湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市零診暨高三摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（原卷版）

2025屆湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市零診暨畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試題總分：150分注意事項(xiàng)1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、班級(jí)、學(xué)校在答題卡上填寫清楚。2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試卷上作答無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABeautifulGuatemalaisalandrichindiversityandculturalheritage.Whetheryouhopetosummitavolcano,hikethroughthejungleorexploreancientruins,Guatemalawillnotdisappoint.TikalNationalParkTikalNationalParkisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandoneofthemostfamousplacesinGuatemala.Tikalcoversanestimated46miles(around74km)andisoneofthemostextraordinaryarchaeologicalsitesinCentralAmerica.Itishere,centuriesago,thattheancientMayancivilisationboomed.Chichicastenango“Chichi,”asit’sknownbythelocalKichepopulation,hoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.ThetownesaliveonThursdaysandSundayswhenvendors(小販)efromsurroundingareastodisplaytheirgoods.Themarketburstswithvariedcoloursandalivelyatmosphere,stockingeverythingfromvividlycoloredclothtotraditionalcarvedwoodenmasks.GuatemalaCityBrightlygraffitied(涂鴉)wallslinethebusystreetsinGuatemalaCitywhereyou’llfindtrendystores,relaxingbars,anddiverseartgalleries.MakesuretocheckoutLaEsquina,anindoorfoodmarketwithsomeofthebestfoodstallsinthecity.TheMuseoPopolVuhisaleadingmuseumintheworldofMayanart.HereyouwillbeabletospendacoupleofhoursappreciatingtheincredibleandprehensivecollectionofMayanaswellascolonialart.AcatenangoVolcanoVolcanoAcatenangotowersalmost4,000metresabovethesurroundinglandscapejustoutsideAntigua.Thehiketothesummitofthisvolcanoisoneofthetoughest,yetmostpopular,inGuatemala.Notonlywillyougettoappreciatethebreathtakingviews,butyouwillalsohaveabird’seyeviewofthenearby(andextremelyactive)VolcanFuego.1.What’sthebestchoiceforsomeoneinterestedinMayanhistory?A.TikalNationalPark. B.Chichicastenango.C.GuatemalaCity. D.AcatenangoVolcano.2.WhatdoweknowaboutGuatemalaCity?A.IthoststhelargestmarketinCentralAmerica.BItisaperfectdestinationforartlovers.C.Youcanbuyvividclothandmasksthere.D.MuseoPopolVuhisagreatfoodmarket.3.WhatisspecialaboutAcatenangoVolcano?A.AbirdviewofGuatemalaCity.B.ThehighesttowerinGuatemala.C.Thehiketothevolcanosummit.D.Itisanextremelyactivevolcano.BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichismittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.4.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher.B.Herdiseasedidn’tbeeworse.C.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.D.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill.5.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts.B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.DByriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecouple’santicipation. B.Thepublicinvolvement.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Influentialandunderstanding. B.Humorousandelegant.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghighqualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspentonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clearup. B.Addon. C.Checkin. D.Takeover.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Remendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.DInmanylanguages,thewordfor“mother/mom”takesanmsound.Isthereanyreasonforsuchnearuniversality?Linguists(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)generallyarguefor“thearbitrarinessofthesign”:noconnectionexistsbetweentheworddogandthefurryquadruped.Arareexceptionisonomatopoeia,wherewordsrepresentingthebarkofadog(bowwow)andthebuzzmadebyabeearemoreorlesssimilartothesound.Yetmostthingsarenotsubjecttonamingthisway.Whataboutmama?Itdoesnotsoundlikeamother,butthefactisthatsomesoundsaremorewidespreadthanothersaroundtheworld.Therearemanydozensofobservedconsonantswhicharerareandhardfornonnativestolearn.Incontrast,afew—suchasb,m,p,t,dandk—showupfarmorefrequently,innearlyeveryspokenlanguageintheworld.Thatisalmostcertainlybecausetheyareeasytomake.Ababyvocalisingwill,atfirst,makeavowellikesound,usuallysomethinglike“ah”,whichrequireslittleinthewayofcontroloverthemouth.Iftheybrieflyclosetheirmouthandcontinuevocalising,airwilleoutoftheirnose,thusmakingthemsoundthatisusedin“mother”aroundtheworld.Thoughthe“mamas”bearthemostobvioussimilarity,the“papas”havestrikingmonalities,too.Babiescaneasilystoptheirbreathwhentheyclosetheirlips(ratherthangoingonbreathingthroughthenose).Thisproducesaborapsound.Itissurelyforthisreasonthatsomanynamesfor“father”usetheseconsonants:papainEnglish,abbinArabicandbabainMandarin.Tanddsoundsaresimilarlybasic,involvingasimpletapofthetongueagainsttheteeth:hencedaddy,tatay(Tagalog)ortayta(Quechua).Fatherandmotherare,therefore,anoddity.Fisnotespeciallyeasytoutter(發(fā)音);thsoundsareevenharder.English,GreekandSpanishareunusualinhavingthem.EvenAnglophonechildrenmaystrugglewiththsoundswhentheyarefive,orolderstillinmanycases.Anyway,itishardtofindlinguisticuniversalsamidtheworld’sdazzlingvariety.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quadruped”inParagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Pronunciation B.Sound C.Bee D.Animal13.“Mamas”and“papas”areusedsouniversallybecause________.A.thesoundsofthetwowordssoundalikeB.airwilleoutofbaby’smouthdirectlyC.thesoundscanbeeasilyandnaturallyutteredD.babiescancontinuetheirbreathwhenclosingtheirlips14.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsmightbethemostdifficulttoarticulate?A.Forthing. B.Programme. C.Magnificent. D.Magazine.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Inspirationfrombabies’smileandtalks.B.Linguists’effortstotheresearchofsounds.C.Connectionbetweenthewordmumanddad.D.Reasonsforsimilarsoundsinunrelatedlanguages.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。AEuropeanstreettodaymaysmelllikecoffee,freshbakedbreadandcigarettes.___16___?HistoriansandscientistsacrossEuropehavenowgottentogetherwithperfumers(香水制造者)andmuseumsforauniqueprojectcalled“Odeuropa”—tocapturewhatEuropesmelledlikebetweenthe16thandearly20thcenturies.Tosuccessfullyfinishthisthreeyearlongproject,theresearchersneedtofindalltheoldscentsofEuropeandevenrecreatesomeofthisancientsmellscape.Todothis,theywillfirstbuildartificialintelligencethatwillbetrainedtoscanhistoricaltexts,writteninsevendifferentlanguages,foranydescriptionsofsmells.___17___.The“Encyclopedia(百科全書)ofSmellHeritage”willincludethemeaningofcertainscentsandwilltracethestoriesbehindscents,placesandolfactory(嗅覺的)practices.___18___,enablingfuturegenerationstoaccessandlearnaboutthescentedpast.___19___,suchasdoctors.Inthepast,herbswereoftenusedbyEuropeandoctorstohealthesick.Theysmellspecialandtheirscentsshouldbeincludedintheencyclopedia.Butjustashistoryisfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmells,it’salsofilledwithstinky(非常難聞的)ones.“Ifinditparticularlyinterestingtomaketheaudienceknowaboutawholerangeofscentssuchasastinkycanal,”saidCaroVerbeek,ascenthistorianandmemberoftheOdeuropateam.“Itwillmakeusmoreawareofhowwerelatetosmelltodayandhowdifferentlysmellswereappreciatedinthepast.Withcurrenttechnology,almosteveryscentcanbeproduced.___20___.Peoplehaven’talwaystalkedorwrittenaboutthem.”A.ItexpressedalongingforthecountrysidelifeB.ButwhatdiditsmelllikehundredsofyearsagoC.WhyisitfilledwithinterestingandpleasantsmellsD.ItwillbeearecordforthesmellheritageofEuropeE.ThemoredifficultpartoftheprojectwillbetofinddescriptionsofscentsF.TheencyclopediawillalsoincludedescriptionsofpeopleforwhomsmellwasimportantG.TheteamwillthenusetheinformationtocreateanencyclopediaofsmellsfromEurope’spast第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。