譯林牛津版高中英語選擇性必修三全冊教學課件

譯林版高中英語選擇性必修三全冊優(yōu)質(zhì)教學課件1UNIT1WishyouwerehereSectionAWelcometotheunit&ReadingWelcometotheunitTherealvoyageofdiscoveryconsistsnotinseekingnewlandscapes,butinhavingneweyes.—MarcelProustWhat'syourunderstanding?Therearemanypopulartouristdestinationsaroundtheworld.Lookatthepostcardsbelowanddiscussthefollowingquestioninpairs.ChinaUKUSAAustraliaWhatdoyouknowabouttheseplaces?Howwouldyoudescribeeachofthefourpostcardsabove?ChinaUKUSAAustraliaWhat’syourfavouritetouristdestination?Andhowdoyoufeelaboutit?Self-evaluationWhattouristdestinationshaveyouevervisitedorwouldyouliketovisit?Canyoudescribeyourfavouritetouristdestinationtoyourclassmates?ReadingWhatdoyouknowaboutthenationalsymbolsofCanada?

1.TheBeaver海貍2.CoatofArms盾徽3.TheMapleLeafTartan格子呢4.TheMapleTree5.TheCanadianFlag6.TheNationalAnthem國歌7.IceHockey冰上曲棍球8.Lacrosse長曲棍球ReadingCanada—alandofdiversityItmeansthatarangeofpeopleorthingsthatareverydifferentfromeachother.ReadingIntroductionPara.1:Canadaisabroadandbeautifulcountrywithdiverseethnicgroupsanddistinctcultures.ConclusionMainBodyPara.4:Canadais____________diverse.Para.5:Canadaisa______placeto______Para.2:Canadais_____________diverse.Para.3:Canadais____________diverse.geographicallyethnicallyculturallyuniqueliveandvisitPara.11.Howtotranslatethissentence?“Canadaislikeablooming

flower,unfolding

withbreathtakingbeautyandrichnesstowintheheartofthosewhoenjoywhatithastooffer.”2.Findoutallthewordsthatcanreflectthe“diversity”ofCanadainpara.1.richness,broad,ethnicallydiverse,distinctsimile(明喻）Para.2GeographicaldiversityPara.2GeographicaldiversityPara.2Geographicaldiversity1.WhatnaturalscenerycanbeseeninCanada?thegrandRockyMountainshighpeaksdeepvalleysancient,slow-movingglaciersahugevarietiesofwildliferemoteforestsnationalparksmightyNiagaraFallsPara.2GeographicaldiversityTotheeastofthePacificcoast___thegrandRockymountains,whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleys______by

iceandwater.risecarvedInversion

（倒裝）Ancient,___________glaciers_____thelandandahugevarietyofwildlife________theremoteforests.Onetrulyunique___________inCanadaisthe_______NiagaraFallswithwater_______overitsedgeina_________________sightsandsounds.slow-movinghugwanderspersonification(擬人)scenicspotmightyrushingsplendiddisplayofPara.3ethnicdiversityPara.4culturaldiversity1.What’stherelationshipbetweenethnicdiversityandculturaldiversity?inturn,bringabout2.Inwhatwayscanyoufeelthesubculturesthere?Should

