Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定語從句課件

定語從句RelativeClause什么是定語？定語就是修飾名詞或代詞的成分，作定語的除了形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語。Thisisabeautifulflower.Thisisaflowerinthegarden.Thisistheflowerwhichyougivetome.形容詞做前置定語介詞短語做后置定語定語從句做后置定語Whatisclause？什么是從句？由主語(S)+謂語(V)構(gòu)成的句子你跑。我追。你插翅難逃。Youran.Ichase.Youcan’tgetaway.Aclauseconsistsofasubjectandverbwithinasentence.Whatisrelativeclause?什么是定語從句？定語從句，或者說形容詞性從句就是從句在句子中充當(dāng)定語的作用，用來修飾前面名詞或代詞的句子。Arelativeclause,oraadjectiveclauseisatypeofclauseinasentencethatmodifiesanounorpronounintheindependentsentence.Therelativeclausesong關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whowhomwhosewhichthatwhenwherewhyThemanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.先行詞theantecedent定語從句RelativeClauseRelativepronoun(關(guān)系代詞）作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句2.代替先行詞3.在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分定語從句的構(gòu)成先行詞theantecedent定語從句RelativeClauseThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句2.代替先行詞3.在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分Relativeadverb(關(guān)系副詞）定語從句的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句名詞或代詞關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞Themanwholivesnextdoorisadentist.ThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.找到:先行詞，定語從句，關(guān)系詞極其所做成分Sheisthegirlthat/whohelpedme.Thisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisistheroomwhichhelivedinlastyear.HeisthemanwhomImetyesterday.Thisisthegirl

whoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Ilike

thebook

that/whichwerewrittenbyLuxun.指人，做主語指物，做主語指物，做賓語指人，做賓語指人，做定語指物，作定語thegirlthat/whohelpedmethat/whichwerewrittenbyLuxunthebooktheroomwhichhelivedinlastyearthemanthegirlwhomImetyesterdaywhoseparentshavegonetoBeijingthebookwhosecoverisblue1.TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfalling

apart.2.Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhis

graceful

movesandjumps.3.Themental

strengththatheshowedmadehimunique.4.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.找出下列句子中先行詞，定語從句，關(guān)系詞極其所做成分關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞

指代的先行詞在從句中所做成分that人/物主語，賓語which物主語，賓語who人主語，賓語whom人賓語whose(人/物)的定語as人/物主語，賓語，表語做賓語可以省略that?which?that

指人指物which

指物一般情況：特殊情況：有些情況只能用that,不能用which.有些情況只能用which,不能用that.

eg.Weshoulddoall

thatisusefultothepeople.1、當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,everything,nothing,all,little,few,some等_________時或者被不定代詞修飾時。2、當(dāng)先行詞是_______或_______最高級，或被其修飾時;不定代詞序數(shù)詞形容詞ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.Thisisthebestforeignfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.只用that的情況3、當(dāng)先行詞是既有_______又有_______時;4、當(dāng)先行詞被_______，_______，_______,thelast等修飾時;人物theonlytheverythesameeg：Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersons

thattheyhaveseenduringtheirlongjourney.eg:Sheistheonlygirl

thatwonthefirstprize.

只用that的情況eg:Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.1、在非限制性定語從句中；

eg：Thisisthetrainby___wewenthome.whichwhich只用which的情況2、關(guān)系詞前有介詞時；4、先行詞后面有插入語時；eg:

Whatis

that

whichthedogisrunningafter？3、先行詞本身是that；eg：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,

asI'vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.這就是我告訴過你的那本英語語法書,它能幫你提高英語。只用which的情況That'stheday

whenwefinishedthework.Thisistheschool

whereIstudiedthreeyearsago.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhysheisoftenlateforschool.找到：

先行詞，定語從句，關(guān)系詞極其所做成分指時間，作狀語指地點，做狀語指原因，做狀語thedaywhenwefinishedtheworktheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsagowhysheisoftenlateforschoolthereason關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分whenwherewhy名詞，表時間時間狀語地點狀語名詞，表地點reason，表原因原因狀語關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞when=at/in/during/on...+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.when=介詞+which時間狀語where=介詞+whichIwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasbornintheplace.Thetableisanewone.Sheissittingatthetable.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.地點狀語where=in/at/...+which原因狀語why=介詞+whichwhy做原因狀語，先行詞常是thereasonThisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hesaiditwhy=for+whichPractice1.Thisisthefactory_____________heworks.2.Istillremembertheday_____________Imether.3.Idon’tknowthereason_____________hewaslate.where(inwhich)when(onwhich)why(forwhich)Practice2.InfactTomdidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.where

B.who

C.inwhich

D.which1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose

B.who

C.whom

D.which3.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.where

B./

C.when

D.what4.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.onwhich定語從句分類定語從句TheDefiningRelativeClause限制性定語從句TheNon-DefiningRelativeClause非限制性定語從句Themanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.Mr.Brownisadentist，wholivesnextdoor.補充說明住在隔壁的男人是一個牙醫(yī)。布朗先生是個牙醫(yī)，他住在隔壁限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句修飾限定限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別23.Youareresponsible,whichmakesotherbelieveinyou.1.Mr.Brownisadentist

，wholivesnextdoor.2.WewillgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞可以是單個的___________，也可以是整個______,從句和主句用______隔開。。名詞或代詞句子逗號1.Isawtheguywhodeliversmymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedtoswim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhosedaughtergoestoHarvard.whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉，句子含義不明確無逗號與主句隔開1.Paris,

whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesameageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismyfavoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.有逗號與主句隔開若去掉，不影響句子含義限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號“，”與主句隔開用逗號“，”與主句隔開意義上起限定修飾作用，如刪除，主句則意義不完整起的補充說明，如刪除，主句意思仍然完整功能修飾先行詞修飾先行詞，整個主句或主句的一部分引導(dǎo)詞所有的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除that和why的關(guān)系詞非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whowhomwhosewhichthataswhenwherewhy非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的用法1.who,whom,whose(1)關(guān)系代詞

who,whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾人。(2)關(guān)系代詞________在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語;_______

作賓語;介詞后用_________。(3)whose作定語,先行詞是人時,whose+n.相當(dāng)于the+n.+

________。先行詞是物時,whose+n.相當(dāng)于

the+n.

+

________。ofwhomofwhichwhowhomwhom1.Sarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,

wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2.Peter,___________youmetinLondon,isnowbackin

Paris.3.Isobel,_________brotherwastrainingforthematch,had

heardthejokebefore.4.Thebooksonthedesk,_______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.whowho/whomwhosewhose

thecoversofwhich1.who,whom,whose2.when,where

(1)

關(guān)系副詞

when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,指

代主句中表示________的詞語。(2)關(guān)系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,

指代

主句中表示________的詞語。(3)when/where有時可以換成“介詞+which”。(4)不能用why

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,要用___________

代替。時間地點forwhich

1.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.2.We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,

________theweathermaybebetter.3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,__________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.IleftonSunday,_______________everyonewasathome.5.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.where

whenwhen/onwhichwhere

forwhich2.when,where

3.as,which區(qū)別

aswhich指代引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個主句的內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)的從句既可指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，又可指代主句的某一名詞或代詞位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意義“正如，就像…”“這，那”功能起連接上下文的作用，表達(dá)說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等引導(dǎo)的從句，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個并列句Asthesayinggoes,…Asweallknow,…/Asisknowntoall,…Asisreported,…Asismentionedabove,…Asisexpected,...Asisoftenthecase,…正如諺語所說...正如大家所知道....正如被報導(dǎo)的是...正如上面提到的是...正如所預(yù)料的那樣...情況經(jīng)常是這樣...在下列固定搭配之中，意為“正如”①正如大家所看到的那樣，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghard，____everyonecansee.②這本書很有教育意義，是我昨天買的。Thebook，______I

boughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.③她的誠實是大家有目共睹的。______everyonecansee,sheishonest.=Sheishonest，_______everyonecansee.④眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。______weallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.⑤湯姆突然病倒了，這讓我們很傷心。Tomsuddenlyfellill，_______madeusverysad.aswhichAsasAswhichas?which?1.Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.(Para.1,P2)2.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.(Para.2,P2)3.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.(Para.3,P3)找出下列句子的定語從句，說明它們的作