Unit 3　Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 教案 高中英語譯林版（選擇性必修第二冊）

SectionⅢGrammarandusage閱讀以下短文，感悟加黑部分所使用的時態(tài)和語態(tài)DuFu：China’sGreatestPoet，aBBCone-hourdocumentary，waslaunchedonApril6,2020.ItisthefirsttimethatDu’slife①hasbeenputinaglobalcontext.FortheChinese，Duismorethanapoet；he②hasbeenactingastheguardianofthemoralityofthenationuptodate.Bornin712，DulivedthroughtheviolentfalloftheTangDynastywhenwars，floodsandfaminesalmostruinedthecountry.Inhispoems，hepouredouthisconcernforhiscountryandpeopleaswellastheimportanceofcelebratingthefewsimplejoysoflife.Thisdocumentaryisamust-see.TohelpWesternaudiencesmakesenseofthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature，DuiscomparedtoChina’sShakespeareinthisdocumentary.AlsotheprograminvitedMcKellen，whoplayedGandalfinTheLordoftheRingsmovies，toread15ofDu’spoemsthathadbeentranslatedintoEnglish.Thesecanhelpforeignersbetterunderstandwhat③hasmadeDu’sworkssospecial.Inaway，thedocumentary④hasbeendisplayingthecharmoftraditionalChineseliteraturetotheworld，inspiringmorepeoplearoundtheglobetolearnChineseTangpoems.[語法感知]以上短文中①③的時態(tài)都是現(xiàn)在完成時，其主動語態(tài)的結構是has/havedone，被動語態(tài)的結構是has/havebeendone；②④的時態(tài)都是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，其結構是has/havebeendoing。一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的形式肯定句：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)否定句：have/hasnotbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)疑問句：Have/Has＋主語＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)＋...?OurgovernmenthasbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeopleformanyyears.多年來，我們的政府一直在用公益廣告來教育人們。Shehasbeennotcommunicatingwithothersverballyforthelastfouryears，exceptforafewwordsnowandthen.在過去的四年里，她一直沒有和他人進行口頭交流，除了偶爾蹦出幾個詞。Hashebeenbuyingandsellingsincehesucceededtothatbigfortune，amilliondollars?自從他繼承了那一百萬美元的巨款后，他一直都在做買賣工作嗎？二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法1．延續(xù)：表示開始于過去的活動持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且活動往往還沒有結束，將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去?！猈hy，Jack？Youlooksotired!—Well，IhavebeenpaintingthehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.——為什么，杰克？你看上去很累啊！——對，我一直在粉刷屋子，而且明天必須得刷完。(強調(diào)一直在做，并且還將持續(xù))MaryhasbeengoingtowritingclasseseverynightsinceJuneandthecoursewillendthisweek.從6月開始，瑪麗每天晚上去上寫作課，這個課程將于這周結束。(瑪麗每晚上寫作課的狀態(tài)從過去持續(xù)到未來)2．重復：到目前為止的一段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的活動?！狪sn’tithardtodrivetodowntowntowork?—Yes，that’swhyIhavebeengoingtoworkbytrain.——開車去市中心上班難道不麻煩嗎？——很麻煩，這就是我一直坐火車去上班的原因。(到現(xiàn)在一直坐火車去上班，強調(diào)重復性和持續(xù)性)Sincehumankindstartedgardening，wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自從人類開始搞園藝活動到現(xiàn)在，我們一直都在努力讓我們的環(huán)境更美麗。(表示到現(xiàn)在一直努力做，強調(diào)重復性和持續(xù)性)3．感情色彩：和進行時一樣，現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以帶有說話人的感情色彩(如贊揚、厭惡、抱怨等)。Wherehaveyoubeen？Ihavebeenwaitingforyouintherainfortwohours.你去哪了？我在雨中等了你兩個小時。(抱怨)Hehasbeenworkingasavolunteerforfifteenyears，whichreallyisn’taneasything.他已經(jīng)做了十五年的志愿者，這真不是一件容易的事。(贊揚)三、現(xiàn)在完成進行時需要注意的幾點1．現(xiàn)在完成進行時常和以下時間狀語連用：for＋時間段，always，since，thesedays/years，recently，allthetime，allday/week/afternoon...，howlong...等。SincethefirstmodernOlympicGameswereheldin1896，athletesandfanshavealwaysbeentryingtoget“their”sportsintotheOlympics.自從1896年第一屆現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運動會舉辦以來，運動員及運動愛好者一直努力使“他們的”運動成為奧林匹克運動會上的比賽項目。2．