專用版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題八細(xì)節(jié)理解閱讀課件

第二部分閱讀理解專題八細(xì)節(jié)理解閱讀高考英語

(浙江專用)A組

自主命題·浙江卷題組五年高考Passage1(2019浙江6月,A)詞數(shù):359ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary(軍隊(duì)的)medalsforsaleinantique

storesandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals'rightfulown-

ers,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPur-

pleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.Zacknowsthemeaning

ofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthe

medal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado'ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinally

reachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:“Whoareyou?Whatantiqueshop?”How-

ever,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackand

apologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y.“Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeant

business,”Zacsays.“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme.”ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn'trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitary

medals,theoneZac'smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure.“Thismedalwasverypreciousto

myparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions(場合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinour

hands,”Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewold-

er,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwe

hadleft.”CorradoPiccoli'sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssocia-

tioninWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado's

medal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.1.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself?A.Inthearmy.

B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.2.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim?A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.3.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents'advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文,主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容是社會交往。文章講述

了一位獲得過紫心勛章的老戰(zhàn)士收集丟失的紫心勛章并物歸原主的故事。文章側(cè)重于對學(xué)

生文化意識的培養(yǎng)。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Zac是在哪里獲得自己的紫心勛章的?根據(jù)文章第二段的he

earnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier(他作為一名戰(zhàn)士在一次戰(zhàn)爭中為自己贏得了一枚紫心

勛章)可知,A項(xiàng)(在軍隊(duì)中)正確。B:在一家古董店;C:從他媽媽那里;D:從AdelineRockko那

里。2.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:當(dāng)Adeline開車來見他的時(shí)候,Zac明白了什么?根據(jù)第三段

的描述,尤其是Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness(在那時(shí),我知道她是認(rèn)真的)可知,Zac明

白了Adeline非常重視那枚勛章,故答案為B項(xiàng)。A:她非常不禮貌;C:她懷疑他的誠實(shí);D:她來自

一個(gè)富有的家庭。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Adeline珍惜紫心勛章的原因是什么?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段

的“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,“andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft.”可知,Adeline珍惜這枚勛章的原因是她對哥哥的懷念,故D項(xiàng)正

確。A:她父母的建議;B:她的古董知識;C:她兒時(shí)的夢想。高考熱詞antiquestore古董店trackdown追查到hangup掛斷(電話)immigrantn.移民

preciousadj.珍貴的Passage2(2018浙江11月,B)詞數(shù):260ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents'

homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeena

birthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars

(日歷),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(農(nóng)村的)schoolingwasdividedinto

summerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingand

fallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudya

year,withonebreakperquarter.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalen-

darsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscould

leadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestfor

teachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors'concernthatpackingstudentsintohot

classroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.Butpeople'sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,is

oneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaver-

ageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunder

increasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships(實(shí)習(xí))orstudy,there'sstillroomforan

institutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.1.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A.Enjoyasummervacation.B.Takeabreakeachquarter.C.Have48weeksofstudyayear.D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.2.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?A.Theyintroducedsummervacation.B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.3.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear?A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.答案[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章介紹了美國學(xué)校兩個(gè)假期的形成及人們的觀點(diǎn)。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的Ruralschoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinter

terms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.

可知,在農(nóng)村地區(qū),假期里孩子可以去農(nóng)田幫忙。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知,1840年的改革中,教育家提出了暑假的概念

和操作。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,

whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesof

U.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin

2007.可知,對假期制度不滿的人認(rèn)為,正是假期造成了美國學(xué)校教育質(zhì)量的下降。高考熱詞setoff出發(fā)去……birthrightn.與生俱來的權(quán)利regularlyadv.有規(guī)律地down-

timen.休息institutionn.學(xué)校,學(xué)院,機(jī)構(gòu),制度

長難句

原句:Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcen-

tury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbe-

lowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.分析:本句是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的句子,其主句是Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak

isoneofthereasons.之后的mathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwell

belowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007是定語從句,修飾reasons。譯文:一些專家說,20世紀(jì)初開始的愉快但懶惰的暑假是美國高中生數(shù)學(xué)技能和畢業(yè)率在2007

年公布的兩份國際教育報(bào)告中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于平均水平的原因之一。Passage3(2018浙江6月,C)詞數(shù):300Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePi-

quettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(裝配線)on

September27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFord

wouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.Thecarshapedsomeofthemostlasting

aspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.For

mostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathigh

speedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmerican

ideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,the

largestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarinevery

garage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformed

Americafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.In

Americathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(過度的)energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowth

havebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,

buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“The

abilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairand

healthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”1.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans'lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica'sroadsystem.2.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.3.WhatisFriedman'sattitudetowardsAmerica'sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國汽車的發(fā)展及其對美國社會和文化發(fā)展的