youfindyourselfinoneofthesesubcultures,languages,cuisine,architecture,artandmusicwilldefineyourencounter.Para.4culturaldiversity3.Howdoestheauthorillustratehispointofview?A.BylistingfiguresB.BymakingcomparisonsC.ByanalyzingcausesD.BygivingexamplesPara.4culturaldiversityMulticulturalismDayinCanada:In2002,theGovernmentofCanadaannouncedJune27thtobeMulticulturalismDay.Eachyearonthisday,Canadiansandnon-Canadiansalikereflectandrecognisethedifferencesthatmakeuptheirnation.TherearemanyrichculturestobefoundinCanadaandbyhighlightingthedifferentbeliefs,valuesandculturalpractices,peopleareexposedtoabiggerperspectiveonwhatreallymakesCanadaspecial.Para.4culturaldiversityMulticulturalismDayinCanada:In2002,theGovernmentofCanadaannouncedJune27thtobeMulticulturalismDay.Eachyearonthisday,Canadiansandnon-Canadiansalikereflectandrecognisethedifferencesthatmakeuptheirnation.TherearemanyrichculturestobefoundinCanadaandbyhighlightingthedifferentbeliefs,valuesandculturalpractices,peopleareexposedtoabiggerperspectiveonwhatreallymakesCanadaspecial.ConclusionCanada’s___________wonders,______groupsandtheir_______makeitauniqueplacetoliveandvisit.geographicalethnicculturesWhilereadingReadthewebsitearticleagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestion.(1)WherearethegrandRockyMountains?TheyrisetotheeastofthePacificcoast.(2)WhatcanreflectthediversityofCanada’sresidents?Canada’smanyruralareasandurbancenters.(3)Inwhatwayscanyoufeelthesubculturesthere?Inlanguages,cuisine,architecture,artandmusic.Whilereading(4)WhatcanyoudoonCapeBretonIsland?YoucandancetofiddletunesandenjoytheculturesandtraditionsofCelticsettlers.(5)WhatmakesCanadaauniqueplacetoliveanvisit?Itsgeographicalwonders,ethnicgroupsandtheircultures.1.Inthearticle,theauthorcomparesCanadatoabloomingflower.WhatwouldyoucompareCanadato?Why?Post-readingIwouldcompareCanadatoagrandmasterpiecepaintedbyMotherNature.ShepaintsCanada’sforests,lakesandmountainsinbrightcolourstocapturetheawesomebeautyanddiversity.Sheportraysitscitiesinadistinctivestyletoillustratetheiruniquenessandusesharmoniouscolourtonesthatrepresentthemanymulticulturalaspectsamongitspeople.2.Canadaisalandofdiversity,andsoisChina.WhataspectscanreflectChina’sdiversity?Post-readingChina’sdiversityisreflectedinitsgeography,wildlifeandpeople.Chinahasspectaculardeserts,jungles,grassyplainsandwetlands,whichplayanimportantroleincreatingitsuniquebiodiversity.AnimalslikethegiantpandaandtheYangtzeRiverdolphin,areexamplesofthis.Chinahassomanydifferentminoritiesthattravellerscanexperiencearangeoflocaltraditionsandcultures.DearAuntMay,I'mhereinCalgary,aCanadiancity

with(1)

features.Asan

exchangestudent,I'mstayingwithanicehostfamilyinthesuburbsfortwoweeks.(2)

_________enjoyingmyschoollifeatalocalhighschool,I'vebeenshown

aroundthesightsofCalgary,suchastheBotanicalGardensofSilverSprings.Ialso

havetheopportunityto(3)

thelocalcuisine.

Myhostfamilyexplainedthehistoryofthiscitytome.Clovispeoplearebelieved

to

be

the(4)__________intheCalgaryarea.In1883,arailwaystationwas

constructed.Theareagraduallygrewtobeanimportantagriculturalcentreaspeoplemovedintoestablishfarmsandraisecattle.Thisonceunknownareahasnowbecomeamodern,(5)

city,Thisisevidentfromthehigh-rise

buildingsin(6)_______areas,suchastheCalgaryTower.distinct

splendid

dynamic

comeasnosurpriseurban

sample

ancestor

apartfromdistinctApartfromsampleancestorsdynamicurbanCalgaryislocatedneartheRockyMountains.There'sathickblanketofsnowin

somemountainareasovermuchofthewinter,It(7)

thatthecity

hasbecomeapopulardestinationforwintersportslovers.Thisweekend,myhostfamilywilltakemetoski.Wewillenjoythe(8)

