（外研版）新高考英語一輪復習講義 選擇性必修第一冊　Unit 5　Revealing nature

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．disgracen．丟臉，恥辱2．beakn．鳥嘴，喙3．gianttortoise巨型陸龜4．comb-likeadj.梳狀的5．spinen．(動植物的)刺，刺毛6．mythn．(古代的)神話7．pesticiden．殺蟲劑，農藥8．chillin．辣椒9．cybercrimen．網(wǎng)絡犯罪10．centimetren．厘米Ⅱ.重點單詞——記形1．seedn．種子，籽2．samplen．樣本3．ancestorn．(動物的)原種，祖先4．generatev．產生，創(chuàng)造5．characteristicn．特征，特性6．declinev．減少7．blamev．責怪，指責；把……歸咎于8．goatn．山羊9．primitiveadj.原始的，低等的10．worldwideadv.遍及全世界11．giantadj.巨大的，特大的12．legendn．傳說，傳奇(故事)13．rootn．根14．linkv．把……聯(lián)系起來；連接Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．distantadj.遙遠的；冷淡的→distancen．距離→distantlyadv.疏遠地2．geologistn．地質學家→geologyn．地質學3．evolvev．進化→evolutionn．進化(論)4．suspectv．猜想，懷疑，覺得→suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的5．detectv．發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺(尤指不易覺察到的事物)→detectionn．發(fā)現(xiàn)→detectiven．偵探1．have...atheart把……放在心上；熱心于做某事2．keep...ontrack使……做法對路3．counton信賴；依靠；指望4．indispensable/?IndI'spens?bl/adj.不可缺少的；必需的5．betray/bI'treI/vt.背叛；出賣；流露6．stickupto支持；捍衛(wèi)7．takeahit承受打擊；遭到破壞；受到嚴重影響8．nurture/'n??t??(r)/vt.培育；養(yǎng)育9．undertaking/??nd?'teIkI?/n．任務；事業(yè)10．dwell/dwel/vi.居住；棲身dwellon老是想著或嘮叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)Ⅳ.背核心短語1．answerthecall響應號召2．beadisgrace是恥辱，是丟臉的事3．benativeto源于……的，原產于……4．firstchoice首選5．ofalltime有史以來6．inquestion正被討論的，談論中的7．becrowdedwith擠滿，充滿8．cometoexist開始存在9．adaptto適應10．avarietyof各種各樣的11．intheend最后，終于12．behometo...是……的家園13．carryout執(zhí)行14．tinyamountsof微量的15．drive...away趕跑；驅車離開16．insomeways在某些方面Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist：theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.(how引導的賓語從句)于是，關于動植物的新種類是如何產生的這個問題就有了答案：它們是從早期的祖先進化而來的。2．Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy，newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing：itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.(itappearsthat...)我們一直認為會說話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物間似乎確實可以交流。3．Moresurprisingly，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.(副詞短語作狀語)更令人吃驚的是，植物也用聲音進行交流。4．Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)使用植物萬維網(wǎng)，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。5．Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.(疑問詞＋todo)也許未來某一天，科學家會研究出如何建造一堵“防火墻”幫助來阻止植物萬維網(wǎng)中的這些攻擊。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共5分)1．disgracen．丟臉，恥辱2．beakn．鳥嘴，喙3．centimetren．厘米4．pesticiden．殺蟲劑，農藥5．cybercrimen．網(wǎng)絡犯罪Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題2分，共16分)1．blamev．責怪，指責；把……歸咎于2．declinev．減少3．linkv．把……聯(lián)系起來；連接4．generatev．產生，創(chuàng)造5．characteristicn．特征，特性6．worldwideadv.遍及全世界7．giantadj.巨大的，特大的8．legendn．傳說，傳奇(故事)Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題3分，共15分)1．distantadj.遙遠的；冷淡的→distancen．距離→distantlyadv.疏遠地2．geologistn．地質學家→geologyn．地質學3．evolvev．進化→evolutionn．進化(論)4．suspectv．猜想，懷疑，覺得→suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的5．detectv．發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺(尤指不易覺察到的事物)→detectionn．發(fā)現(xiàn)→detectiven．偵探Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．counton信賴；依靠；指望2．indispensableadj.不可缺少的；必需的3．betrayvt.背叛；出賣；流露4．stickupto支持；捍衛(wèi)5．nurturevt.培育；養(yǎng)育Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題1.5分，共12分)1．inquestion正被討論的，談論中的2．answerthecall響應號召3．behometo...是……的家園4．avarietyof各種各樣的5．