Unit3TheInternet人與社會(huì)信息技術(shù)（原卷版）（人教版2019必修二）

必修第二冊(cè)Unit3TheInternet（人教版2019）人與社會(huì)：信息技術(shù)單元引言解讀TheInternetisbeingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.—BillGates釋義：本單元的名人名言意為“因特網(wǎng)正成為明日地球村的鬧市廣場(chǎng)?！彼芎玫卦忈屃酥黝}圖的寓意?，F(xiàn)實(shí)世界的鬧市廣場(chǎng)熙熙攘攘、人來(lái)人往，商品、服務(wù)和信息在此集聚、流通、交換和分享，滿足人們的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活的需要。該名言用鬧市廣場(chǎng)隱喻互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，生動(dòng)傳神。啟示：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，打破了時(shí)間和空間的界限?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能和科技信息化的今天，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶給人們方方面面的方便和快捷?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)是時(shí)代進(jìn)步的必然產(chǎn)物，是科技發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)給人們帶來(lái)的既有機(jī)遇，同樣也有挑戰(zhàn)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)在帶給人們便利的同時(shí)，也給我們的生活帶來(lái)了一些困擾。因此，對(duì)待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們一定要保持理性的頭腦，辯證地看待互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶給人們的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。名言名句積累人與社會(huì)：信息技術(shù)1．TheInternetischangingthewaywelive.網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在改變我們的生活方式。2．putershavereplacedhumansinmanyareasofourlife,makingourworkmucheasierandmoreefficient.在我們生活的很多領(lǐng)域電腦已經(jīng)代替了人類(lèi)，使得我們的工作更容易、更高效。3．What'smore,Internetisjustlikeabridgeofmunicatingbetweenpeople.Peoplegetcloserthroughit,whichpromotesinterpersonalrelationship.而且，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就像人們之間溝通的橋梁。人們通過(guò)它距離變得更近了，這促進(jìn)了人際關(guān)系。4．IfeelitisimportantforuseithertolimitouruseoftheInternet,ortolearnhowtohandletheproblemsithascaused.我覺(jué)得，要么限制使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，要么學(xué)會(huì)如何處理互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所引起的問(wèn)題，這對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。5．WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manyindividualsfavouronlineshoppingbecauseitismoreconvenientandcansavetime.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，很多人喜歡網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物，因?yàn)樗奖悖夷芄?jié)省時(shí)間。6．Internetmakesourstudyandworkmoreeffective.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我們的學(xué)習(xí)和工作更有效。7．OvertheInternet,wecanlearnmoreknowledgeandbroadenourhorizons.通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們可以學(xué)習(xí)更多的知識(shí)并開(kāi)闊我們的視野。8．Somestudentsignoretheirstudiessincetheyareaddictedtoputergamesseriously.一些學(xué)生嚴(yán)重地沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲而忽視了學(xué)習(xí)。9．WeshouldmakegooduseofourtimeandnotbeeaddictedtotheInternet.我們應(yīng)該充分利用我們的時(shí)間，而不是沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。10．Followthesetips,andyourtimespentdoingresearchontheInternetwillbemuchmoreworthwhile.遵循這些竅門(mén)，你在網(wǎng)上做研究所花的時(shí)間就會(huì)更加值得。時(shí)文拓展閱讀HowWillEurope’sNewArtificialIntelligenceRulesAffecttheWorld?Europeannationsreachedanagreementonrulesforartificialintelligence(AI)lastweek.Someexpertssaythe

regulations

willaffectpeoplearoundtheworld.HerearesomeofthedetailsoftheagreementreportedbytheAssociatedPress:TheAIActandhowitworks:TheAIActaimstoregulateorestablishguidelinesforAItechnologythathasthe

potential

tocauseproblemsifmisused.AIsystemsthatremendonlinematerial,orthosethatcheckemailmessages,wouldbelessregulated.Buttechnologythatconcernshealthcareormedicaldecisionswouldhavehigherrequirements.SomeAIsystemswillbebannedexceptinsomecases.Theyincludesystemsthat

