周期性特征，突然變化很大的負(fù)荷。一般出現(xiàn)最大負(fù)荷的時(shí)間很

短，但其峰值可能是其平均負(fù)荷的數(shù)倍或數(shù)十倍。如電弧煉鋼爐、軋鋼機(jī)等。

6.3關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷的管理方法

以滿足供電可靠性要求為主要原則，主要考慮的措施有：

a）應(yīng)配置相應(yīng)的儲(chǔ)能裝置，設(shè)置位置與關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷的電氣距離和物理距離盡量近；

b）應(yīng)合理配置并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的自平衡能力，保證孤島運(yùn)行條件下的可靠運(yùn)行；

c）應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加分布式電源和儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備的容量，保證微電網(wǎng)孤島模式下的能量供需平衡。

6.4可削減負(fù)荷的管理方法

6.4.1并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下的管理方法

微電網(wǎng)在并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下，應(yīng)該按照以下原則進(jìn)行管理：

a）考慮微電網(wǎng)在并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下，根據(jù)分布式電源的出力特性、分時(shí)段電價(jià)的需要進(jìn)行調(diào)整，通

過削峰填谷、臨時(shí)中斷管理等方式提高運(yùn)營的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。

b）考慮微電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的條件下，參與不同類型的需求響應(yīng)的要求：根據(jù)大電網(wǎng)的響應(yīng)指令，合

理配置微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)部的發(fā)電、儲(chǔ)能和負(fù)荷資源參與電價(jià)型或激勵(lì)型需求響應(yīng)。

c）考慮微電網(wǎng)在并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下，完善配套軟硬件資源，加強(qiáng)微電網(wǎng)管理系統(tǒng)與調(diào)度機(jī)構(gòu)以及可

控負(fù)荷與可削減電器之間的通信。

d）考慮微電網(wǎng)在并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下，緊急情況下有機(jī)結(jié)合錯(cuò)峰優(yōu)化、輪休優(yōu)化、限電分配優(yōu)化等多

種負(fù)荷管理方法。

6.4.2離網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下的管理方法

微電網(wǎng)在離網(wǎng)運(yùn)行條件下，應(yīng)該按照以下原則進(jìn)行管理：

a）按照負(fù)荷重要等級(jí)合理配置供電資源，依托柴油發(fā)電機(jī)、冷熱電三聯(lián)供等可控發(fā)電資源，優(yōu)先

滿足重要負(fù)荷可靠用電需求。

b）依據(jù)負(fù)荷重要程度及負(fù)荷開關(guān)位置，制訂負(fù)荷削減策略，利用電價(jià)或其他激勵(lì)手段，引導(dǎo)非工

業(yè)用戶制冷、制熱、通風(fēng)負(fù)荷以及工業(yè)用戶生產(chǎn)輔助負(fù)荷優(yōu)先參與負(fù)荷削減計(jì)劃。

c）合理配置儲(chǔ)能資源，進(jìn)一步提高微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行可靠性。

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6.5可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷的管理方法

可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷的管理以保證供電可靠性的同時(shí)用電成本最小為原則：

a）可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷能通過調(diào)節(jié)用電時(shí)間和用電模式實(shí)現(xiàn)合理用電，且不影響用戶的用電體驗(yàn)。

b）可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)段內(nèi)，功率滿足不超過最大功率的要求，設(shè)備完成一項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)時(shí)，耗

電量應(yīng)不小于最小耗電量。

c）可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷設(shè)備可通過轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)備的用電時(shí)段，在保證用戶可靠用電的前提下參與電網(wǎng)的需

求響應(yīng)。

6.6沖擊負(fù)荷的管理方法

沖擊負(fù)荷的管理應(yīng)該遵照以下原則：

a）微電網(wǎng)在孤島運(yùn)行條件下，應(yīng)考慮沖擊負(fù)荷的啟動(dòng)與運(yùn)行策略要求。

b）微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)的沖擊負(fù)荷宜采用專線供電；當(dāng)沖擊負(fù)荷與其他種類負(fù)荷共用線路時(shí)，應(yīng)降低該線路

的阻抗。

c）具有較大功率的沖擊性負(fù)荷和沖擊性負(fù)荷群，不應(yīng)與對(duì)電壓波動(dòng)和閃變敏感的負(fù)荷接在同一變

壓器上。

d）沖擊負(fù)荷形成的超標(biāo)的負(fù)序電流易造成繼電保護(hù)裝置和安全自動(dòng)裝置的誤動(dòng)作，應(yīng)以不對(duì)稱度

最大的運(yùn)行工況進(jìn)行計(jì)算，使得沖擊負(fù)荷的不對(duì)稱運(yùn)行影響指標(biāo)在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)。

e）沖擊負(fù)荷運(yùn)行中會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的電流沖擊，造成微電網(wǎng)電壓的快速波動(dòng)和閃變，可安裝動(dòng)態(tài)無功

補(bǔ)償裝置或有源濾波器來控制。

f）沖擊負(fù)荷會(huì)產(chǎn)生非正弦畸變和各次諧波，引起電氣設(shè)備的發(fā)熱、振動(dòng)，對(duì)附近的通信線路產(chǎn)生

信號(hào)干擾，應(yīng)安裝諧波補(bǔ)償裝置。

g）在具有嚴(yán)重功率沖擊、三相不平衡、諧波、電壓電流劇變等條件下，宜采用三相瞬時(shí)無功理論

作為新型計(jì)量表計(jì)的計(jì)量算法。

h）設(shè)計(jì)的沖擊負(fù)荷計(jì)量軟件，應(yīng)包括數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)視收集模塊、沖擊負(fù)荷計(jì)量算法模塊、通信模塊及驅(qū)

動(dòng)模塊等，提高對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷的計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確度。

i）針對(duì)沖擊負(fù)荷電流沖擊大、波形非正弦、變化隨機(jī)頻繁等特點(diǎn)，其計(jì)量裝置的硬件設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)滿足

采集通道頻帶寬、動(dòng)態(tài)范圍大和計(jì)量精度高等要求。

6

2018

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153

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中國電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷管理技術(shù)導(dǎo)則

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目次

前言··································································································································································III

1范圍······························································································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件··········································································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··················································································································································1

4基本原則······················································································································································2

5技術(shù)要求······················································································································································2

5.1總體技術(shù)要求············································································································································2

5.2數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)要求·····································································································································2

5.3計(jì)量監(jiān)測···················································································································································3

5.4負(fù)荷預(yù)測···················································································································································3

5.5負(fù)荷控制···················································································································································3

5.6電能質(zhì)量分析監(jiān)測·····································································································································4

5.7相關(guān)輔助功能············································································································································4

6并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)的用電負(fù)荷管理方法···········································································································4

6.1并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營評(píng)價(jià)要求························································································································4

6.2并網(wǎng)型微電網(wǎng)用電負(fù)荷的分類·····················································································································5

6.3關(guān)鍵負(fù)荷的管理方法··································································································································5

6.4可削減負(fù)荷的管理方法·······························································································································5

6.5可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷的管理方法·······························································································································6

6.6沖擊負(fù)荷的管理方法································································