tinyamountsof微量的6．drive...away趕跑；驅車離開7．intheend最后，終于8．insomeways在某些方面Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題3分，共12分)1．Theydetectedthataprivatedetectivehadbeentailingthemforseveralweeks.(detect)2．Thegeologistswhoareexpertingeologyoftheislandbelievethatclimatechangecouldhaveanimpactonanimalevolution.(geologist)3．Theboyisalwaysdistanttowardshisclassmates，sohisclassmatesoftenkeephimatadistance.(distant)4．Ididn’tnoticeanysuspiciousbehaviourfromhim，soIdidn’tsuspecthimofcommittingthecrime.(suspect)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題2.5分，共15分)eq\x(carryout，cometoexist，adaptto，becrowdedwith，benativeto，ofalltime)1．Theyexistonfoodsuppliedbytheorganizationwhichcametoexistdecadesofyearsago.2．Itwaswithapenthatthegreatestthinkersofalltimewrotedowntheirthoughts.3．Totellyouthetruth，thesuggestionsabovecanhelpyouadapttoyournewschoolquickly.4．Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedupourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarriedout.5．Thougheveryplacewasmoreorlesscrowdedwithtourists，Istillhadarelaxingandmemorabletrip.6．(2022·全國甲)Goffin’scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題4分，共20分)1．她在書中描寫了她是如何適應大學生活的。(how引導的賓語從句)Shewroteabouthowsheadaptedtothecollegelifeinthebook.2．總之，等待她的似乎是一個相當令人沮喪的夏天。(itappearsthat...)Allinall，itappearedthataprettydepressingsummerawaitedher.3．更重要的是，我們應該更多地訓練以便我們彼此之間能夠更好地合作。(副詞短語作狀語)Moreimportantly，wearesupposedtopracticemoresothatwecancooperatebetterwitheachother.4．(2021·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)母親把孩子們抱進懷里，哽咽著，然后咬了一口法國吐司，說這是她吃過的最美味的食物。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Gatheringthekidsintoherarms，theirmotherchokedandthentookabiteoftheFrenchtoast，sayingthatitwasthemostdeliciousfoodshehadevertasted.5．我很想學習如何欣賞西方繪畫作品，我想知道你是否能告訴我一些關于如何繪畫的技巧。(疑問詞＋todo)I’minterestedtolearnhowtoappreciateWesternpaintings，soI’mwonderingifyoucantellmesomeskillsabouthowtopaint.Whenmyunclewasyoung，heansweredthecallandvolunteeredtoworkonthatdistantisland.Myuncleworkedhardintheday.Inhisfreetime，hewentonstudyingthecharacteristicsofthoseplants.Heevenhadsomesamples1.placed(place)inhisbedroom.2.Itwasjustatthattimethathebegantothinkabout3.howtheyevolvedfromtheirancestors.4.Although/Though/Whilehisstudygeneratednoincome，hewascrazyaboutit.Heoftenusedsomeprimitive5.methods(method)tocarryouthisexperiments,6.detecting(detect)howtheseedsgrewintosometallplants.Therewasatimewhenthenumberofthoseplants7.was(be)onthedeclineandhumanbeingsweretoblame.Hemanagedtofindoutthereasonandcameupwithanewway8.tosolve(solve)theproblem.Later，heachievedalotinthisfield.Manypeoplehadsuspected9.his(he)talent，buthesucceeded！Hewas10.absolutely(absolute)alegend！提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯distantadj.遙遠的；冷淡的(distancen．距離)·bedistantfrom距……很遠；與……不同·withinwalkingdistance走著就能到inthedistance在遠處fromadistance從遠處keepone’sdistancefrom...與……保持距離；疏遠……(1)(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)聽到遠處飛機的嗡嗡聲，我的內心深處升起了希望。我像個快樂的孩子一樣使勁揮動著手帕，一直等到飛機離我不遠。Hearingaplanedroninginthedistance，Ifelthoperisingfromthebottomofmyheart.Iwavedmyhandkerchiefviolentlylikeahappychild，waitinguntiltheplanewasnotdistantfromme.(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)我發(fā)現(xiàn)其他學生總是與我保持距離，我覺得自己像漂浮在黑暗的云層中。IdetectedthattheotherstudentsalwayskepttheirdistancefrommeandIfeltlikefloatinginthecloudsofdarkness.(3)(應用文寫作之建議信)你也可以參觀城市博物館，從你住的酒店走著就能到。Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum，whichiswithinwalkingdistanceofthehotelwhereyoustay.(4)(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)當她小心翼翼地沿著小溪走著時，一個熟悉的身影從遠處朝她走了過來。Asshepickedherwaycarefullyalongthestream,afamiliarfigurecameuptoherfromadistance.blamev．責怪，指責；把……歸咎于n．責任；責備；指責·blamesbfor...因……而指責某人；把……歸咎于某人blamesthonsb把某事歸咎于某人betoblame(forsth)(對某事)負有責任；應承擔責任；該受責備(主動形式表被動意義)·put/laytheblameforsthonsb把某事歸咎于某人(1)Theexpertblamedthepollutionhereonthelargefactorylinkedtotheriver.(2)(話題寫作之人際交往)當和他人相處時，我們不應該總把錯誤歸咎于他人。畢竟，很多時候我們也應負有責任。因此，我們應該多交流、換位思考，而不是指責他人。Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talwaysblameothersformistakes/blamemistakesonothers/put/laytheblameformistakesonothers.Afterall，manytimeswearealsotoblame.Soinsteadofblamingothers，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’shoes.linkv．把……聯(lián)系起來；連接n．連接；關聯(lián)；聯(lián)系；關系link...to/with/and...把……和……連接/聯(lián)系起來linkup(with...)(與……)連接，結合belinkedto/with...和……連接；和……有關(1)Asubwaylinewilllinktheairportto/with/andthecitycenter，soitwillbemoreconvenientforcitizenstotravel.(2)Anewroadwouldbeneededtolinkupwiththemainroad.(3)(話題寫作之傳統(tǒng)文化)在中國文化中，紅色通常與喜慶聯(lián)系在一起。InChineseculture，redisusuallylinkedto/withjoyandcelebration.ofalltime有史以來attimes有時；間或atnotime在任何時候都不；決不(位于句首，句子要部分倒裝)atthesametime同時allthetime一直，始終innotime立刻；馬上(1)用time的相關短語填空①MichaelJordan，thegreatestbasketballplayerofalltime，foundthesecrettosuccessislearningfromfailures.②WhenitcomestotheseasonIlikebest，springwillalwaysoccurtomeinnotime.(2)(話題寫作之體育)打籃球是緩解我們巨大學習壓力的最好方法，同時我們也能從中找到一些樂趣。Playingbasketballservesasthebestwaytoeaseourgreatstudypressureandwecanfindsomepleasurefromitatthesametime.(3)(應用文寫作之人物介紹)有時我會失去信心，但幸運的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓勵我說：“你絕不應該半途而廢。我會一直幫助你的?！盇ttimesIloseheart，butluckilymybestfriendencouragesmeallthetime，saying，“Atnotimeshouldyougiveuphalfway.Iwillalwayscometoyourassistance.”drive...away趕跑；驅車離開；駕車送走driveoff駕車離開；擊退，趕走drivesbcrazy把某人逼瘋drivesbtodosth驅使某人做某事(1)讓我發(fā)瘋的是，我媽媽決定把我可愛的寵物狗趕走，我懇求她，直到她答應再次收留它。WhatdrovemecrazywasthatmymotherdeterminedtodrivemylovelypetdogawayandIbeggedheruntilshepromisedtotakeitinonceagain.(2)(2023·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫)好奇心驅使我向空無一人的房間里窺視，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一只蜂鳥被困在蜘蛛網(wǎng)里。Curiositydrovemetopeerintothedesertedroom，onlytofindthatahummingbirdwastrappedinspiderwebs.(3)(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)我看到有幾個人經(jīng)過，上了車，然后開車離開了。Isawseveralpeoplegoby，getintotheircarsanddriveoff.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.使用植物萬維網(wǎng)，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。Usingthewoodwideweb在句中作方式狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時，還可表示時間、伴隨、條件、原因、結果等，通常相當于一個狀語從句或并列句。(1)(2021·浙江1月，應用文寫作)我代表我們學校真誠地歡迎你們的來訪。你們所有人將參觀校博物館，全面了解我們學校的光輝歷史。晚上，你們將會在學校餐廳吃晚飯，和我們學生自由地聊天，并且品嘗當?shù)氐拿朗?。Representingourschool，Iwouldliketosincerelywelcomeyourvisit.Allofyouwillvisittheschoolmuseum，fullyunderstandingthebrillianthistoryofourschool.Intheevening，youwillhavedinnerattheschoolcanteen，chattingfreelywithusstudentsandtastingthedeliciouslocalfoods.(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)他站起來，穿過房間，緊緊地擁抱我，不受控制地哭起來。Herosetohisfeet，crossedtheroomandhuggedmetightly，cryingwithoutcontrol.(3)(2023·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)使用老師教我的方法，我的文章有了很大的進步，我的快樂無法形容。