sceneryofBanff

NationalParktoo.Ialsocan'twaittohaveagoatthenationalwintersport--icehockey.l'mamazedthatCalgaryhasbeenconsistentlyrecognizedasoneoftheworld'smostliveablecities!Yourniece,Lisacomesasnosurprisesplendiddistinct

splendid

dynamic

comeasnosurpriseurban

sample

ancestor

apartfromLanguagepoints1Canadaislikeabloomingflower，unfoldingwithbreathtakingbeautyandrichness...加拿大如同一朵盛開的花兒，綻放出驚人的美麗與豐富……unfoldvi.&vt.開花；展開，打開；展示，展現(xiàn)；透露Heunfoldedthemapandsetitonthefloor.他展開地圖，把它放在了地板上?！就卣埂縡oldv.折疊；對折

搭配：foldup折疊Ifoldedtheletterandthenputitintotheenvelope.我把信折好，然后把它放進信封里?！驹~塊背誦】unfoldbefore呈現(xiàn)在……面前【說明】（1）un-+v.表示“相反”的動作：uncover揭露，unlock開鎖（2）un-+adj.表示“相反”的狀態(tài)：unsafe不安全的，unreal不真實的單句語法填空（1）Sheopenedtheenvelope，tookouttheletter，and

（unfold）it.（2）Shehadknowntoomanybusinessesfolded

throughbadmanagement.（3）Weoughttolookbelowthesurfaceofthingsandthen

（cover）theessenceofthem.（4）Criticsclaimthetrucksrunfastandare

（safe）.unfoldedupuncoverunsafe2Itisalsooneofthemostethnicallydiversenationsintheworldwithdistinctcultures.這也是世界上民族最為多元化的國家之一，有其獨特的文化。distinct

adj.截然不同的，有區(qū)別的，不同種類的；清楚的，清晰的搭配：bedistinctfrom與……不同Thosetwoideasarequitedistinctfromeachother.

那兩種觀點截然不同?！就卣埂浚?）distinctlyadv.顯然地，清楚地Helookeddistinctlyuncomfortablewhenthesubjectwasmentioned.

當提到這個話題時，他顯然局促不安起來。（2）distinctionn.區(qū)別；分清；辨別；優(yōu)秀Thereisadistinctionbetweenwhathesaysandwhathedoes.他言行不一。Employersshouldhiremenandwomenwithoutdistinction.雇主用人應(yīng)不分男女?！驹~塊背誦】adistinctionbetween...and...……和……之間的區(qū)別

withoutdistinction

無差別單句語法填空（1）Shehadthe

（distinct）ofbeingthefirstwomantoswimthechannel.（2）Theolduniversitiesareopentoall，

distinctionofrankorreligion.（3）Althoughtheylooksimilar，theseplantsareactuallyquitedistinct

eachother.（4）I

（distinct）heardtheloudspeakercallingpassengersfortheWashington-Miamiflight.（5）Thelawmakesnodistinction

adultsandchildren.distinctionwithoutfromdistinctlybetween3InthetenprovincesandthreeterritorieswhichmakeupCanada，thereisgreatdiversityingeography.組成加拿大的十個省份和三個地區(qū)在地理風貌上有很大的差異。makeup構(gòu)成，形成；虛構(gòu)，編造；和解，言歸于好；湊足；化妝，打扮Farmersmakeuponlyasmallsectionofthepopulationinthatcountry.在那個國家農(nóng)民只占人口的一小部分。Ithinkit’sveryunkindofyoutomakeupstoriesabouthim.我認為你編造他的謠言很不友好。【詞塊背誦】makeupfor彌補，補償makeout辨認出；明白，理解makeit及時到達；取得成功makethebestof充分利用makeupone’smind下定決心

makegood/fulluseof充分利用【說明】部分+makeup+整體=整體+bemadeupof+部分Threedifferentpartsmakeupthis.=Thisismadeupofthreedifferentparts.這由三個不同部分組成。寫出句中makeup的含義（1）Shespenttwohoursmakingherselfupbeforetheparty.