影響。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段的ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmeri-

canculture...可知,此處提到“hamburger”的目的是證明美國的汽車對美國文化的影響。因此

B項(xiàng)正確。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段的ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreatea

globalecologicaldisaster.可知,汽車的使用導(dǎo)致了美國的環(huán)境問題。故選B項(xiàng)。3.C推理判斷題。從文章的最后一段可知,Friedman指出綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是保持美國強(qiáng)大的機(jī)會。

因此他對美國的未來是“充滿希望的”。故選C項(xiàng)。高考熱詞eventuallyadv.最終abundantadj.大量的,豐富的interstateadj.州際的con-

sumptionn.消費(fèi)長難句

原句:Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingfor-wardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.分析:本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。whatitmeant...是一個(gè)賓語從句。譯文:在上個(gè)世紀(jì)的絕大部分時(shí)間,汽車代表了美國的實(shí)質(zhì)——高速向前去發(fā)現(xiàn)新的世界。Passage4(2017浙江11月,C)詞數(shù):270Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recy-

clingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance,usesonly5%to10%asmuchenergyasproducingnew

plasticorsmelting(提煉)aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall“theenvironment,”BuckminsterFuller

said,“Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources(資源)wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleft

aroundbecausewe'vebeenignorantoftheirvalue.”Totakeoneexample,let'scomparethe

throwawayeconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))witharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife.Sayyourcatweighs5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eachemptycanofitsfoodweighs4

0g.Inathrowawayeconomy,youwouldthrowaway5,475cansoverthecat's15-yearlifetime.

That's219kgofsteel—morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat'sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwith,thenreplacethemover

andoveragainwithrecycledcans.Sincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we'd

havetomakeanextra10canseachyear.Butinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat'slifetime—andwe'llstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgofsteel,we'veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecycling

steelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we'vealsoachievedthefollowingsignificantsav-

ings:inenergyuse—47%to74%;inairpollution—85%;inwaterpollution—35%;inwateruse—

40%.1.WhatdoesBuckminsterFullersayaboutpollution?A.Itisingmoreserious.B.Itdestroystheenvironment.C.Itbenefitstheeconomy.D.Itistheresourcesyettobeused.2.Howmanycanswillbeusedupinacat's15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A.50.

B.100.C.150.

D.250.3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromotetheideaofrecycling.B.Tointroduceanenvironmentalist.C.Todiscussthecausesofpollution.D.Todefendthethrowawayeconomy.答案[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章通過養(yǎng)貓的食品罐的循環(huán)使用說明循環(huán)利用的好處。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在文章第二段中,BuckminsterFuller說“污染只是我們沒有得到的資源”,

所以選D。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的數(shù)據(jù),尤其是最后一句話可知,在貓的一生我們要消耗

總計(jì)150個(gè)食罐。3.A主旨要義題。本文主要通過舉例說明循環(huán)利用的好處。高考熱詞ignorantadj.無知的recyclev.回收replacev.代替processn.過程Passage5(2017浙江6月,C)詞數(shù):318FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasa

caregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskills

bytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictional

jobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)popula-

tionbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativesto

keepjobs,suchmeasureswillemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Oth-

erssayit'sonlynaturalthaterslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasacon-

ditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsare

eventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpro-

moteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmi-

grationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly'sthen56.7

millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.

56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants'childrenaccount-

ingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住權(quán))wouldhelpher

bringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthe

lowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner,”anoutsider,eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryfor

yearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.1.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.2.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay

.A.reduceItaly'spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools3.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了意大利對外來移民進(jìn)行語言測試以及人們對

此的不同看法。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段的“inordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytak-

ingatestwhichrequires...”可知她參加考試是為了繼續(xù)留在意大利。2.B推理判斷題。從第三段的“Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatas...suchmeasureswill

emoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration.”可知,他們擔(dān)心會造成沖突。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyears

andcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently”可知,C項(xiàng)正確。高考熱詞fictionaladj.虛構(gòu)的inexchangefor作為……的交換advocaten.提倡者;支持者

contributeto對……做貢獻(xiàn)長難句

原句:ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrantpopulation

bydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.分析:本句中,ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountry是主句;tryingtocontrolagrowingim-

migrantpopulation是定語。bydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orin

