Unit 1 The mass media Grammar and usage 課件高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

GrammarandusageUnit1ThemassmediaPart01ExploringtherulesDoyouknowthesefamousphotos?TheStarvingSudan（饑餓的蘇丹）ByKevinCarterTheKissofLife（生命之吻）ByRoccoMorabitoBothofthemgotThePulitzerPrizesPulitzerPrize,anyofaseriesofannualprizesawardedbyColumbiaUniversity,NewYorkCity,foroutstandingpublicserviceandachievementinAmericanjournalism,letters,andmusic.Theprizes,originallyendowedwithagiftof$500,000fromthenewspapermagnateJosephPulitzer,arehighlyesteemedandhavebeenawardedeachMaysince1917.WhoisJosephPulitzer?

JosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthelibraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.BelowistheshortlifestoryofJosephPulitzer.Findthesentencesthatusethepastperfecttenseandfillintheboxbelow.Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.In1878,hefoundedthenewspapertheStLouisPost-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishedarticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissues,accusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebestsellingnewspaperinthecountry.Pulitzerwasthefirsttoadvocatethetrainingofjournalistsatuniversitylevel.In1892,heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Ofthisdecisionhesaid,“Iamdeeplyinterestedintheprogressandelevationofjournalism...regardingitasanobleprofessionandoneofunequaledimportanceforitsinfluenceuponthemindsandmoralsofthepeople."Pulitzerdiedin1911.Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.Sixyearsafterhisdeath,thefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisherHeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-DispatchHeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisherHeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-DispatchbeforehadPart02ThePastPerfectTense定義過去完成時(shí)主要用來表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或做的動(dòng)作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用。ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.她在來學(xué)院前已學(xué)過一些英語。Shesaidthatshehadbeenabroadfor3years.她說她在國(guó)外待了3年了。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞用法：(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示的時(shí)間是"過去的過去"，這個(gè)過去的時(shí)刻常用由until,before,by,when等引導(dǎo)的短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以通過一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作或上下文來表示。:現(xiàn)在過去過去的過去將來ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.為了使約瑟夫教授所說的成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，這個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)?？隙ㄊ綖開_________________；否定式為__________________；被動(dòng)式為__________________。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendoneShehadlearntabout500Englishwordsbeforeshewenttojuniormiddleschool.在上初中之前，她已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約500個(gè)英語單詞。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞用法：(2)表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)刻，并可能繼續(xù)下去，常同由for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的短語或從句連用。現(xiàn)在過去過去的過去將來Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor30minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在公交車站等了30分鐘公交車終于來了。Shesaidshehadmadegreatprogresssinceshecamehere.她說自從來到這兒,她已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞用法：(3)want,hope,mean,plan,intend等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖，意為"本來……"。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn'tcatchthetrain.我本希望昨晚回來的，但我沒趕上火車。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞用法：(4)常用過去完成時(shí)的固定句型:Ihadnosoonerarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.(=NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.)我剛到家就開始下雨了。①在"hardly...when..."或"nosooner...than..."句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞用法：(4)常用過去完成時(shí)的固定句型:Itwasthefirsttime(that)IhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。②在"Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)..."句型中，從句用過去完成時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較Nowwasexpected/happenedFuture雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)"過去的過去"，而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較Theyhadarrivedatthestationbyteno'clockyesterday.他們昨天十點(diǎn)之前就已經(jīng)到達(dá)車站了。Theyarrivedatthestationatteno'clockyesterday.他們昨天十點(diǎn)之前就已經(jīng)到達(dá)車站了。過去的過去

Let'sdrawamindmap.過去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成had+過去分詞用法1.表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)2.表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)刻，并可能繼續(xù)下去3.want，hope，mean，plan，intend等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖，意為"本來……"4.常用過去完成時(shí)的固定句型hardly...when...，nosooner...than...(主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí))Itwasthefirst/second/...time(that)...(從句用過去完成時(shí))與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)"過去的過去"，而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間Practice1.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshe____________(visit)thedaybefore.2.Bytheendof2020,Pruitt___________(repair)morethan140fordonationortobereturnedtotheirowners.hadvisitedhadrepaired3.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomI___________(see)foryears.hadn'tseen4.I___________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.hadhoped5.Thetwins,who___________(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.hadfinishedPart03ApplyingtherulesB1Circlethemistakesandcorrectthemintheblanksbelow.1.PulitzerknewthathehadlearnedverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.2.Pulitzerwasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhearrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10hours.3.Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeajournalistandpublisher.4.Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbeforeitsfailurein1931.hadworkedByB2BelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.ThePulitzerPrizesareasetofawardshonoringexcellenceinjournalismandthearts.TheprizeswereestablishedlargelyduetotheeffortsofJosephPulitzer.who1.___________hisreputationasanewspaperpublisher.Heleftmoneyinhis1904willtofundtheestablishmentoftheprizes,statingthathewantedfourawardsinjournalism,fourinlettersanddrama,oneforeducation,andfivetravelingscholarships.Sincethefirstprizes2.___________in1917,therehavebeenmanywinnersandsomepeoplehavewonmorethanonce.PastwinnersincludesuchfamousnamesasEugeneO'Neill.WhenO'NeillreceivedthePulitzerPrizeinDramain1957,itwasthefourthtimehe3.____________it.hadbuiltwereawardedhadwonB2BelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.Forexample,onlinecontentfromnewspaperwebsites4.______________________inallofthejournalismcategoriessince2006.ThePulitzerPrizeshavealsoexpandedtoincludesuchcategoriesasphotographyandmusic.Nevertheless,journalismisstillwhatthePulitzerPrizesarebestknownfor.Today,winningthePulitzerPrizesisconsideredbymanytobethehighestachievementpossibleinjournalism—justasPulitzer5.____________.hasbeenallowedintendedB3ZouTaofenwasafamousChinesejournalistandpublisher.Readthetimelinebelowanddescribehislifestoryusingthepastperfecttense.1895BorninFujianGraduatesfromuniversity19211922Becomesaneditor1926BecomesthechiefeditorofLifeWeeklyStartscampaigningagainsttheJapaneseinvasion19311935StartsanewjournalcalledLifeoftheMassesDiesinShanghai1944SampleanswerZouTaofenwasbornin1895,inFujian.Hegraduatedfromuniversityattheageoftwenty-six,in1921.Thenextyear,hebecameaneditor.Hehadwork