有些動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時(1)表示狀態(tài)的動詞：be，have，exist，belong，own等；(2)表示感情的動詞：like，love，hate，detest等；(3)表示感覺的動詞：see，hear，feel，sound等；(4)其他動詞：believe，doubt，want，wish，agree，include，order，know等。(正)Hehashadaterribleheadacheforthelastfewdays.他最近幾天頭疼得很厲害。(誤)Hehasbeenhavingaterribleheadacheforthelastfewdays.3．現(xiàn)在完成時可以與never，ever，yet，already等連用，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則不能與它們連用。(正)ThereisnothingnewinthebookinthatIhavealreadyreaditthreetimes.這本書中沒有什么新東西，因為我已經(jīng)看了三遍了。(誤)ThereisnothingnewinthebookinthatIhavealreadybeenreadingitthreetimes.疑難辨析現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或表達某種情感，還可以表示動作的重復。現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的完成性，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或產(chǎn)生的結果，一般不表示動作的重復性。試比較：(1)Theyhavebeendiscussingtheplanforaweek，butnodecisionhasbeenmade.一周以來他們一直在討論那個計劃，但尚未作出任何決定。(2)Theyhavediscussedtheplanforaweek，andthedecisionisthattheyshouldtrytheirbesttoattractinvestors.他們已經(jīng)討論這個計劃一周了，決定是他們應該盡最大努力吸引投資者。分析：第(1)句中根據(jù)nodecision可知沒有作出決定，說明討論這個動作并未完成，之前應該是一直在討論。使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作discuss的延續(xù)，而且可以反復進行，表示一次又一次的討論。第(2)句中根據(jù)thedecisionisthat...可知決定已經(jīng)作出，說明討論這個動作已經(jīng)完成，討論已經(jīng)結束。使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示discuss這個動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，不表示動作的重復性。Ⅰ.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空1．ThisisthesecondtimethatIhaveseen(see)thefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin.2．Wehavebeen(be)friendseversincewemetatschool.3．Alicehascompeted(compete)intheAthensMarathontwicebefore，buthopestoachieveherbesttimethisyear.4．Ihavebeencleaning(clean)theroomthismorningandIhavetocontinuemywork.5．—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIhavebeenpractising(practise)alotthesedays.6．Motherwantstobeagoodprovider，aroleshehasbeenshouldering(shoulder)sincehermarriagetoFather.7．Eric：Youhavebeendialing(dial)thatnumberallthetimesinceyoucameintotheoffice.Whomdoyouwanttospeakto?Delia：I’mtryingtogetourParisoffice.Ihavecalled(call)itfivetimesandhaven’tgot(notget)throughyet.WhatshouldIdo?8．Thenumberofvisitorshasbeenrising(rise)steadilysincethereopening，despiteasharpdeclinecomparedtonormalyears.9．—I’mfedupwiththewet，coldweatherhere！Iwishtomorrowasunnyday!—Exactly.Actually，ithasbeenraining(rain)everydayinthepasttwoweeks.10．Sincelastmonth，George，alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates，hasbeenlonging(long)fora20-yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.Ⅱ.完成句子1．史密斯先生和他的學生們?nèi)杖找挂苟荚跒檫@個項目工作，以便提前完成任務。MrSmith，alongwithhisstudents，isworking/hasbeenworkingontheprojectdayandnightinordertofinishthetaskaheadoftime.2．——托馬斯，你的眼睛為什么紅了？——在過去五分鐘里我一直在切洋蔥?！猅homas，whyareyoureyesred?—Ihavebeencuttinguponionsforthelastfiveminutes.3．我已經(jīng)把門漆過了，現(xiàn)在它看起來像一扇新的。Ihavepaintedthedoorandnowitlookslikeanewone.4．——狼先生，你這些天在忙什么？——我一直試著去抓些山羊，但是到目前為止還沒有抓到過一只?！狹rWolf，whathaveyoubeenbusydoingthesedays?—Ihavebeentryingtocatchgoats，buthavenevercaughtasingleonesofar.訓練3Grammarandusage[分值：74.5分]Ⅰ.單句語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)1．Ihavebeentrying(try)tophoneher，butIstillcan’tgetthrough.2．Allthemachineshadbeenrepaired(repair)bytheendoflastweek.3．Whatsurprisesmemostisthatthecountrysidehaschanged(change)alotinthepastfewdays.4．EversinceIgraduatedfromuniversity，Ihavebeenstudying/havestudied(study)marketingstrategies.5．ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisited(visit)thecitymuseum，whichhasagreateffectonme.6．