（2）Jackhasanoutgoingpersonalityandisgoodatmakingupjokes.

單句語法填空（3）Wemustmake

bestofthefewnaturalresourceswehave.（4）Itwassofoggythatthedrivercouldhardlymake

thewayahead.化妝

編造

theout4TotheeastofthePacificcoastrisethegrandRockyMountains，whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleyscarvedbyiceandwater.太平洋海岸向東聳立著巍峨的落基山脈，這里有高聳的山峰和被冰川與水流侵蝕而成的深谷。carve

v.侵蝕，沖刷；雕，刻；奮斗取得；把（熟肉）切成塊

搭配carvefrom用……雕刻carveinto雕刻成……

carveout雕刻出carveup劃分；瓜分【拓展】carvingn.雕刻術(shù)；雕刻品Heacquiredthecraftofwoodcarvinginhisnativetown.他在老家學會了木雕手藝?！驹~塊背誦】carveafigure雕一個人像carvethemeat切肉單句語法填空（1）Hecarvedthestone

thefigureofaman.（2）Hecarved

anameforhimselfintheengineeringbusiness.（3）Wood

（carve）beganasanecessityinAmericaanddevelopedintoanart.（4）Thedarkdayswhenimperialismcouldcarve

theworldatwillaregoneforever.（5）Itwascommonpracticetocarveobjects

animalbonestopassthetime.intooutcarvingupfrom5OnetrulyuniquescenicspotinCanadaisthemightyNiagaraFallswithwaterrushingoveritsedgeinasplendiddisplayofsightsandsounds.加拿大真正獨特的一處景點是雄偉壯闊的尼亞加拉瀑布。水流從瀑布邊緣傾瀉而下，景色壯觀，水聲轟鳴。mighty

adj.巨大的，非凡的；強而有力的Amightyforcewasabouttobreakloose.一股巨大的力量即將迸發(fā)而出。【拓展】mightn.威力；強大力量Ipushedtherockwithallmymight.我用盡全力推這塊石頭。單句語法填空（1）TheUnitedKingdomwasa

（might）empirebeforeWorldWarⅠ.（2）Workersofourfactoryareworking

mightandmaintoraiselaborproductivity.mightywithsplendidadj.壯麗的，雄偉的；極佳的，非常好的ThehousecommandedsomesplendidviewsofDelawareBay.從這座房子可以俯瞰到特拉華灣壯麗的景色?！就卣埂縮plendidlyadv.輝煌地；華麗地；極好地Theoldwomandressedevenmoresplendidly.

那位老婦人穿著更為華麗。【詞塊背誦】splendidscene

壯麗的景象splendidchance

極好的機會單句語法填空（1）Ourteamgavea

（splendor）accountofourselvestowinthematch.（2）Assoonashesettleddowntohisnewjob，Alexgotahead

（splendid）.splendidsplendidly6Apartfromitsgeographicaldiversity，Canada’smanyruralareasandurbancentersreflectthediversityofitsresidents.除了其地理環(huán)境的多元化，加拿大的許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)和城市中心還體現(xiàn)了其居民的多元化。apartfrom除了……外（還），此外；除了……外（都），要不是ApartfromEnglish，westudyRussianandSpanish.除了英語以外，我們還學俄語及西班牙語?！颈嫖觥縜partfrom，besides，except，exceptfor，exceptthat/when/where...與butapartfrom表示包括或不包括，要根據(jù)上下文判斷意思。besides表示除……外（還有），是包括在內(nèi)的意思。except表示除去，是不包括的意思。exceptfor“除……之外”，所排除的情況往往不影響整體或大局。exceptthat/when/where...接從句，表示不包括在內(nèi)。but相當于except，通常與no，all，nobody，everything等詞連用。選詞填空：apartfrom/besides/except/exceptfor/exceptthat/but（1）Weworkeveryday