scan

people'sfacesinpublicandsystemsthatmakepredictionsaboutfuturebehaviorsuchaswhetherapersonwillmitacrime.ThenewAIActwillnottakeeffectuntiltwoyearsafteravotefromEuropeanlawmakers.Thevoteisplannedforthefirstpartofnextyear.Thesoonestitwouldbeinplaceissometimeearlyin2026.HowwilltheActaffecttheworld?Someexpertssaytheguidelinescouldbeea

global

standard.Thathashappenedbefore.OnerecentEuropeandecisioncausedU.S.panyAppletostopusingitslightningdatacableinfavorofamorewidelyusedcable.ExpertssayEurope'srulesmightbeusedasa

blueprint

inotherpartsoftheworld.AnuBradfordisaprofessoratColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.ShecalledEurope'sact"prehensive"and"a

gamechanger."BradfordnotedtheEuropeanruleswill"showtheworldAIcanbegoverned."RightsgroupsplainedthatEurope'sdecisiontonotpletelybantheuseoffacialrecognition"isamissedopportunity."AmnestyInternationalnotedthatEuropedidnotbanexportsofAItechnologythatcovers

socialscoring.Socialscoringsystemspermitgovernmentstorecordhowwellcitizensfollowrules.WhataretheU.S.andChinadoing?IntheUnitedStates,PresidentJoeBidensignedan

executiveorder

inOctoberonAI.BidenrequiredAItechnologypaniestosharetestresultsandotherinformationwiththegovernment.GovernmentorganizationswillcreaterequirementsforAItoolsthatmustbefollowedbeforesystemsarereleasedforpublicuse.ChinareleasedrulesforAItoolsthatcreatematerialsuchasphotos,textandvideos.Therulesareonlyshorttermguidelines.PresidentXiJinpingalsocalledforanopenandfairenvironmentforAIdevelopmentaroundtheworld.WillEurope'sruleschangeChatGPT?TheriseofChatGPT,anAItoolbasedintheU.S.,isoneofthereasonsforEurope'snewsetofrules.Europe'srulesincludeguidelinesfor

chatbots

andotherAIsystemsthatcandojobssuchaswriting,creatingvideoandwritingputercode.Systemsmustclearlyshowwherethematerialthatwentintotrainingthebotscamefrom.Theyalsomustshowhowmuchenergywasusedtotrainthesystems,ormodels.Theyshouldbeopenabouthowtheycontrolthedatathatesfromtheirtool'susers.AndtheyneedtoobservetheEU'scopyrightpropertyprotectionlaws.HightechnologysystemsorriskyusesofAIarerequiredtofollow