Usingthemethodsmyteachertaughtme，Imademuchprogressinmyarticleandmyjoywasbeyonddescription.(4)(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)當聽到校長所說的話，我欣喜若狂，雙眼興奮地閃閃發(fā)光。Whenhearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyessparklingwithexcitement.用法點撥現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作時間狀語時，有時可由連詞when，while，after等引出。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．suspecteq\x(A.vt.懷疑B.n.嫌疑犯；可疑對象C.adj.可疑的；靠不住的)(1)(2020·新課標Ⅰ)InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.A(2)Someoftheevidencetheyproducedwashighlysuspect.C(3)Whatadisgrace！Hersonisamurdersuspectinthecase.B2．declineeq\x(A.vt.謝絕B.vi.下降C.n.下降D.vi.衰退，衰落)(1)(2023·北京)Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan，say，gradualbiodiversitydecline.C(2)(2022·浙江1月)Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation.A(3)(2020·浙江7月)Ofcourse，ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.D(4)Thenumberoftouriststotheplaceofinterestdeclinedby10%lastyear.B3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思(1)HewaswithoutquestiononeofthegiantsofChineseliterature.卓越人物(2)Money，orloveofmoney，issaidtobetherootofallevil.起因，根源Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．Iwasn’tallowedtowatchtheinterestinganimationandwasdrivenaway/off.2．Honestlyspeaking，weallsuspectedthelittleprincessofnottellingthetruthtous.3．Aswasexpected，mostofthepeoplehereregardedthemotionasagreatsuccess.4．Bycontrast，IlikelovelypandaswhicharenativetoChina.5．Thesolutionwassoinnovativethatwecouldn’thelpapplaudingloudly.6．Learningthathewasseriouslyinjuredinadistant(distance)city，Ifeltlikefloatinginanoceanofsadness.7．Ilikethisfolktalethatislinked(link)tolove，perseveranceandwarm-heartedness.8．Blamed(blame)fortheaccident，Icrouchedontheground，tearsstreamingdownmycheeksuncontrollably.9．(話題寫作之泰山旅行)Standing(stand)onthetopofMountTai，weareabletohaveagoodviewoftheawe-inspiringsceneryofthewholecity.10．Inthisdistrictthenumberofpeacocksisonthedecline，whichworrieslocalpeopleverymuch.假如你是李華，你已經(jīng)研究了向日葵從種子到植株的生長過程，請根據(jù)下面的提示給你的外國筆友Bernard寫一封郵件，告知其生長過程。1.你把向日葵種子埋進一盆土里，澆了些水；2.幾天后，盆子中長出了嫩苗，然后你把盆子放在屋里，避免陽光暴曬；3.你對于它的快速生長很是驚訝。完成句子1．我寫信是想告訴你一些與向日葵生長過程有關的事情。(link；過去分詞短語作定語)2．我買了一些葵花籽，馬上就把它們埋進了一個有一些肥沃土壤的盆里。(innotime；where引導的非限制性定語從句)3．幾天后，一些又綠又嫩的幼苗從土里長出來了，我絕不能讓它們被炎熱的太陽曬傷。(atnotime；倒裝句)4．盆里干燥的土壤促使我再次澆水，適量的水可以保證它們的生長。(drivesbtodo)5．看到那些小幼苗很快長成了一些高大的植物，我完全驚呆了。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)組句成篇把以上句子用適當?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。參考范文DearBernard，Howiseverythinggoing？Iamwritingtotellyousomethinglinkedtothegrowingprocessofsunflowers.AtthebeginningIboughtsomesunflowerseedsandburiedthemintoabasininnotime，wheretherewassomerichsoil.Severaldayslater，somegreenanddelicateshootsgrewoutofthesoilandatnotimeshouldIhavethemburntbythehotsun.Asaresult，Imovedthebasinintotheroom.Thedrysoilinthebasindrovemetowaterthemagainandaproperamountofwatercouldguaranteetheirgrowth.Seeingthoseyoungshootsgrowintosometallplantsquickly，Iwastotallyamazed.Wouldyougrowaplantyoulikemost？Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua教材語料整合亮詞[情感描寫]disgrace[心理描寫]suspect[動作描寫]decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answerthecall；evolve美句1.Moresurprisingly，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.(情感描寫)2．Mostsurprisinglyofall，plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.