Uptonowhehaswritten(write)100poems，whicharepopularwithchildrenalloverthecountry.7．Ihavebeenliving(live)herefor10yearsandIdon’tintendtoleavehere.8．Hewillbeattending(attend)animportantconferenceatthistimetomorrow.9．Atpresentwearehaving(have)aninterestingEnglishclass.10．Morepatientshavebeentreated(treat)inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.Ⅱ.完成句子(共6小題；每小題2分，共12分)1．近年來，越來越多的中國城市開始建造地鐵。這有助于減少交通擁堵和空氣污染。Inrecentyears，moreandmorecitiesinChinahavebeguntobuildsubways，whichhelpstoreducetrafficcongestionandairpollution.2．我已經(jīng)等了一個小時了，他還沒有出現(xiàn)。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedupyet.3．泰山已成為中國一處主要的旅游景點。MountTaihasbecomeoneoftheleadingtouristattractionsinChina.4．在過去的幾十年里，高鐵極大地改變了中國人的生活方式。Inthepastfewdecades，thehigh-speedrailhastremendouslychangedChinesepeople’swayoflife.5．我很累，我工作了一個上午了。I’mverytiredandI’vebeenworkingallmorning.6．她的電話響了十分鐘了，她為什么不接呢？Herphonehasbeenringingfortenminutes.Whydoesn’tsheanswerit?Ⅲ.閱讀理解(共8小題；每小題2.5分，共20分)AAnimmersiveandslow-pacedCitywalkisbecomingtrendyacrossChina.Incontrasttorushingpastovercrowdedtouristlandmarks，thenewtrendhasemerged(出現(xiàn))asapopularalternativetoexplorebusymarkets，ancientstreets，andcharmingalleysataleisurelypace.TheappealofCitywalkcatersparticularlytotheyoungergenerationoftencaughtupindemandingworkschedules.Asevidencedbytheincreasingpopularityofhashtagslike“Citywalkforvacation”onalifestylesharingplatform，withastaggering465millionviewsandnearly464,600engagements，thetrendistrulycapturingunbelievableattention.Citywalk，ormeanderingthroughtheurbanlandscapes，meanstheactofwalkingfreelyalongcitystreetsunburdenedbyexhaustiveplans.Itofferspeopleanavenuetointimatelyexperienceurbancultureandlocaltraditions.Citywalkisnotmerelyaboutsightseeing.Itcreatesanopportunityforsocialinteractionsanddeepconnectionswiththecities.Citywalkroutesaretailoredtothespecificinterestsofbothout-of-towntouristsandlocals.Fortourists，thefocusisonsharinglocalcustomsandtraditions，whileforlocals，discussionsrevolvearoundthecity’spast，present，andfuture.ThegrowingtrendofCitywalkreflectsachangingattitudetowardslife，embracing(欣然接受)awarmer，morerelaxed，andslower-pacedlifestyle.AsCitywalkexpandsbeyondfirst-tiercitieslikeBeijing，Shanghai，andGuangzhou，tosecond-andthird-tiercitiesacrossthecountry，itbringsfreshopportunitiesforthetourismindustry，insuchareasasdining，shopping，andaccommodation.GovernmentsinBeijingandShandonghaverecognizedthepotentialofCitywalk，incorporatingitintotheiractionplanstopromoteculturaltourismandleisureactivities.InShanghai，publicbuslinesspeciallydesignedhavebeenintroducedtoelevatetheoverallCitywalkforparticipants.“Byslowingdownanddelvinginto(探究)thenarrowalleys，observingthelivesofcityresidents，andimmersingoneselfinthecontextofmuseumsandartgalleries，oneisentitledtoembracethepleasureoflife，”saidLuoJun，aculturaltourismenthusiast.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了沉浸式的慢節(jié)奏城市漫步在中國正成為一種時尚。)1．What’sthemainreasonforthepopularityofCitywalkamongyoungpeople?A．Itmainlyfocusesonurbansightseeing.B．Socialmediaoffermanytemptingvideos.C．Busyworkschedulelimitsthechoiceofpeople.D．Conventionaltouristlandmarksarelosingcharm.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheappealofCitywalkcatersparticularlytotheyoungergenerationoftencaughtupindemandingworkschedules.”可知，城市漫步受年輕人的歡迎主要是因為他們平時經(jīng)常被繁忙的工作日程所困。故選C。2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“staggering”inthesecondparagraph?A．Astonishing. B．Rewarding.C．Embarrassing. D．Shrinking.