stricter

rules.Thoseincludesystemsthatcreatebasicpiecesofinformation,suchasputercode,thatotherswillthenusetocreateotherAIsystems.【譯文欣賞】歐洲新的人工智能法案將如何影響世界？歐洲國(guó)家上周就人工智能（AI）規(guī)則達(dá)成協(xié)議。一些專(zhuān)家表示，這些規(guī)定將影響世界各地的人們。以下是美聯(lián)社報(bào)道的協(xié)議的一些細(xì)節(jié)：《人工智能法案》及其運(yùn)作方式：《人工智能法案》旨在規(guī)范或制定人工智能技術(shù)的指導(dǎo)方針，如果濫用，可能會(huì)造成問(wèn)題。推薦在線材料或檢查電子郵件的人工智能系統(tǒng)將受到較少的監(jiān)管。但涉及醫(yī)療保健或醫(yī)療決策的技術(shù)將有更高的要求。除某些情況外，一些人工智能系統(tǒng)將被禁止。它們包括在公共場(chǎng)合掃描人們面部的系統(tǒng)，以及預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)行為（如一個(gè)人是否會(huì)犯罪）的系統(tǒng)。新的《人工智能法案》將在歐洲立法者投票兩年后生效。投票計(jì)劃于明年上半年進(jìn)行。它最快將在2026年初到位。該法案將如何影響世界？一些專(zhuān)家表示，該指南可能會(huì)成為全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種情況以前也發(fā)生過(guò)。最近歐洲的一項(xiàng)決定導(dǎo)致美國(guó)公司蘋(píng)果停止使用其閃電數(shù)據(jù)線，轉(zhuǎn)而使用更廣泛使用的電纜。專(zhuān)家表示，歐洲的規(guī)則可能會(huì)被世界其他地區(qū)用作藍(lán)圖。阿努·布拉德福德是紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)的教授。她稱歐洲的法案是“全面的”和“游戲規(guī)則的改變者”。Bradford指出，歐洲的規(guī)則將“向世界展示人工智能是可以被治理的”人權(quán)組織抱怨說(shuō)，歐洲不完全禁止使用面部識(shí)別的決定“是一個(gè)錯(cuò)失的機(jī)會(huì)”。大赦國(guó)際指出，歐洲沒(méi)有禁止出口涵蓋社會(huì)評(píng)分的人工智能技術(shù)。社會(huì)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)允許政府記錄公民遵守規(guī)則的情況。美國(guó)和中國(guó)在做什么？在美國(guó)，喬·拜登總統(tǒng)于10月簽署了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人工智能的行政命令。拜登要求人工智能技術(shù)公司與政府分享測(cè)試結(jié)果和其他信息。政府組織將制定人工智能工具的要求，在系統(tǒng)發(fā)布供公眾使用之前必須遵守這些要求。中國(guó)發(fā)布了創(chuàng)建照片、文本和視頻等材料的人工智能工具規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則只是短期的指導(dǎo)方針。歐洲的規(guī)則會(huì)改變ChatGPT嗎？總部位于美國(guó)的人工智能工具ChatGPT的興起是歐洲制定新規(guī)則的原因之一。歐洲的規(guī)則包括聊天機(jī)器人和其他可以完成寫(xiě)作、創(chuàng)建視頻和編寫(xiě)計(jì)算機(jī)代碼等工作的人工智能系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo)方針。系統(tǒng)必須清楚地顯示用于訓(xùn)練機(jī)器人的材料來(lái)自哪里。他們還必須展示訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)或模型所消耗的能量。他們應(yīng)該公開(kāi)如何控制來(lái)自工具用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。他們需要遵守歐盟的版權(quán)財(cái)產(chǎn)保護(hù)法。高科技系統(tǒng)或人工智能的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)使用需要遵循更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則。其中包括創(chuàng)建基本信息（如計(jì)算機(jī)代碼）的系統(tǒng)，其他人將使用這些信息創(chuàng)建其他人工智能系統(tǒng)?！驹~匯積累】regulations

–n.(pl.)

rulesandlawsthatgovernafieldorindustry規(guī)定potential

–n.

thepossibilitythatsomethingmighthappen某事發(fā)展的可能性scan

–v.

torecordtheimageofsomethingandtouseitdigitally掃描global

standard

–n.

alevelofqualityforafieldorindustrythatisobservedorrequirearoundtheworld全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)blueprint

–n.

theplansforabuilding;asetofplansforhowsomethingshouldbedone藍(lán)圖；設(shè)計(jì)圖prehensive

–adj.

involvingallpartsofsomething綜合性的；全面的gamechanger

–n.(idiom)

somethingthatisimportantorcauseschange規(guī)則改變者socialscoring

–n.

awayofratingpeopleonsocialissues社會(huì)信用評(píng)分chatbot

–n.