HaveyoueverheardofandseenCanadiangeese?Doyouknowthatthey___21___freshgrassandseeds?Canadiangeesehaveagood___22___fortheirpoliteness.Theyalwaysbowdowntoyouwheneveryouwalkby.However,Ihaverecentlyfoundthattheycansometimesbe___23___totheirpeers,especiallyonoccasionswhentheyquarrelforfood——yes,these___24___gentlemendoquarrel,justforsomethingtoeatYesterdayIwitnessedtwoCanadianGeesearguing___25___foraclump(草叢)ofbeautifulfreshgrass.Theclumpwas___26___rightinthemiddleofthem,whilethetwowereshoutingnoisily,stretchingtheirnecksaslongastheycouldtolookaggressivelyateachother.It’s___27___towitnessthe“impolite”sideofCanadiangeese.Hence,Icouldn’thelp___28___mymorningwalk,standingstilltowatchthese“gentlemen”quarreling.Interestingly,afterashortwhile,atruckroaredpasttheirfeast,disturbingtheir___29___conversation.Thetwogeesewereequally___30___bythemassive“monster”,thusgivinguptheirconversation.Wouldtheystartquarrelingagain?Istoodstill,___31___theridiculousquestionandwaited.Beyondmyexpectation,rightafterthetruck’spassingby,thetwogeeseimmediatelylosttheir___32___forquarrelingasiftheyhadforgottenallaboutwhathadhappened.Eventhetwoturnedaroundandleftthe___33___inoppositedirectionsasifnothinghadhappened.Theyleftonlymethere,imaginingwhatmighthavehappenedwithoutthe___34___.Theygotalongharmoniouslyagain.Sometimesit’snotthatbadtobe___35___.21A.drawon B.focuson C.feedon D.tryon22.A.desire B.reputation C.affection D.appetite23.A.generous B.faithful C.weird D.rude24.A.wellinformed B.welldressed C.wellbehaved D.wellbalanced25.A.fiercely B.blindly C.cautiously D.gently26.A.deserted B.located C.fixed D.laid27.A.frequent B.rare C.mon D.constant28.A.restricting B.changing C.pausing D.speeding29.A.desperate B.simple C.serious D.disharmonious30.A.frightened B.annoyed C.crashed D.injured31.A.findingout B.dealingwith C.lookinginto D.wonderingabout32A.passion B.reason C.talent D.anxiety33.A.scene B.destination C.landscape D.park34.A.lookeron B.passerby C.truck D.clump35.A.upset B.forgetful C.mean D.greedy第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Despitestrictlawsandheavyfines,trafficinGreecestillremainsdangerous.Thisisparticularlythecaseinlargecities____36____trafficisgreatlyaffectedbymanyfactors.HereissomeadvicefordriversinGreece.Roadplanningis____37____(enormous)plex(復(fù)雜的)inlargeGreekcities.Therearemanydangerousjunctions(交叉路口).Athensisknown____38____themostdifficultcityfordrivers.Itishardtofindtherightway,sonewdriversmayeasilyget____39____(confuse)there.Inmanylargecities,driverscanfeelthelackofusualroadsigns.Suchsignsas“windingroad”arequiterare.When____40____(approach)acrossroads,driversshouldalwaysslowdown.Crossroads____41____(equip)withtrafficlightsareanotherdangerousplace.Donotstartmovingimmediatelyafterthegreenlightappears.Parkingspaceshouldbeselectedwith____42____(careful).Driversshouldalsoconsiderthatparking____43____(prevent)inthecentralpartofsomelargecities.Roadsinthecountryarethemostterribleroadsforforeigndrivers.Inspiteofthespeedlimitof80km/h,localdriversrarelymoveat____44____speedbelow120km/h.Whilemoving,driversarenotallowed_____45_____(speak)onthephoneastheyneedtomonitortrafficandotherdrivers.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，近日參加了學(xué)校的創(chuàng)意手工作品展，外籍筆友David對(duì)你的作品很感興趣。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)給他寫封郵件，介紹你的作品及感受。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearDavid,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ImetGunteronacold,wetandunforgettableeveninginSeptember.IhadplannedtoflytoViennaandtakeabustoPragueforaconference.Duetoabigstorm,myflighthadbeendelayedbyanhourandahalf.ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedepartureofthelastbustoPrague.ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedintothefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.ThatwaswhenImetGunter.ItoldhimwhereIwasgoing,buthesaidhehadn'theardofthebusstation.Ithoughtmypronunciationwastheproblem,soIexplainedagainmoreslowly,buthestilllookedconfused.WhenIwasabouttogiveup,Gunterfishedouthislittlephoneandrangupafriend.Aftera