Sunday.（2）Iknownothingabouthim

helivesnextdoor.（3）Theweatherwasgood

anoccasionalshower.（4）Inthiscasethereisnochoice

towait.（5）Welearnsomeothersubjects

English.except/apartfrom

exceptthatexceptforbut

besides/apartfrom

urban

adj.城市的，城鎮(zhèn)的Thequalityofurbanlivinghasbeendamagedbyexcessivenoise.城市生活的質(zhì)量已被過量的噪聲所破壞?！就卣埂縮uburbanadj.市郊的；郊區(qū)的Youwillneedtotakeabustoreachsuburbanareas.要去郊區(qū)，你就需要坐公共汽車?！驹~塊背誦】urbanareas/districts/centers城市地區(qū)/地區(qū)/中心suburbanareas郊區(qū)地帶完成句子（1）Modernindustryhasbeenconcentratedinafew

（城市中心）.（2）Livingstandardsforthepeople

（在郊區(qū)）continuetorise.urbancenters

insuburbanarea7...whiletheminoritygroupsincluderesidentsfromSingaporeandthePacificIslands.……而少數(shù)族裔包括來自新加坡和太平洋島嶼的居民。minorityn.少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)群體；少數(shù)，少數(shù)人（反義詞：majority）OnlyaminorityofBritishhouseholdsdonothaveacar.英國只有少數(shù)家庭沒有汽車?！就卣埂縨inoradj.輕微的；較小的；次要的Shehadaminoroperationthedaybeforeyesterday.前天她做了一次小手術(shù)。【詞塊背誦】aminorityof少數(shù)……ina/theminority占少數(shù)單句語法填空（1）Mostofthepeopleturnedtheirbacktohim.Onlya

（minor）ofpeoplegavehimahand.（2）Hebelievesthathisopponentsarein

minority.minority

a/the

8Thisethnicvariety，inturn，bringsaboutculturaldiversity.種族多元化相應(yīng)地導致文化多元化。bringabout導致；引起Hiswiseinvestmentofhiscapitalhas

broughtaboutagreatchangeinhislife.他對資本的精明投放已使他的生活發(fā)生巨變。Micro-organismsaretheagentsthatbringaboutthechemicalchange.微生物是引起化學變化的作用者?！驹~塊背誦】bringback帶回；使回憶起bringdown降低，減少；使降落

bringforward將……提前；提出bringin引入；賺得

bringout使顯現(xiàn)，使表現(xiàn)出

bringup提出；教育，養(yǎng)育【說明】“導致，引起”的多種表達：bringabout；resultin；contributeto；leadto。單句語法填空（1）HeurgedtheUnitedStatestopersistwithitseffortstobring

peace.（2）Astronautshavebrought

specimensofrockfromthemoon.（3）Thepilotmanagedtobringtheplane

safely.（4）Hewasbrought

byhisuncle.about

backdown

up

9Shouldyoufindyourselfinoneofthesesubcultures，languages，cuisine，architecture，artandmusicwilldefineyourencounter.如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身于其中一種亞文化中，那么（它的）語言、飲食、建筑、藝術(shù)和音樂會說明你邂逅的是何種文化。should用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首，省略連詞if，構(gòu)成倒裝。Shouldhecome（=Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.如果他來的話，叫他打電話給我。Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar，pickitup.如果你遇到從一輛路過的汽車里扔出來的廢紙，把它撿起來?！菊f明】在if引導的虛擬語氣句中，如果從句含有were，should或had，可將這個詞置于句首，并省略if，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Shoulditrain（=Ifitshouldrain），thecropswouldbesaved.要是下雨，莊稼就得救了。WereIinyourposition（=IfIwereinyourposition），Iwouldgo.如果我處在你的位置，我會去的。Hadyouarrivedfiveminutesearlier（=Ifyouhadarrivedfiveminutesearlier），youcouldhavemether.如果你早到五分鐘，你就能見到她了。完成句子（1）

（如果明天下雨的話），we’llhavetoputoffthematch.改為倒裝句（2）Ifyouhadworkedhard，youwouldhavefinisheditearly.→__________________________________________________

（3）IfIwereabird，Iwouldflytoyou.→

______________________________

Ifitshouldraintomorrow/Shoulditraintomorrow

Hadyouworkedhard，youwouldhavefinisheditearly.

WereIabird，Iwouldflytoyou.10...youcansamplethefoodwithatypicalFrenchflavor...……你可以品嘗具有典型法式風味的美食……samplevt.&n.（1）vt.

嘗，品嘗，體驗；抽樣檢驗Yougettosamplelotsofbakedthingshere.你可以在這兒品嘗各種烘烤糕點。TheycanlearnEnglishandsampletheBritishwayoflife.他們可以學習英語并體驗英國人的生活方式。（2）n.樣本，樣品；取樣Theyaskedmetoworkupsomesampledrawingsandbringthemdown.他們請我畫一些樣圖并帶過去?！驹~塊背誦】randomsamples隨機樣本samplerates抽樣率寫出句中sample的詞性及詞義（1）Thousandsofpeoplehavewrittentousforafreesample.

（2）IsampledthedelightsofGreekcookingforthefirsttime.

（3）Wesampledthestuffandfounditsatisfactory.

名詞，樣品動詞，品嘗動詞，抽驗11Finally，ifyouarelookingforsomethingoffthebeatentrack，youmay...最后，如果你想獨辟蹊徑的話，可以……offthebeatentrack不落俗套，打破常規(guī)；遠離鬧市，偏遠Theworkersofthefactorywentoffthebeatentrackanddesignedanew-typegrinder.該廠工人打破常規(guī)，設(shè)計了一臺新型磨床。Weboughtthisantiquechairinalittleshopthatisfaroffthebeatentrack.我們是在一家很偏僻的小店里買到這把古色古香的椅子的?！驹~塊背誦】ontheright/wrongtrack思路/做法對/不對onthetrackof追蹤；尋找；探究keep/losetrackof與……保持/失去聯(lián)系；了解/不了解……的動態(tài)單句語法填空（1）Weneedaconvincingwintoputusback

therighttrack.（2）Thisvacationspotis

thebeatentrackbecauseitisanewone.完成句子（3）Theresearchinstituteis

（正在尋找）whatcausesthearterydamage.on

offonthetrackof12Giventheseculturaldifferences，itcomesasnosurprisethatCanadahasbeencelebratingMulticulturalismDaysince2002.鑒于這些文化差異，加拿大自2002年以來就一直在慶祝多元文化日也就不足為奇了。given

prep.鑒于，考慮到［后接名詞（短語），表示原因］Giventhepresentconditions，Ithinkshe’sdoneratherwell.考慮到目前的條件，我認為她已做得相當出色?！菊f明】giventhat“考慮到，鑒于”，引導原因狀語從句。類似用法：consideringthat（考慮到），seeingthat（既然）。單句語法填空（1）

（see）thathe’sbeenoffsickallweekhe’sunlikelytocome.（2）Eventhiswasremarkable，

（consider）thatshehadhadsomanydelays.

Seeing

considering

Itcomesasnosurprisethat...……不足為奇/毫不奇怪。Itcomesasnosurprisethatmanypeoplewanttostrikeitrichbywinningthelottery.很多人都想靠中彩票發(fā)大財，這不令人意外。Itcomesasnosurprisetolearnthattheybroketheirpromises.得知他們食言并不讓人覺得意外?！驹~塊背誦】comeasnosurprise不足為奇，毫不奇怪comeasasurprise出乎意料comeasashock令人震驚完成句子AsIrelandissurroundedbywater，