anartificialintelligencetoolthatproduceswritingorothermaterialonrequestbytakingexistingthingsfromtheinternet一種聊天程序【知識(shí)拓展】3月13日，歐洲議會(huì)正式投票通過(guò)并批準(zhǔn)歐盟《人工智能法案》。在法國(guó)斯特拉斯堡舉行的歐洲議會(huì)全會(huì)上，該法案獲得523張贊成票，46張反對(duì)票。人工智能法案》文本的草案最早是歐盟委員會(huì)在2021年4月提出，內(nèi)容包括將嚴(yán)格禁止“對(duì)人類(lèi)安全造成不可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人工智能系統(tǒng)”，包括有目的地操縱技術(shù)、利用人性弱點(diǎn)或根據(jù)行為、社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人特征等進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)的系統(tǒng)等。據(jù)悉，該法案將在走完所有審批程序后在歐盟公報(bào)上予以公布并于20天后生效。法案中的相關(guān)條款將分階段實(shí)施?！驹~匯延伸】ArtificialIntelligence人工智能AssociatedPress美聯(lián)社聯(lián)合通訊社regulate規(guī)定調(diào)節(jié)，控制約束，控制，管理AItechnology人工智能技術(shù)insomecases在某些情況下有時(shí)候inpublic當(dāng)眾，在別人面前公開(kāi)地公然地綜合實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）（2024·浙江·高考真題七選五））Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbeeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.1Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?2Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.3“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.4Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.5Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orscheduleinpersonmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A．Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B．Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C．Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D．ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E．Thechiefplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F．Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G．Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.高考英語(yǔ)七選五解題技巧（二）Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaselfmotivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是祈使句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞consider，“and”連接whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做consider賓語(yǔ)，Beforechoosingtostudyonline是介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________significantsignificantadj_________；digitaladj__________；obviousadj_________；schedulen_______；selfmotivatedadj________；inpersonadj_____________；setadj[熟詞新義]__________；contributev[熟詞新義]________；easev_______；conceptn________；deadlinen________；motivationn________；lackv________；interactionn________；losesightofsth________；fallbehind________；eup________；endupwith________；letsthslide________；motivatesbtodosth________；registerfor_______（二）（2324高一下·四川綿陽(yáng)·期末）HowtoStopBeinganOversharerinPersonandonSocialMediaDoyoufindyourselfsharingdetailsaboutyourlifewithatotalstranger?Or,maybeyoulookbackonaconversationwithacoworkerandrealizeyouweretalkingtheentiretime.6Whetheryouoversharetofillawkwardsilencesorjustbecauseyoudon’tknowwhatelsetotalkabout,we’vegotyoucovered:we’vecollectedthebesttipstoavoidoversharing.Pausefor1to2secondsbeforespeaking.Sometimeswetalkwithoutthinking,andendupsharingmorethanwemeanto.7Thatway,youcanthinktwiceandavoidanythingyoudon’twanttotalkabout.8Maybeaconversationisheadedinadirectionthatcarriesalotofemotionalweightforyou.Ifyoudon’twanttotalkaboutsomething(relationshipproblems,pasttrauma,grief,etc.),casuallyturntoothersubjectsbygivingthemaplimentorpointingoutsomethingaboutyourenvironment.Setclearboundariesforyourselfbeforetalking.Inyourhead,makealistoftopicsthatyoudon’twanttotalkaboutwithanacquaintanceorastranger.Whenyoufindyourselftowardthosesubjects,usethemethodsabovetoavoidthem.9Avoidsocialmediawhenyou’refeelingemotional.10Whenyou’reupset,youmightfindthatyoupostthingsyounormallywouldn’tonyoursocialmediaaccounts.Toavoidoversharingonsocialmedia,logoutofyouraccountsanytimeyou’refeelingdown.Ifyoudoso,youwon’ttendtotellpeoplethingsonlinethatyoudon’tactuallywanttoshare.A．Avoidaconversationwithemotionalsubjects．B．Oversharingdoesn’talwayshappeninperson．C．Changethetopicofaconversationifitcausesburden．D．Beforeopeningyourmouth,reconsiderwhatyou’regoingtosay．E．Thatway,youcanstopyourselffromoversharingfromthebeginning．F．Oversharingiseasytohappen,andit’saproblemthatmanyofusdealwith．G．Realizingthatwetalktoomuch,weoftenfeelregretfulaboutwhatwesay．（三）（2324高一下·湖北·期末）Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithpletepeaceofmind.11Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforpanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.12Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.Thisensuresyourdataremainssecureandinaccessibletoanyoneelse.Shouldyouchoose,youcanputcertainpermissionsinplace,whichmakesiteasytoshareyourdatawithyourcolleaguesoryourfamily.Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.13Youcanstoreanythingdigital:allyourfiles,videosandpictures.Whetheryouwanttousethisstoragesolutiontostoreyourfamilyphotographsoryouwanttouseittostoreyourworkdocumentation,youwillfinditquiteconvenient.Isitbetterthanyourputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.puterscrashallthetime.14Externalharddrivescanstillbreak,orfail.Hereyoualsohavetheaddedriskofmisplacingitorhavingitstolen.Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.15A．Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.B．Youwillfindcloudstorageverycheap.C．Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.D．Itistheleastthingpeopleliketomeetduringwork.E．Thisisthemostmoncauseoflostworkandmemories.F．Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.G．Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.（四）（2223高一下·云南昭通·期末）It’stimetoownup.Whenyou’resittingatyourputer,doyouworkcontinuouslyallday?Ordoyouallowyourselftobeedistractednowandagaintoopenafewextrawebsites,checksocialmedia,readaspotofnews,browsethelatestfashiontrends,maybecatchuponsomecelebritygossip,andlookatsome...Stop!You’re“cyberloafing”.Theunwieldywordisabinationof“cyber”,whichmeans“relatedtoputers”,and“l(fā)oafing”,whichmeans“relaxinginalazyway”.Wedoit,andwedoitalot.AstudyfromtheUniversityofTexassuggestsweareguiltyofthisformofprocrastination(拖延)for14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,it’sexpectedtobemorethanthat.Butit’saslipperyslope.Itcandamageyourproductivityandevenyourcareer.BecauseaccordingtotheUniversityofTexasresearch,eachtimeaworkergetssidetrackedbytheinternet,ittakesanaverageof23minutestogetbacktowork.Morethanthat,cyberloafinghasadarkside,accordingtoareportpublishedinTheJournalofPsychosocialResearchonCyberspace.Itarguesthatcyberloafingisconnectedtoseveralnegativepersonalitytraits.Peoplewho