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句后半部分“thetrendistrulycapturingunbelievableattention”可知，這一趨勢引起的廣泛關注令人難以置信，從而推知畫線詞意思是“難以置信的，令人驚訝的”。故選A。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTCitywalk?A．AnimmersiverouteforforeignerstoenjoythealleysinChengdu.B．AholidaytraveltohurriedlyvisitcrowdedlandmarksinShanghai.C．AfreewalkincludingvisitingmuseumsandoldtownsinQingdao.D．AleisurelytouralongQiantangRivertoexperiencecitytransformation.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“Animmersiveandslow-pacedCitywalkisbecomingtrendyacrossChina.Incontrasttorushingpastovercrowdedtouristlandmarks，thenewtrendhasemerged(出現(xiàn))asapopularalternativetoexplorebusymarkets，ancientstreets，andcharmingalleysataleisurelypace.”可知，城市漫步不包括“匆忙游覽上海擁擠的地標的假日旅行”。故選B。4．WhathavesomegovernmentsdonetopromoteCitywalk?A．Facilitiesinthemuseumshavebeenenhanced.B．Cooperationhasbeenstrengthenedamongcities.C．Opportunitieshavebeenofferedtothird-tiercities.D．Specificpublictransportationrouteshavebeenintroduced.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“InShanghai，publicbuslinesspeciallydesignedhavebeenintroducedtoelevatetheoverallCitywalkforparticipants.”可知，一些政府為了促進城市漫步引入了特定的公共交通路線。故選D。BRecently，therehavebeenhugeadvancesinArtificialIntelligence(AI)programsthatcreateart.Theprograms，whichcreateartworksbasedonshortdescriptions，haveamazedmanypeople.Theyhavealsoraiseddifficultquestions.InApril，NewsForKreportedonDall-E2，atoolfromOpenAI.Dall-E2usesAItocreateincrediblepaintings，photos，andotherartworksinmanydifferentstylesbasedonsimpledescriptions.Sincethen，OpenAIhaschangeditsrulestoallowanyonetosignupandusethetool.Butit’sstillputtingstrongcontrolontheartthatcanbecreated.ButnowthereareseveralotherAItoolsthatworkinsimilarways.Thesenewtoolsarefreeorcheap，anddon’thavesomeofDall-E2’slimits.Midjourneyisawebsitethatallowsuserstocreateimagesfromshortdescriptions.StableDiffusionissimilar，butuserscanalsoruntheprogramontheirowncomputers.Thenewtoolsareentertainingandpowerful.Theyallowpeopletoquicklyseealmostanyideatheycanimagine，eveniftheyaren’tartists.Forsomecreativeworkers，likethoseatcompaniesthatcreateadsorimages，thetoolsallowthemtoquicklyexplorenewideas.Manyartistsareupsetthatthey’renowcompetingagainstcomputersforattention，prizesandjobs.It’shardforasingleartisttocompeteagainstalltheartandphotographythathaveeverappearedontheInternet.InAugust，JasonAllenwonfirstplaceattheColotsfoStateFairwithhispictureTheatreD’operaSpatial，whichwascreatedwithMidjourney.Thatupsetmanypeople.TheimagesandthedescriptionsusedtotraintheseAIprogramsweretakenfromtheInternet.Thetrainingimageswerewithoutpermission，whichhasraisedquestionsaboutwhetherwhatthesetoolsaredoingisfairorlegal.Thecreatorsoftrainingpictureshaven’tgivenpermissionfortheirimagestobeused，buttheirskillsandtalentsareahugepartofwhatmakesthenewtoolssosuccessful.Someartists’groupssayartistsshouldgettodecideiftheirworkcanbeusedbythesetools.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章講述了隨著科技的發(fā)展，創(chuàng)作藝術的人工智能程序應運而生，然而訓練這些程序時使用的圖像和描述取自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這是未經(jīng)許可的，這引發(fā)了人們對這些工具的行為是否合法的質(zhì)疑。5．WhatshouldwedotocreateartworkswithDall-E2orMidjourney?A．Uploadsomephotos.B．Drawsimplepictures.C．Offerbriefdescriptions.D．Writeashortarticle.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dall-E2usesAItocreateincrediblepaintings，photos，andotherartworksinmanydifferentstylesbasedonsimpledescriptions.”和第三段的“Midjourneyisawebsitethatallowsuserstocreateimagesfromshortdescriptions.”可知，使用Dall-E2或Midjourney創(chuàng)造藝術品需要提供簡要描述。故選C。6．HowdomanyartistsreacttothenewAItools?A．Theyareconcernedaboutthem.B．Theyarediscontentedwiththem.C．Theyacceptthemunwillingly.D．Theywelcomethemwarmly.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Manyartistsareupsetthatthey’renowcompetingagainstcomputersforattention，prizesandjobs.”可知，藝術家們對于他們現(xiàn)在正在與電腦競爭關注、獎項和工作感到不安。由此推知，許多藝術家對新的人工智能工具感到不滿。故選B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inparagraph5referto?A．JasonAllen’sattractingattention.B．JasonAllen’screatingapicture.C．JasonAllen’susingMidjourney.D．JasonAllen’swinningtheprize.答案D解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段畫線詞上文“InAugust，JasonAllenwonfirstplaceattheColotsfoStateFairwithhispictureTheatreD’operaSpatial，whichwascreatedwithMidjourney.”可知，That指代上文提到的杰森·艾倫的獲獎。故選D。8．Inwhichcolumnofawebsitearewelikelytoreadthispassage?A．Lifestyle. B．Business.C．Education. D．Science.答案D解析文章出處題。通讀全文尤其根據(jù)第一段中“Recently，therehavebeenhugeadvancesinArtificialIntelligence(AI)programsthatcreateart.”可知，本文主要講的是有關人工智能與藝術創(chuàng)作的話題，涉及科學領域。由此推知，這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在科學欄目中。故選D。Ⅳ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，共12.5分)Howdoweridourselvesofthenegative(消極的)thoughtsandreturntoaplaceofpeaceandacceptance?Readonforsomeexpert-guidedtips.Don’tsuppress(抑制)thenegativethoughts.“Researchshowsthatit’simportantnottosuppressnegativethoughtsasthisonlymakesitworse.1Then，selectapositivethoughtorvisualtoengagewithinplaceofthenegativethoughtthatyousetfree，”Dr.CarlaMarieManly，andauthorofJoyfromFear，tellsSheKnows.Don’tforgettobreathe.“Closeyoureyesandbreatheinforacountoffour;thenbreatheoutslowlytothecountoffour.Whenworriesandstressbegintorise，bekindtoyourself.2Aworriedmindgetsverycalmwhenit’sfocusedonbreathingratherthanworrying，”saysManly.3“Justbecauseyouhaveathoughtdoesn’tmeanit’strue.Whenyounoticeyou’rebeinghardonyourselforthinkingverynegatively，takeastepbackandquestionthethoughtyou’rehaving，”suggestsTouroni.“4Areyoujumpingtoconclusions？”Tryapositivemessageormantra(咒語)．Whennegativethoughtsgetaholdonyou，Manlyrecommendsfocusingonapositivemessageormantrathatfeelsstrongandcalmingforyou.Forexample，yourmantramightbe，“Allwillbewell.5”Manlysuggestskeepingacopyofyourmantrainyourwallet，onyourmirror，andonyourdeskforahandyreminderduringstressfulmoments.A．Thingswillworkout.B．Thinkofapeacefulimageinstead.C．Don’tbelieveeverythingyouthink.D．Andthenpausetorelaxandbreathe.E．Isthereanyevidencetosupportthis?F．Canyoutracebacktowherethisallstarted?G．Instead，noticethenegativethoughtandthenletitfloataway.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種幫助擺脫消極想法的方式。)1．答案G解析根據(jù)本段小標題“Don’tsuppress(抑制)thenegativethoughts.”和下文“Then，selectapositivethoughtorvisualtoengagewithinplaceofthenegativethoughtthatyousetfree”可知，空處應提到釋放消極的想法。G項“相反，注意到消極的想法，然后讓它飄走”能夠承上啟下，其中的“l(fā)etitfloataway”呼應下文的“setfree”。故選G。2．答案D解析根據(jù)本段小標題“Don’tforgettobreathe.”可知，本段內(nèi)容與用呼吸來放松有關，D項中的“breathe”與標題呼應，所以D項“然后停下來放松和呼吸”符合語境。故選D。3．答案C解析空處為段落小標題。根據(jù)下文“Justbecauseyouhaveathoughtdoesn’tmeanit’strue.”可知，本段主要講述不能盲目相信自己的一切想法，C項概括并引領本段內(nèi)容。故選C。4．答案E解析根據(jù)上文中的“takeastepbackandquestionthethoughtyou’rehaving(退后一步，質(zhì)疑自己的想法)”和下文“Areyoujumpingtoconclusions(你是否跳過論證直接得出了結論)？”可知，空處應是在質(zhì)疑是否有支撐的證據(jù)。故選E。5．答案A解析根據(jù)上文“focusingonapositivemessageormantrathatfeelsstrongandcalmingforyou(專注于積極的信息或能讓你感到強大和平靜的咒語)”和“Allwillbewell(一切都會好起來的)．”可知，空處也是一句積極的信息，A項“事情會順利發(fā)展”符合語境。故選A。Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)Withoutarmsorlegs，theartistAdamaTraoreofAbidjanfindsa