Units 2-4 非謂語動詞用法（原卷版）

2/2外研版選擇性必修一Unit2單元重點語法：非謂語動詞的語法功能所能充當的成分主語表語賓語賓語補足語定語狀語V-ing形式現在分詞△△△△動名詞△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△過去分詞(done)△△△△感知語法規(guī)律1．Iofferedtopaintthehouseinexchangeforaweek'saccommodation.2．Johnisveryreliable—ifhepromisestodosomething,he'llcertainlydoit.3．Onecanalwaysmanagetodomorethings,nomatterhowtightone'sscheduleis.4．Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsideringgoingtothecitycentreforthefashionshow.5．Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview,forhecouldn'trisklosingthegoodopportunity.1．所有畫線部分都是句中的賓語。2．topaintthehouse,todosomething,todomorethings是不定式作賓語。（第1、2、3句）3．goingtothecity,losingthegoodopportunity是-ing形式作賓語。（第4、5句）動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式賓語動詞的-ing形式和動詞不定式賓語分類1：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞agree,afford,offer,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope/want/expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,aim,hesitate,seem,happen等動詞后常接動詞不定式作賓語。單句語法填空OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant________(wear)theuniform.Ididn'tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptryingit.Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offer________(collect)mailandnewspapers.動詞不定式作賓語的三種形式：(1)一般式：動詞不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的發(fā)出者時，用主動形式(todo)；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是其所表示的動作的承受者時，用被動形式(tobedone)。(2)進行式：動詞不定式的進行式(tobedoing)表示動詞不定式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，并強調動作的持續(xù)性或動作正在進行。(3)完成式：動詞不定式的完成式(tohavedone)表示動詞不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。單句語法填空Shepretended___________(listen)tothemanager,butactuallyshewasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.LookattheprideonTom'sface.Heseems________________(praise)bythemanagerjustnow.分類2：常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞（短語）appreciate,consider,delay,avoid,finish,imagine,miss,mean,resist,risk,suggest,mind,giveup,insiston,allow,feellike,escape,admit等動詞(短語)后通常接動詞-ing形式作賓語。單句語法填空WildcampingisillegalinEngland.Toavoid______________(catch),theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.Youngpeoplemayrisk________(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.分類3：既能接動詞不定式也能接動詞-ing形式且意義不同的動詞(短語)continuetodo繼續(xù)做另外一件事/continuedoing繼續(xù)做同一件事trytodo努力做某事/trydoing嘗試做某事forgettodo忘記去做某事/forgetdoing忘記做過某事remembertodo記得去做某事/rememberdoing記得做過某事regrettodo遺憾去做某事/regretdoing后悔做過某事meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味著做某事can’thelptodo不能幫忙做某事/can’thelpdoing忍不住做某事單句語法填空Istillremember________(take)totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.Pleaseremember________________(give)mybestregardstoyourfamily.分類4：動詞不定式與動詞-ing形式作賓語的其他用法在need,require,want(表“需要”)等動詞的后面可接動詞-ing形式作賓語(用主動形式表示被動含義)，也可接動詞不定式的被動式作賓語。即：need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedone外研版選擇性必修一Unit3感知語法規(guī)律1．Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.2．Cloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.3．Travelinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.4．Playingcomputergamesismyfavourite.四句中所有畫線部分均為動詞-ing形式，在句中都是作主語。動詞的-ing形式主語動詞的-ing形式主語意義及位置1.動詞-ing作主語放在句首，通常表示一般性的、習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，且作主語時謂語動詞通常用單數形式。2.it作形式主語，將真正作主語的動詞-ing或動詞不定式todo后置。It’sawasteoftimeplayingvideogameseveryday.It’sbeneficialtodosomeexerciseregularlyinthemorning.形式：肯定：主動：doing→被動：beingdone 否定：主動：notdoing→被動：notbeingdoneBeingpraisedbyhisteachersmadehimregaintheconfidence.被老師表揚使他重獲自信。Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.不給予足夠的贊揚和給予太多一樣有害。外研版選擇性必修一Unit4感知語法規(guī)律1．Mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.2．Itspurposeistoinvolvevisitorsinphysicalexerciseandathleticcompetition.3．HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.4．Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.5．He'sreallyamusingandtellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regettingbored.6．Althoughthecitieswerecrowded,thecountrywasbeautiful.1．所有畫線部分在句中都作表語；2．toprovide,toinvolve是不定式作表語；3．goingtotheTower,amusing,getting是動詞-ing作表語；4．bored,crowded是動詞-ed作表語。