cyberloafaremorelikelytobeselfishandnarcissististic(自戀的).Furthermore,peoplewiththesetraitsarelesslikelytofeelashamedaboutavoidingwork,andlessconcernedaboutgettingcaught.Whydowedoit?Forsome,it’sundoubtedlyanescapefromthehardboringworkthatthey’resupposedtobedoing.Somemightgetafeelingofsatisfaction,getexcitementfromfindingagreatdealonline.Butoverall,it’ssomethingthattakesyouawayfromwhatyou’reactuallybeingpaidtodo,orpayingtodo:ifyou’reastudent.Whenyouhavethewholeworldoftheinternetatyourfingertips,it’shardtoresist.Howdoweavoidcyberloafing?Ifyoucantrulyaskyourselfwhyyouarecyberloafing,thenthatcanhelpidentifythebaseproblem.Andifthatsoundsliketoomuchhardwork,youcouldjustswitchofftheinternetforacoupleofhours!16．Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto__________.A．makeaparison B．reachaconclusionC．introduceatopic D．provideevidence17．What’sNOTcausedbycyberloafing?A．Lowproductivity. B．Highefficiency.C．Beingdistracted. D．Selfinterested.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“slipperyslope”inparagraph3mean?A．Badhabit. B．Roughroad.C．Smoothstep. D．Bigobstacle.19．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.（五）（2324高一下·貴州畢節(jié)·期末）Singaporeusesabout430milliongallonsofwatereveryday—anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.Thatkindofconsumption(消費(fèi))isincreasingpressureontheAsiancitystatetosolvegrowingproblemsaboutglobalwatershortage.Soitisbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewheregettingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult.Rapidurbanization(城市化)andrisingglobaltemperaturesaremakingaccesstonaturalwatersourcesincreasinglyhardtoget.Meanwhile,Singaporeishometomorethanfivemillionpeopleandiscoveredinfountains,reservoirs(水庫(kù))andotherwaterfeatures—includingtheworld’stallestindoorwaterfall,a130footfacilitythatpumps10,000gallonsofwaterperminute.Butithasnonaturalwatersourcesofitsown,insteadrelyingheavilyonrecycledwaterandimportsfromitsneighbors.There’sabigdesiretobeewaterindependent—tocontrolthefuture—andthatislargelydependentonthetechnologiesbeingdeveloped.Onedevelopment:Asmall,blacksponge(海綿)cancleanwastewater.Thespongeabsorbs(吸收)190timesitsweightinwastelikecontaminants(污染物)andmicroplastics.Thematerialisreallyusefulandwillbefurtherdevelopedformercialuse.Anotheroneisalightweightfiltrationdevice(過(guò)濾裝置)thathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.Oneofthemostcreativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Besides,thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepump,butitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears.Everyoneisveryluckytohaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Forpeopleintheworld,cleanwaterisabasicaspectforlifeonearth.What’smoreimportant,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytopayattentiontowatershortageandtakeaction.20．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefuture?A．Itmaybeeasiertogetcleanwater. B．Watershortagemaybeworse.C．Thepopulationmaybeelarger. D．Waterconsumptionmaybeeless.21．WhatdoestheauthordescribeaboutSingapore?A．Somenaturalwatersourcesarefoundeverywhere.B．Fivemillionpeoplegotofindwatersources.C．Singaporehasthetallestnaturalwaterfall.D．Rapidurbanizationpartlycauseswatershortage.22．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout??A．WhySingaporeisshortofwater. B．Whetherthereiswatershortage.C．Howwesolvewatershortage. D．Whatwatershortageis.23．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsdealingwithwatershortage?A．Supportive. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.（六）（2324高一下·貴州銅仁·期末）Inrecentyears,scientistswhostudywildpopulationsareincreasinglyturningtoremotelypilotedplanes,otherwiseknownasdrones,tomonitoranimals.Forexample,dronesarebeingusedtotrackwhales,ortokeepaneyeonAfricanelephantherdsandwatchforsignsofpoaching.Suchremotesurveysaregenerallyconsideredhighlycosteffective.Butitwasn’tclearwhethertheyareasaccurateasoldfashioned,feetontheground,expertevaluations.Tofindout,JarrodHodgsonoftheUniversityofAdelaideledthestudy.Usingrubberducks,theresearcherslaidout10colonies(聚居地),ranginginsizefromabout500tomorethan1,000individuals.“Wethenhadexperiencedgroundcountersmakeindependentcountsofthosebirdsfromnearby.Atthesametime,weflewadroneoverheadcapturingphotographs.”Thedronedatawerethenanalyzedtwoways.First,agroupofscientistsaddedupthenumberofbirdstheycouldseeineachscene.Theresultsofthatapproach:“Wefoundthatonaveragethedronederiveddataorthedronederivedcountsmadebyhumanscountingtheimageswerebetween43percentand96percentmoreaccuratethanthetraditionalgroundbasedcounts.”Thebettertheimage,themoreaccuratethecount.Then,Hodgsonandhisteamdevelopedasemiautomatedputerprogramtodothecountingforthem.Andtheyfound:“therewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenthosecountsandthecountspletedbyourvolunteersusingexactlythesameimagery.”TheresultsappearinthejournalMethodsinEcologyandEvolution.Socountingbydronenotonlysavestimeandeffort,butyieldsbetterdata,adefiniteplusintermsofconservation.“Whenwemonitorwildlife,increasingtheaccuracyandtheprecisionofanimalsurveysgivesusmoreconfidenceinourpopulationestimates.Andthis.meansthatwehaveastrongerevidencebaseonwhichtomakemanagementdecisionsorpolicychanges.”Inotherwords,adroneintheskyisbetterthantwoscientistsinthebush.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A．Drones. B．Remotesurveys.C．Whales. D．Africanelephantherds.25．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresultsoftheapproach?A．Thedronedataweremoreaccurate.B．Theimageswereveryplex.C．Thecounthasnothingtodowiththeimage.D．Thetraditionalgroundbasedcountsweremorereliable.26．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theprocedureofcountingbydrones.B．Theaccuracyofcountingbydrones.C．Theaimofcountingbydrones.D．Thebenefitsofcountingbydrones.27．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheWaystoAnalyzeDroneDataB．TheScientistsintheBushC．TheDronesUsedtoCountAnimalsD．TheJobofaGroundCounter（七）、完形填空（2324高一下·江蘇鹽城·期中）Iwasappreciatingmyfamilyphotosonmyputer,admiringmytwobeautifulbabieswhenIfounda(n)28scene:mylaptopwasinalmostallthepictures.Therewasmydaughter,8monthsold,playingatmyfeetwhileIwas29onthecouch.Therewasmyson,withabigtransformer,onmyleftarms.I’dheardabouttheInternetaddictionbefore,butIalwaysthoughtitwassomethingonly30playingtoomuchWorldofWarcraft(aputergame)dayandnight.Now,itseemedmyInternethabitisslowlybutsurelycrossingthe31.SometimesIfindmyself32atmidnight,surfingtheWeb33myfamilyaresleeping.Ireadnews,keepupwithfriendsandwritemyblog…justforsomethingtodo.It34thatI’mnottheonlymamawhoisaddictedtotheputer.Thesemomsarecontributingtoagrowingglobaladdiction.There’samovementamongpsychiatrists(doctorswhospecializeinmentaldiseases)to35theInternetaddictionasanofficialmentaldisorder.AndarecentStanfordUniversitynationalsurveyfoundthat14percentofInternetusersfindit36tostayawayfromitforseveraldaysatatime;9percenttrytohidetheir37Internetusefromtheirlovedones;8percentadmittheyusetheWebasawaytoescape38.You’relikelynotthekindofaddictwhodoesn’tbatheandabusesdrugstohelpstayupformoreonlinetime.Youmayhavenoticed,39,thatgoingonlinehasbeeanecessarypartofyourlife,which,40,meansaboxofclothesgo41.Itmayalsomeanyou’remissingmuchtimewithyourbaby—somethingyouprobablydo42about.28．A．wonderful B．eyecatching C．scary D．disturbing29．A．eating B．typing C．singing D．jumping30．A．limitedto B．devotedto C．belongedto D．gluedto31．A．knife B．bridge C．path D．line32．A．in B．out C．up D．down33．A．while B．but C．a(chǎn)nd D．since34．A．figuresout B．turnsout C．setsout D．stretchesout35．A．a(chǎn)dmit B．judge C．regard D．recognize36．A．obvious B．a(chǎn)cceptable C．hard D．favorable37．A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．irreplaceable C．unbelievable D．unnecessary38．A．a(chǎn)rrangements B．entertainments C．threats D．disforts39．A．therefore B．though C．somehow D．hence40．A．a(chǎn)tleast B．a(chǎn)boveallelse C．a(chǎn)fterall D．a(chǎn)tmost41．A．unworn B．unnoticed C．unreported D．unwashed42．A．hesitate B．bring C．care D．a(chǎn)ppreciate（八）書(shū)面表達(dá)（2324高二上·陜西寶雞·期中）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarpanyhadalreadyapologized