英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題1

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethan

two-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresident

Trump'suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe

filteredthroughothersource,Notapresident,s

socialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdaily

headlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,

peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedia

literacyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.During

the20XXpresidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterof

webcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthe

politicallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,

accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.Andasurvey

conductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentof

Facebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe

mediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeed

beingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfiction

incyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurvey

ofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse

“distributedtrustwtoverifystories.Theycross-

checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferent

perspectives——especiallythosethatareopenabout

anybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof

personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesand

activelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,wthe

surveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A

20XXsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andthe

UnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison

foundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedia

ledtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenews

eventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealso

permittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionof

theirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobe

moreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalong

information.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfound

thetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenews

phenomenonis“readererror,wmoresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Abouta

thirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin

“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”

viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetoshare

newsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.

“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonal

responsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,wsays

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-

tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldiscipline

inthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhento

shareonsocialmedia.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,many

youngAmericanscastdoubtson

[A]thejustificationofthenews-filtering

practice.

[B]people'spreferenceforsocialmedia

platforms.

[C]theadministrationsabilitytohandle

information.

[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)is

closestinmeaningto

[A]sharpen

[B]define

[C]boast

[D]share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,

youngpeople

[A]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchangeviewsonadistributed

trustw

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincausefor

thefakenewsproblemis

[A]readersoutdatedvalues.

[B]journalists?biasedreporting

[C]readers'misinterpretation

[D]journalists'made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle

forthetext?

[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNews

Online

[B]ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweeting

Trend

[C]TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocial

Media.

[D]ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonal

Interests.

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題2

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankof

AmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisingly

straightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinthe

usualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhe

wasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”

Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmy

decision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewas

talkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartford

FinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedup

gavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhe

wantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetothe

outsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn't

alone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvon

andAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthat

theywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboards

scrutinizesuccessionplansinresponseto

shareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthe

nodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusiness

environmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousof

lettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotake

hold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethe

jumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEO

turnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingto

LiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,

opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookfor

abetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutives

andheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthe

mostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomust

bepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennis

Carey："Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI,vedone

whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookat

sittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talways

landedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitas

chiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewanted

tobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadof

atinyInternet-basedmoditiesexchange.Robert

WillumstadleftCitigroupin20XXwithambitionsto

beaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajor

financialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfor

topperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmore

acceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

“Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhere

youare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,“

saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurt

theworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,his

mannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,senior

executives'quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[Bitheirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)

mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph

that

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor

thetext?

[A]CEOs：WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs：AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題3

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertising

budgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhich

half.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,this

fractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhat

peoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,panies

canaim“behavioural“adsatthosemostlikelyto

buy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhas

illustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-

grainedinformation：Shouldadvertisersassumethat

peoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioural

ads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember20XXAmerica'sFederalTrade

Commission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack

"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatusers

couldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobe

followed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple's

SafaribothofferDNT；Google'sChromeisduetodo

sothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigital

AdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustry

wouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow：Itsaid

thatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappear

windows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.

GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostop

tracking,althoughsomepanieshavepromisedtodoso.

Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectsto

behaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwith

Microsoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignal

andpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.

Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsays

willplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstill

workingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,

whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbeethe

norm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugeselling

pointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhasparedsomeof

itsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthat

countbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schief

privacyofficer,bloggde："webelieveconsumersshould

havemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that

“behavioural“adshelpadvertisersto：

[A]easepetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustryw(Line6,Para.3)refersto：

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-merceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasa

default

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingto

Paragraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioural

ads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendon

Lynchsaidinhisblogisoneof：

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciaction

[D]skepticism

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考研真題4

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemore

hostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---

withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.Butthere

arefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsfor

plaintthanAmerica.

Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,

spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceas

fastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-

fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopile

intolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergeta

big-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbeethekindof

nuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystema

costlynightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneisthe

excessivecostsofalegaleducation.Thereisjust

onepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates：a

four-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200law

schoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociation

andanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.This

leavestoday'saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith

$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-

schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomely

hard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersand

theircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundfor

alongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgovern

theprofessionhavebeentooconservativeto

implementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudy

lawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristolet

studentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflaw

school.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtest

forawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearlier

shouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneed

theextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbya

third.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighisthe

restrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthe

business.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-

lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.This

keepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereis

pressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,but

opponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthat

keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyers

fromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserve

clientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlaw

firmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicesto

customers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnology

andtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocuson

improvingfirms'efficiency.Afterall,other

countries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,have

startedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.America

shouldfollow.

26.alotofst