(情感描寫)拓展語料積累動作細節(jié)描寫：動“腿”詞塊shaky/tremblinglegs顫抖的腿withone’slegswideapart雙腿叉開tiredlegs疲憊的雙腿crossone’slegs盤腿dragone’sheavylegs拖著沉重的雙腿runlikethewind飛奔jumptoone’sfeet跳起來runaroundlikeaheadlesschicken毫無頭緒地瞎忙一通句型Ipacedbackandforth，likeanantonahotpan.(比喻句)我踱來踱去，就像熱鍋上的螞蟻。Hewalkedupanddownrestlessly，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.(獨立主格)他不安地走來走去，臉色蒼白，雙手微微顫抖。Exhaustedandhopeless，Islidintobed，butIwasunabletofallasleep.(形容詞作狀語)我又累又絕望，溜上床，卻無法入睡。Herushedinandhisfaceflamedwithexcitement.他沖了進來，激動得滿臉通紅。Withmylegswideapart，Isatonthegroundandcaredfortheplantwithgreatcare.(with復合結構)我岔開雙腿，坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料著那株植物。Heranoutoftheroominaburstofanger.他一怒之下跑出了房間。Hestruggledtoruntowardsthefinishingline，withhismouthdryandhislegstrembling.(with復合結構)他掙扎著向終點線跑去，口干腿抖。Hesankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist，lostindeepthought.(動作鏈描寫，形容詞短語作狀語)他一屁股坐在沙發(fā)上，盤著腿，一只拳頭托著下巴，陷入了沉思。語料運用人與植物Diagnosedwithcancer，John①draggedhisheavylegsforwardandarrivedathome.②Hesankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist，lostindeepthought(動作鏈描寫)．Afewminuteslater，③exhaustedandhopeless(形容詞作狀語)，helayinbed，buthewasunabletofallasleep.Thenhe④walkedupanddownrestlesslyinthehouse，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.Seeinghewaslostintheabyssofsadness，hiswifeboughthimabeautifulplant.Hesuspectedwhethertheplantcouldbringvitalityandcalmnesstotheirhomeduringthisdifficulttime，buthe⑤didn’tdeclineit.Everyday⑥withhislegswideapart(with復合結構)，hesatonthegroundandcaredfortheplantwithgreatcare.Tendingtotheplantgavehimasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenhefelthopeless.約翰被診斷出患有癌癥，拖著沉重的雙腿回到家。他一屁股坐在沙發(fā)上，盤著腿，一只拳頭托著下巴，陷入了沉思。幾分鐘后，他又累又絕望地躺在床上，卻無法入睡。然后他不安地在屋里走來走去，臉色蒼白，雙手微微顫抖?？吹剿两诒瘋纳顪Y中，他的妻子給他買了一株美麗的植物。他懷疑這種植物能否在這艱難的時刻給他們的家?guī)砩鷻C和平靜，但他沒有拒絕它。他每天都雙腿叉開坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。在他感到絕望的時候，照顧這株植物給了他一種成就感。高考題型組合練23提示：帶★的文章和單元主題相關Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(★)YourGardenEscapeEveninthebigcityyoucanfindoases(綠洲)ofcalmandbeauty.Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden，werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.HornimanGardensHornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.VisitorscanenjoytheSoundGarden，MeadowField，andevenaPrehistoricGarden，whichfeaturesadisplayof“l(fā)ivingfossils”．Thegardensareverypopularwithfamilies，anddogscanbeletofftheirleadsintheMeadowField.ChiswickGardenAsaclassicalgardenlandscapeinLondon，itwasherethattheEnglishLandscapeMovementwasbornwithWilliamKent’sdesigns.Enjoyfreshbread，seasonalfood，andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe，whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape，spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.BuckinghamPalaceGardenThe39-acregardenboastsmorethan350typesofwildflowers，over200treesandathree-acrelake.ThegardenalsoprovidesahabitatfornativebirdsrarelyseeninLondon.AtourofthegardencanbecompletedbyhavingacreamteainthecafeoverlookingthePalace’sfamousgrasslandandlake.KewGardenTheRoyalBotanicGardenatKewisoneoftheworld’smostfamousgardensandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden，spotlocalwildlifeatthelake，orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.BesuretovisittheTemperateHouse，whichcontainssomeoftherarestandmostthreatenedplants.