somecases,citizenship是方式狀語。譯文:意大利是最新的試圖通過要求語言技能來換取工作許可或在某些情況下,公民身份,以控

制不斷增長的移民的西歐國家。Passage6(2016浙江10月,B)詞數(shù):267TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduce

electricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator(發(fā)電機(jī)).Theideaistogetpeo-

plefitandreducetheircarbonfootprint.Guestswillhavetoproduceatleast10watthoursofelec-

tricity—roughly15minutesofcyclingforsomeoneofaveragefitness.GuestsstayingatPlazaHo-

telwillbegivenmealticketsworth$36oncetheyhaveproduced10watthoursofelectricity.The

bicycleswillhavesmartphonesattachedtothehandlebarsmeasuringhowmuchpowerisbeing

generatedforthehotel.Theplan,aworld-first,willstarton19Aprilandrunforayear.Onlyguestsstayingatthehotel

willbeabletotakepart.FrederikkeToemmergaard,hotelspokeswoman,said,“Manyofourvisi-

torsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoingtothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejustto

getafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon'tthinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme.”Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand36%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneof

thehighestpercentagesintheworld,accordingtothewebsitevisitcopenhagen.dk.USenviron-mentalwebsiterecentlyvotedCopenhagentheworld'sbestcityforcyclists.

“BecauseCopenhagenisstronglyconnectedwithcycling,wefeltthebicyclewouldworkwellas

asymbolofthehotel'sgreenprofile(形象).”Ifsuccessful,theelectricbicyclemealprogrammewillbespreadtoallCrownePlazahotelsinthe

UK,thehotelsaidinastatement.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefreemealprogramme?A.Topromotethehotel'sgreenconcept.B.Tomakethecityknowntotheworld.C.Toattractpeopletothehotelrestaurant.D.Togetgueststostaylongeratthehotel.2.Howcanaparticipantgetafreemeal?A.Byingaprofessionalcyclist.B.Bycyclingtoproducesomeelectricity.C.Bylinkingasmartphonetoabicycle.D.Bymonitoringhisorhercarbonfootprint.3.Whoaremostlikelytoenterfortheprogramme?A.Thepoorlocalpeople.B.Theenvironmentactivists.C.Health-conscioushotelguests.D.VisitorsfondofCopenhagenfood.4.Accordingtoparagraph3,Copenhagenhasoneoftheworld's

.A.bestchainhotelsB.greenestnaturalenvironmentsC.longestbikepathsD.highestratesofpeoplecyclingtowork答案[語篇解讀]這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了哥本哈根一家賓館為了提倡環(huán)保,鼓勵(lì)入住的客

人騎自行車發(fā)電,達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就免餐一頓。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段的“Theideaistogetpeoplefitandreducetheircarbonfoot-

print.”可以得出答案。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段的“TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafree

mealtoanyguestwhoisabletoproduceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoa

generator.”可以知道本題的答案是B。3.C推理判斷題。從文章第二段的“Manyofourvisitorsarebusinesspeoplewhoenjoygoing

tothegym.Theremightbepeoplewhowillcyclejusttogetafreemeal,butgenerallyIdon't

thinkpeoplewilltakeadvantageofourprogramme.”可知,參加這項(xiàng)活動的是賓館的有健康意

識的客人,所以排除A、B和D。4.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Copenhagenhasalong-standingcyclingtraditionand3

6%oflocalscycletoworkeachday,oneofthehighestpercentagesintheworld”可以知道,哥本哈根是世界上騎車上班比例最高的國家之一。高考熱詞percentagen.百分比environmentaladj.自然環(huán)境的長難句

原句:TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguestwhoisableto

produceelectricityforthehotelonanexercisebikelinkedtoagenerator.分析:TheCrownePlazaHotelinCopenhagenisofferingafreemealtoanyguest是主句;whois

abletoproduceelectricityforthehotel...是定語從句。譯文:哥本哈根的皇冠假日酒店為任何能用與發(fā)電機(jī)相連的運(yùn)動自行車為酒店發(fā)電的客人免

費(fèi)提供一餐。B組

統(tǒng)一命題、省(區(qū)、市)卷題組Passage1(2019課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,A)詞數(shù):256NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummer

jobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailableto

helppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthis

program,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū)).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000

tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanage-

mentprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavariety

ofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunity

groups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto2

9forpersonswithadisability.1.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.2.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18.B.15—24.C.15—29.D.16—17.3.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,主題語境是人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容為暑期工作介紹。文章

介紹了省政府及其合作伙伴為學(xué)生提供的幾個(gè)暑期工作項(xiàng)目。本文旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生多渠道獲

得信息的能力。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:SummerCompany有什么特別之處?根據(jù)SummerCompany

標(biāo)題下第一句(SummerCompany給學(xué)生提供實(shí)際操作的商業(yè)培訓(xùn)和高達(dá)3,000美元的夏季自

我創(chuàng)業(yè)獎勵(lì))可知B項(xiàng)正確(為創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供獎勵(lì))。A:在上崗前不要求培訓(xùn);C:讓一個(gè)人在自然

環(huán)境下工作;D:提供更多的夏季工作機(jī)會。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:StewardshipYouthRangerProgram要求的年齡范圍是多大?