動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式表語動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式表語動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作表語，可以說明主語的具體內容，還可以表示目的、結果、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿等，其主語通常為aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,wish等名詞，或是what引導的名詞性從句。不定式作表語時，主語和表語有時可以交換位置，其意思不變。省略to的情況：動詞不定式作表語時，一般情況下不定式符號to不能省略，但當主語部分含有從句且從句謂語部分有實義動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式符號to可保留也可省略。Allweneedtodois(to)liveeachdaywithpassion.我們需要做的就是充滿激情地過好每一天。Don'tworry.Whatyouneedtodois(to)haveagoodsleep.別擔心，你需要做的就是好好睡一覺。單句語法填空Alwayskeepinmindthatyourmaintaskis________(get)thiscompanyrunningsmoothly.Theaimofthedesigneris________(create)solutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.動詞-ing作表語動名詞(短語)作表語：作表語的動名詞(短語)所體現的是名詞的特性，用于對主語的內容進行解釋說明，往往表示主語所具有的特征且主語和表語可以換位。WhatIamtiredofiswaitingherealone.(＝WaitingherealoneiswhatIamtiredof.)MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.(＝TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.)現在分詞(短語)作表語：作表語的現在分詞(短語)是形容詞性的，表示主語的性質或特征，主語和表語不可換位。Theresultoftheaccidentisshocking.這一事故的后果令人震驚。Theargumentisveryconvincing.這一論據很有說服力。動名詞(短語)作表語與動詞不定式(短語)作表語的區(qū)別：動名詞(短語)作表語表示一般性的動作；動詞不定式(短語)作表語表示一次具體的動作或將要發(fā)生的事。Hishobbyispainting.他的愛好是畫畫。(一般性的動作)Todaywhathewantstodois(to)paint.今天他想要做的事是畫畫。(具體的動作)Hiswishistobecomeanartist.他的愿望是成為一名藝術家。(將要發(fā)生的事)動詞-ed作表語動詞-ed可放在系動詞be,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語，往往表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或狀況。作表語的動詞-ed可用very,quite,much等修飾。Thedoorremainedlocked.門仍然鎖著。I'mveryinterestedinyourstory.我對你的故事很感興趣。某些表示情感、情緒的動詞-ed，如：terrified,surprised,astonished,excited,disappointed,moved,shocked,interested,discouraged,amused,frightened,inspired,pleased,satisfied,tired,worried等作表語時，已具有形容詞的性質，其主語通常是人。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews. 聽到這個消息他似乎很高興。Iamverypleasedwiththeresultoftheexperiment. 我對這個實驗結果很滿意。動詞-ed作表語和動詞的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：動詞-ed作表語表示的是一種狀態(tài)或情況，而被動語態(tài)表示的是一個動作，被動意味很強。Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（狀態(tài)）Theglasswasbrokenbyhim.玻璃杯被他打碎了。（動作）動詞-ed與現在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：英語中有很多與感覺有關的及物動詞，其現在分詞意為“令人……的”，多用來修飾物；其動詞-ed意為“感到……的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常見的這類詞有：exciting令人激動的 excited激動的，興奮的surprising令人吃驚的 surprised驚訝的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的encouraging振奮人心的 encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的單句語法填空Iwas________(delight)atthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobe________(satisfy)with,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.鞏固練習：單句填空A組1.TheprojectwonaprizeatChinaThinksBig,acompetition__________(hold)byHarvardandTsinghuaUniversitytoencourageteenagerstoexploreimportantglobalissuesandfocusonsolutions.2.CygnusarrivedattheInternationalSpaceStationonFebruary21,2022,________（carry）alargeloadofsuppliesandscientificexperiments.3.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace____________(sleep),IrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.4.Itdidn'ttakelongforus__________(realize)thefulldepthofhersuffering.5.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,QinShiHuanghadallthewalls_________(join)up.6.First_____________(create)bytheU.S.agriculturalistSterlingMortonin1872,Tree-plantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople'spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees.7.IwaswalkingaloneonthebeachwhenIheardsomeone___________(call)outforhelp.8._____________(build)over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillbeingusedtoday.9.Afterafewyears,thecaveswereopenedasatouristattraction,and1,200peopleperdaycametothesite__________(admire)thepaintings.10.Happinessisaflower___________(live)inthesunshine,anditisnotdifficulttoreachforit.單句填空B組1.Ifeelitourresponsibility__________(communicate)aboutthecharmoftheprimitiveinscriptionswiththeyoungergenerationsandforeigners.2.Theresearch,whichwaspublishedinthejournalScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentlastweek,isthefirststudy_____________(identify)theplasticsinthelungsoflivingpeople.3.SeniorColonelWangYaping,thefirstfemaleC