英語考研二級閱讀理解真題2023

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題2023

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題2023

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英語考研二級閱讀理解真題1

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generation

collegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollege

degree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievement

factors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesare

higher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremost1ikelytoadvance

economicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesand

universitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.

Thishascreatedaparadoxinthatrecruitingfirst-generation

students,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher

educationhascontinuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthan

closeachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothe

depressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournal

PsychologicalSciense.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asit

outlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthat

千里之行，始于足下。

anapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)

canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuch

factorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,

andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147

students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateunive

rsity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwith

afour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generation

students(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,a

federalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,while

thiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleast

oneparentwithafour-yeardegree

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncould

haveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generation

studentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpractical

knowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemost

collegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthors

toshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclose

theachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethe

middle-classcultureofhighereducation,learntherulesofthe

game,andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywriteAnd

thisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabout

theclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsof

studentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldom

acknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducational

experience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightabout

whytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents

第2頁/共15頁

likethemcanimprove

26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates

[B]narrowedtheachievementgao

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose

[D]depressedcollegestudents

27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimistic

because

[A]theproblemissolvable

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[qtherecruitingratehasincreased

[D]theirfindingappealtostudents

28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents

[A]studyatprivateuniversities

[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies

[qareinneedoffinancialsupport

千里之行，始于足下。

[D]havefailedtheircollage

29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generation

students

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat一

[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthe

middle-class

[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackof

resources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducational

experiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheproblemin

question

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題2

Text2

第4頁/共15頁

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthat

empiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou'remore

beautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgood

aboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberof

self-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe

“aboveaverageeffect”,oruillusorysuperiority”,and

shownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasabove

averageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwell

withothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesinto

self-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,

andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,

westalkaroundthinkingwe'rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpley

oversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementand

attractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheir

beautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyan

originalphotograghofthemselves'fromalineupincluding

versionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandless

attractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“an

automaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyand

intuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconscious

deliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalsely

flatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelievedit

wasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgender

differenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,those

whoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswho

thoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)were

doingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthose

千里之行，始于足下。

whothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscale

wererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedother

makersforhavinghigherself-esteem."Idon,tthinkthe

findingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonal

delusion”,saysEpley."It'sareflectionsimplyofpeople

generallythinkingwellofthemselves,.Ifyouaredepressed,

youwon'tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley's

study,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsof

themselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognise

thepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,is

aself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythe

mostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,

intellectandlifestyleit'snotthatpeople'sprofilesare

dishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madison

university,“buttheyportrayanidealizedversionof

themselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologist

havefoundthat.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's

rapidwatching

第6頁/共15頁

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence

28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtended

to

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestin

meaningto.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

?particularly

[D]aggressively

30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer's

paradisebecausepeoplecan.

千里之行，始于足下。

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題3

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlantic

induedsettlersandsojourners.Alongwiththemanyfolks

lookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethose

whohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhile

about2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalian

immigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.

Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,

birdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedivide

nemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.

WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbroken

immigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhow

tofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochange

thewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrick

definitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognize

thenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegray

areas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

第8頁/共15頁

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,

entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesand

physicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyare

energeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflow

ofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoas

opportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinone

placeandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,

jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.Weneedthemtoimagine

theUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductivefor

awhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.We

needthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthat

theycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwill

requirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigration

battle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrong

meansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthat

managingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsand

multipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasyto

accomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.

26"Birdsofpassage“referstothosewho

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

stayinaforegintemporally.

千里之行，始于足下。

[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigration

stystemintheUS____

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

28_Accordingtotheauthor,today'sbirdsofpassage

want

[A]fiancialincentives.

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetoday

shouldbetreated

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors.

第10頁/共15頁

[C]withregaltolerance.

[D]asmightyrivals.

30選出最適合文章的標(biāo)題

[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.

[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.

[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.

[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題4

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmerica

inAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.

Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,he

camerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalof

runningacompany."Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuch

mydecision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalking

forthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServices

Group,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtime

toreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italso

sentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.

千里之行，始于足下。

AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesat

AvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthatthey

werelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession

plansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswho

don,tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusiness

environmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague

pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputy-

chiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.In

thethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearago

asnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,according

toLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunities

willaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetter

oneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutivesandheadhunters

haveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidates

aretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferryseniorpartner

DennisCarey："Ican<tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedone

whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOs

first.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedin

toppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicana

adecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbefore

shebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.

RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2023withambitionstobe

aCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancial

institutionthreeyearslater.

第12頁/共15頁

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortop

performers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptable

tobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.