根據(jù)StewardshipYouthRangerProgram標(biāo)題下第二段中的學(xué)生年齡是16或17歲,并且在今年12

月31日以前不滿18歲。由此可知答案為D項(xiàng)。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:哪個(gè)項(xiàng)目對殘疾人有利?根據(jù)題干中的thedisabled可定位

到SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分最后一句話(有些職位要求學(xué)生年齡15到24歲,有殘

疾的可以放寬到29歲)。由此可知答案為D項(xiàng)。高考熱詞provincialadj.省的employmentn.雇用disabilityn.殘障;殘疾Passage2(2019課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,C)詞數(shù):261Asdataandidentitytheftesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric

(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpre-

sent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgets

aroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)

withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastrong

layerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkey

presses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'siden-

tities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—

regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Every-

bodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedif-

ferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthe

keyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,

plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文,主題語境是科學(xué)與技術(shù),主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。文章介

紹了GeorgiaTech的研究者們想出了一種低成本的裝置——智能鍵盤,來保護(hù)私人的電子空

間,并希望這種設(shè)備能盡快進(jìn)入市場,服務(wù)消費(fèi)者。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:研究者們?yōu)槭裁囱邪l(fā)智能鍵盤?根據(jù)文章第一段可知,現(xiàn)在

一些阻止別人進(jìn)入私人電子空間的技術(shù)成本仍然很高。因此,來自GeorgiaTech的研究者們想

出了一種低成本的(low-cost)裝置——智能鍵盤,來應(yīng)對這個(gè)問題。所以答案為D項(xiàng):減少電子

空間保護(hù)的成本。A:減輕對按鍵的壓力;B:提升打字的精確度;C:取代密碼系統(tǒng)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:什么使智能鍵盤這項(xiàng)發(fā)明成為可能?根據(jù)第二段第四句

“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.”可知,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能

鍵盤能識別人的身份,保護(hù)人的隱私。所以答案為C項(xiàng):打字模式因人而異。A:計(jì)算機(jī)很容易

操作;B:指紋掃描技術(shù)發(fā)展很快;D:數(shù)據(jù)安全措施有保證。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:研究者們對智能鍵盤期待什么?根據(jù)文章最后一段最后兩

句話,研究者們說鍵盤應(yīng)該直接商業(yè)化,智能鍵盤主要是由價(jià)格低廉的塑料類配件制成,團(tuán)隊(duì)希望它在不久的將來進(jìn)入市場。所以答案為B項(xiàng)(它將很快到達(dá)消費(fèi)者手里)。A:它將是環(huán)保的;

C:它將用塑料制造。此項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng),用塑料制造是事實(shí),但不是將來發(fā)生的事;D:它將有助于加

速打字。4.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:這篇文章最有可能來自哪里?文章介紹了一種新的保護(hù)電

子隱私空間的設(shè)備——智能鍵盤,并且希望產(chǎn)品能很快走進(jìn)市場。本文語言客觀嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),屬于科

普類文章,故答案為D項(xiàng):雜志。A:日記;B:指導(dǎo)手冊;C:小說。高考熱詞identityn.身份;特性uniqueadj.獨(dú)特的straightforwardadj.簡單的;坦率的;明

確的;徑直的commercializev.使商業(yè)化;使商品化長難句

原句:ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgets

aroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.分析:該句主干為Researcherssaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice。fromGeorgia

Tech為介詞短語作后置定語,修飾Researchers;thatgetsaroundthisproblem是定語從句,修飾

device。譯文:來自GeorgiaTech的研究者說他們想出了一種低成本的解決這個(gè)問題的設(shè)備:智能鍵盤。Passage3(2019課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ,D)詞數(shù):309Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodies

growuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhours

cleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAingthisverytinybigproblem?It'sturningto

abunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschool

classrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairport

HighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwo

years,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythink

they'reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhavetodo

itjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,

otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisprod-

uctandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-per-sonreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbus