Unit2MoralsandVirtuesAccessingYourProgress講義高中英語人教版

知識點：什么是伴隨狀語？?伴隨狀語，它所表達(dá)的動作或狀態(tài)是伴隨著句子謂語動詞的動作而發(fā)生或存在的。伴隨狀語與謂語動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的。?我們可以根據(jù)邏輯主語來把伴隨狀語分類：1.邏輯主語和主句主語一致。動詞與邏輯主語為主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞動詞與邏輯主語為被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞。Hewentintotheroom,followedbyhisdog.他走進(jìn)了房間，后面跟著他的狗。folow和邏輯主語he的關(guān)系是被動，因此用過去分詞。Thedogwentintotheroom,followinghismaster.狗跟著他的主人走進(jìn)了房間。follow和邏輯主語thedog的關(guān)系是主動，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞2.邏輯主語和主句主語不一致。什么是邏輯主語？邏輯主語是指與動詞在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系，即語義上的施動者，代表著動作、行為的發(fā)出者的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。邏輯主語不同于語法主語。語法主語是在一個句子中，從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來看作主語的部分；而邏輯主語則是從邏輯關(guān)系上來看作主語的部分。當(dāng)兩者是主動關(guān)系時，語法主語即是邏輯主語；而當(dāng)兩者是被動關(guān)系時，語法主語則成為謂語動詞的邏輯賓語單詞解釋1.Clinic:Aclinicisasmallmedicalcenterwherepeoplegotoseeadoctorfortreatmentoradvice,especiallywhentheyaresickorinjured.2.plain:Toplainmeanstoexpressdissatisfactionorsaythatsomethingisnotright.Here,thebrotherisunhappythatgirlsarelearningalotandthinkstheyshouldjustfocusonfindingahusband.3.Majority:Majoritymeansmostofthepeopleinagroup.Inthissentence,themajorityofgirlsareexpectedtofollowthetraditionalpathofgettingmarried,butshechoosestostudymedicineinstead.4.Staff:Staffreferstothepeoplewhoworkataplace,likeahospitaloraschool.Inthiscase,thenewstaffarethenewemployeesorworkersinthehospitaldepartment.5.Response:Responsemeansthereactionorreplyfrompeople.Inthiscase,itreferstohowmostpeoplereactedtowhathappenedorwassaid.6.Harm:Harmmeansinjuryordamage.Inthissentence,itreferstosomethingbadordangeroushappeningtotheirneighbors,andthespeakerisaskingwhynooneistryingtopreventit.7.Physician:Aphysicianisadoctorwhoistrainedtotreatpeoplewhoaresick.Inthissentence,shebecamethefirstwomantoworkasadoctorintheOBGYNdepartment,whichdealswithchildbirthandwomen’shealth.動詞ed和ing解釋Theingformisusedwhenthesubjectisactivelydoingsomething(activevoice).Theedform(pastparticiple)isusedwhensomethingisbeingdonetothesubject(passivevoice).Thisdistinctioncanhelpusunderstandwhetherthesubjectofthesentenceisperformingtheactionorreceivingitandhelpusgrasptheconceptclearly.1.Jackstoodinfrontoftheclass,pletelyforgetting/forgotteneverywordthathehadpreparedforhisspeech.Analysis:“Forgetting”isthecorrectchoicebecauseitshowsJackisinthemiddleoftheaction.TheingformrepresentsthatJackisactivelyforgettingthewordswhilestandinginfrontoftheclass.2.Seeing/Seenthetennisstarleavingthecourt,thegirlquicklypickeduphercameraandranovertohim.Answer:SeeingAnalysis:“Seeing”iscorrectbecauseitindicatesthegirlherselfiswatchingthetennisstar.Theingformshowsanongoingactionthatsheisperforming.Ifweuse“seen,”itwouldimplythatsomeoneelsesawthetennisstarorthatthetennisstarhadbeenseen,whichisn’twhatthesentenceisdescribing.3.Theywereveryproudtoseetheirsonawarded/awardingtheuniversityscholarship.Analysis:“Awarded”isthecorrectformbecauseitshowsthesonreceivedthescholarship.Theedformhereispassive,meaninghewasgiventheaward.Ifweused“awarding,”itwouldmeanthesonwasgivingthescholarshiptosomeoneelse,whichisn’ttheintendedmeaning.4.Whenasking/askedabouttheirworkschedules,manypeoplepreferredmoreflexibleworkhours.Analysis:“Asked”iscorrectbecauseitshowsthatthepeoplewereinthepassivevoice:theywereaskedbysomeoneelse.Theedformindicatesthattheactionwasdonetothem(theywereasked).5.Johnwatchedthewomantalking/talkedtotheair,thinking/thoughtthatshemightbecrazy.Analysis:‘Talking”iscorrectbecausethewomanisactivelytalkingtotheair,andtheingformshowsthatsheisdoingtheaction(activevoice).“Thinking”isalsocorrectbecauseJohnisactivelythinkingaboutthesituation(heisdoingthethinking).6.Impressed/ImpressingwithherfluentEnglish,themanagerofferedJulieajobinterview.Analysis:“Impressed”istherightanswerbecauseitindicatesthemanagerwasaffectedbyJulie’sEnglish.Theedformispassive,meaningthemanagerexperiencedthefeelingofbeingimpressed.“Impressing”wouldimplyJuliewasactivelydoingsomethingtoimpressthemanager,butthefocushereisonthemanager’