（這并不奇怪）itrainsquitealot，justasinEnglandandWales.itcomesasnosurprisethat

13Fromthetoweringmountainpeakstothedepthsoftheforeststotheurbancenters...從巍峨山峰到森林深處，再到城市中心……depthn.最深處；深（度）；深刻；深厚；淵博搭配

thedepthsof……的深處adepthof……深indepth深入地，全面地 Arabbitrantothedepthsofthewoodsanddisappeared.兔子跑到樹林深處，不見了。Wewilldiscussthisquestionindepth.我們將深入討論該問題?！就卣埂浚?）deepadj.深的adv.深深地（指具體的深度）Thereisadeeppondbehindthehousewherefrogsgodeepunderthemudtohibernateinwinter.房子后面有個很深的池塘，青蛙在冬天會深入池塘的泥土中冬眠。（2）deeplyadv.深深地（抽象意義上的深度）Weweredeeplymovedbyherstory.她的故事深深地打動了我們。（3）deepenv.變深，加深Thewaterdeepenedgradually.水漸漸變深了?！緦W法點撥】“數(shù)詞+量詞+indepth/length/width/height”相當于“數(shù)詞+量詞+deep/long/wide/high”。

Thetreeis10metershigh.=Thetreeis10metersinheight.樹高10米。單句語法填空（1）Nobodyknewthe

（deep）ofherloveforthechild.（2）Theconferencestimulatedhimtostudythesubject

moredepth.（3）Whenyouarereadytofinishtheexercise，gradually

（deep）yourbreathing.（4）Beforedecoration，hemeasuredthe

（long）andwidthofthelivingroom.（5）Shewas

（deep）involvedwiththelocalhospital.（6）Thestonewasdroppedfromagreat

（high）.完成句子（7）Insearchingforoilsomewellshavebeendrilledto

(……深）morethan20，000feet.depth

in

deepen

length

deeply

heightadepthofTHEENDUNIT1WishyouwerehereSectionBGrammarandusageGrammarandusageNon-restrictiverelativeclausesFindthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticle.Theseindustries,inturn,givejobstothelocalpopulation,whosewelfaredependsontourism.Thepricesoftouristessentialsincreasetoo,whichbringsevenmorewealthtothesurroundingcommunity.Morenature-centredtouristattractions,wheremanandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyimpacted...ExploringtherulesFindthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticle.4....wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.5.Localfestivalsandcustoms,whichmayhavedeepmeaninginaparticularculture,cansimplybecomeentertainmentfortourists.Exploringtherules關(guān)系詞所指所作成分關(guān)系代詞who指人主語whom指人賓語（不能省略，不能用who替代）which指代整個主句或主句的一部分主語/賓語等whose指人或指物定語as指代整個主句或主句的一部分主語/賓語等關(guān)系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語where通常是地點名詞地點狀語Exploringtherules注意：asweallknow/asisknowntoallasisoftenthecaseaswasexpected/aswehadexpectedashasbeensaidaboveExploringtherulesInourclassthereare46students,of_____halfwearglasses.Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,_______roofwasdestroyedagaininabigfire.whomwhose=theroofofwhich=ofwhichtheroofApplyingtherulesMyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.MyfavouriteplacetovisitisalittlevillagenearShanghai,wheremygrandmawasborn.DrLuo,whoisanexpertinChinesehistory,willgiveusatourofBeijing.I’drathervisitEuropeinsummer,whentheweatherisatitsbest.I’mreadingaguidebooktoRome,whichisreallyfascinatingandhelpful.ApplyingtherulesB2:c,a,d,bGrammar定語從句

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞之間關(guān)系的密切程度，我們將定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。一限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句用來修飾和限定先行詞，與主句的關(guān)系非常密切，不用逗號和主句隔開。它說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等；如果去掉，就會影響句子意思的完整性。Adoctorisaperson

wholooksafterpeople’shealth.醫(yī)生就是負責照管人們健康的人。Thisistheschool

whereTomstudied.這就是湯姆學習過的學校。Istillrememberthetime

whenIfirsttraveledbyplane.