語篇解讀本文是一篇應用文。文章主要向讀者介紹了倫敦一些著名的公園景點。1．WhatcanvisitorsdoinbothHornimanGardensandChiswickGarden?A．Studylivingfossils.B．Tastedeliciousfood.C．Enjoyimpressiveart.D．Appreciatefineviews.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HornimanGardens部分的“HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.”和ChiswickGarden部分的“Enjoyfreshbread...whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape...”可知，游客可以在霍尼曼花園和奇斯威克花園欣賞美景。故選D。2．Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttojoininhands-onactivities?A．HornimanGardens.B．ChiswickGarden.C．BuckinghamPalaceGarden.D．KewGarden.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KewGarden部分的“Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden，spotlocalwildlifeatthelake，orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.”可知，如果游客想?yún)⒓訉嵺`活動，他們應該去KewGarden。故選D。3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toinformvisitorsoffamousgardens.B．Toentertaininterestedgardenvisitors.C．Tostressthenecessityofgardenescape.D．Toshowthebenefitsoftouringgardens.答案A解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段的“Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden，werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.”可知，文章的目的是向游客介紹著名公園。故選A。BScientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”，isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿非洲種)．ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and，basedonevidencefromitssurroundings，wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists，becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans，thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason，scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis，asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago，wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles，ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana，US，usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks，whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射線)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied，thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear；thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherocks(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives，sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However，teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears，atonly2,500milesaway，thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個著名的人類祖先頭骨的年代比專家們認為的要早100萬年。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了我們對人類歷史的認識。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.”和第二段的“Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed‘MrsPles’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科學家預期的要早100萬年。故選C。5．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”？A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks...thesurvivingamountreveals...onthesurface.”可知，科學家通過測量保存下來的化學物質的含量來得到“Ples夫人”的準確年齡。故選D。6．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.”可知，我們能從這項新研究中推斷出來自非洲的類人猿物種可能相互交流。故選D。7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull答案B解析標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，...”可知，本文主要講的是科學家們解開了一個關于現(xiàn)代人類祖先頭骨的謎題，因此最好的題目是B選項“AncestorMysterySolved”。故選B。C(★)Afterafive-yeartraveltostudyplants，animalsandfossils(化石)inSouthAmericaandontheislandsinthePacific，BritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinbroughttheideaofnaturalselectiontotheattentionoftheworldinhisbestsellingbook，OntheOriginofSpecies.Naturalselectionistheprocessthroughwhichpopulationsoflivingorganismsadaptandchangenaturally.Individualsinapopulationarenaturallyvariable.Inotherwords，theyarealldifferentinsomeways.Thisvariationmeansthatsomeindividualshavecharacteristicsbettersuitedtotheenvironmentthanothers.Individualswithadaptivecharacteristics—characteristicsthatgivethemsomeadvantage—aremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce.Theseindividualsthenpasstheadaptivecharacteristicsontotheirchildren.Overtime，thesecharacteristicsbecomemorecommoninthepopulation.Throughthisprocessofnaturalselection，adaptivecharacteristicsarepassedontothenextgenerations.Thoseorganismsthatcannotadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionwilldieout.Naturalselectioncanalsoleadtonewanddistinctlydifferentspecies.ItisoneoftheprocessesthatdrivephylogenesisandhelptoexplainthediversityoflifeonEarth.Darwinchosethenamenaturalselectiontocontrastwithartificialselectionthatiscontrolledbyhumans.Darwinandotherscientistsofhisdayarguedthataprocessmuchlikeartificialselectionhappenedinnature，withoutanyhumanhelp.Hearguedthatnaturalselectionexplainedhowawidevarietyoflifeformsdevelopedovertimefromasinglecommonancestor.Throughstudyingthefossilrecord，weknowthatsomespeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionandmanyofthemthatoncelivedonEartharenowextinct.Dinosaursareoneexample.However，humanactionssuchasover-huntingandthedestructionofhabitatshavebecomethemaincauseofextinctionstoday.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了達爾文的自然選擇法則，解釋了其概念以及自然選擇在生物多樣性上的作用。8．Whydosomespeciesdieoutaccordingtothetext?A．Theycan’tadapttothechangedenvironments.B．Theyfailtolearnfromtheircommonancestors.C．Theyhavetoomanyvariableindividualsinthespecies.D．Theycannotfindenoughfoodandstarvetodeathslowly.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thoseorganismsthatcannotadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionwilldieout.”可知，物種滅絕的原因是跟不上環(huán)境的變化。故選A。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phylogenesis”inparagraph3referto?A．Extinction. B．Exposure.C．Development. D．Replacement.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段畫線詞上下文內容可知，自然選擇能產生新的和截然不同的物種，是驅動物種發(fā)展的過程，有助于解釋地球上生命的多樣性。故畫線詞意思是“發(fā)展”。故選C。10．Whichparagraphmentionsthedifferencebetweenartificialandnaturalselections?A．Paragraph1. B．Paragraph2.C．Paragraph3. D．Paragraph4.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Darwinchosethenamenaturalselection...withoutanyhumanhelp.”可知，第四段提到了人工選擇和自然選擇的區(qū)別。故選D。11．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Species’extinctionisslowingdownrecently.B．Humanactionscanleadtospecies’extinctions.C．Measuresmustbetakentostopeatinganimals.D．Artificialselectionismoreimportantthannaturalselection.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“However，humanactionssuchasover-huntingandthedestructionofhabitatshavebecomethemaincauseofextinctionstoday.”可知，人類行為也可能導致物種滅絕。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五IcametoRussiatostudyinthewinterof2021.MyuniversityislocatedinMoscow，thecapitalofRussia，whichisacitywithalonghistory.ThesecondIsteppedoutoftheairport，Iimmediatelyfelthowcolditwasoutside.1WhenIsawthemainbuildingofMoscowStateUniversity，Iwasdeeplyshockedbyitsbeautifularchitecturewithits270-year-l