我仍然記得第一次坐飛機旅行的時候。Thisisthediamondring

（that/which）shereferredto.這就是她提到過的那枚鉆石戒指。二非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句，顧名思義，就是對先行詞沒有特別限制的定語從句。除了that和why不能引導非限制性定語從句之外，其他所有關(guān)系詞如who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where等均可引導。1.非限制性定語從句的特點

非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系不像限制性定語從句那樣緊密，只是對先行詞進行說明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。翻譯時常常不譯作定語，而是譯成與主句并列的句子，或者狀語從句。LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm，whichwasabouttheSecondWorldWar.昨晚我看了一部非常好的電影，是關(guān)于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的。Myparentsliveinmyhometown，whichisabout30kilometersfromhere.我的父母住在我的家鄉(xiāng)，離這里大約30千米。Milla，whoisadistantrelativeofmine，studiesatYalenow.米拉是我的一位遠房親戚，她現(xiàn)在在耶魯大學學習。Thehouse，wherethefamouswriteroncelived，hasgotalovelygarden.那棟房子有一個漂亮的花園，這位知名作家曾經(jīng)在那里住過。2.非限制性定語從句的使用情況（1）當關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時，用（which或as引導的）非限制性定語從句。Theboywasbadlyill，whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.那個男孩病得很厲害，這讓他的父母很擔心。Theheavyrainlastedforhalfamonth，whichcausedtheflood.大雨持續(xù)了半個月，引起了水災(zāi)。Thefilmisveryinstructive，asmostaudiencesay.正如大多數(shù)觀眾所說，這部電影很有教育意義。（2）當先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或?qū)Ｓ忻~時，用非限制性定語從句。Themoon，whichisabout384，400kilometersawayfromtheearth，createsmanybeautifulstories.月球，這個離地球大約384400千米遠的星球，創(chuàng)造了很多美好的故事。WeallhonorandrespectAlbertEinstein，whoisoneofthegreatestphysicistsintheworld.我們都尊敬阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦，他是世界上最偉大的物理學家之一。（3）先行詞指某人的親屬，具有唯一性和確定性時，如son，daughter，father，mother，wife等，用非限制性定語從句。Myfather，whoisanexcellentviolinist，isleavingforCanadaforperformances.我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手。他正準備去加拿大演出。【特別提示】MyeldersisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.我在上海工作的姐姐幾乎每天都給我發(fā)一封電子郵件。（除了在上海工作的姐姐外，“我”可能還有其他姐姐）Myeldersister，whoworksinShanghai，sendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.我姐姐在上海工作。她幾乎每天都給我發(fā)一封電子郵件。（“我”只有一個姐姐）（4）當引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為some/many/few/afew/little/alittle/none/much/most/halfofwhich（whom）等時，多用非限制性定語從句。Iknowthreeforeignteachers，twoofwhomarefromCanada.我認識三名外籍老師，其中兩名來自加拿大。Heearnsonly1，200yuanamonth，halfofwhichisgiventohissonatcollege.他一個月僅賺1200元，其中一半給他上大學的兒子。Thereistoomuchinformation

ontheInternet，someofwhichisunreliable.因特網(wǎng)上信息太多，其中一些不可靠。三限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

區(qū)別從句與整個句子的關(guān)系限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句逗號的運用密切；若去掉會影響句子意義的完整性松散；只是補充說明，去掉后不影響句子意義的表達that和why可用that或why引導不可用that或why引導which和who在從句中作賓語時可否省略可省略不可省略whom和who在從句中作賓語時可否用that或who替代可替代不可替代可否修飾整個句子不可可修飾整個句子，用逗號隔開，which或as引導翻譯時的區(qū)別常譯作定語常譯為并列句，或狀語從句Inourcompanytherearetwoexperts

whocomefromGermany.我們公司有兩位來自德國的專家。（還有其他不是來自德國的專家）Inourcompanytherearetwoexperts，whocomefromGermany.我們公司有兩位專家，他們都來自德國。四as與which引導的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞as與which引導的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞都可以是整個主句。但as和which具有不同的詞義和用法。1.