新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向23 閱讀理解之推理判斷題(原卷版)

考向23閱讀理解之推理判斷題推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。提問整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時(shí)，問句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推斷，暗指)等詞。對(duì)付這類題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測和推論。關(guān)鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容；明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及其寫作該文的目的；分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息；注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義；最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。這種問題的提問方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性問題時(shí)，一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，則常常要縱覽全篇文章。推理判斷題常見有以下形式：1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā)，抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。【典例示例】（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷，B）ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.【語篇解讀】本文屬于記敘文，講述ThomasWhaley為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)英語以及樹立信心專門開展了一個(gè)演講課程。26.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.以及最后一段“boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”可知，這個(gè)課程不僅僅教孩子閱讀以及公共演講，還要讓孩子學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，而夸耀自己對(duì)于那些進(jìn)入教室沒有信心的學(xué)生來說很困難，故可知，Whaley老師這么做是為了幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)自己的優(yōu)勢增加信心，故選A。27.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和最后一段Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves可知，當(dāng)他有一天問學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)請(qǐng)舉手的時(shí)候，想到了一個(gè)想法，這個(gè)課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹立自己的信心，故可以看出這位老師很關(guān)心學(xué)生的成長。humorous幽默的，ambitious有雄心壯志的；caring關(guān)心的；demanding要求高的。故選C。2．因果推斷題要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果。考生要準(zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系信息，根據(jù)已有信息，進(jìn)行分析判斷推理，從而推出最符合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果?！镜淅纠浚?019·全國卷III，C）Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter’sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic’sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher. B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders. D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess. B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor. D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章敘述了“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生歷史。29.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到“便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以買的到報(bào)紙。結(jié)合第三段中間的“streetssalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplacedineasterncities”可知，報(bào)紙的街頭銷售隨處可見。由此可推斷出，街頭銷售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了。分析選項(xiàng)可知C符合題，故選C。31.A【解析】推理判斷題。第二段“Thetrend,then,was‘pennypaper’”及最后一段“Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor‘themanonthestreet’didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.”可知，“便士報(bào)紙”新趨勢一開始并不好，一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。已經(jīng)進(jìn)入商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的成功的出版商，并不想改變這一傳統(tǒng)。后來一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。由此可推斷出“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過程。分析選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。3．人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞?！镜淅纠縋arentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere’snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenager(十幾歲的孩子)problem.Whateveryoudoorhoweveryouchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,reasonableandhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.I’veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.IsawhimlastweekwhenIcalledround.Sprawlinghimself(懶散地躺)onthesofainfulllength,hemadenoattempttoturnofftheloudTVhewaswatchingasIwalkedin,andhisgreetingwasnomorethanaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.“Idon’tknowwhattodowithhimthesedays,”shesaid.“He’sforgottenallthemannerswetaughthim.”Hehasn’tforgottenthem.He’sjustdecidedthathe’snotgoingtousethem.Sheconfessed(坦白)thatshewouldliketocomeupbehindhimandthrowhimdownfromthesofaontothefloor.Anothergoodfriendofminelethertwodaughtersclimballoverthefurniture,reachacrossthetable,stareatmeandsay,“Idon’tlikeyourdress;it’sugly.”O(jiān)neofthedaughtershasrecentlybeendrivenoutofschool.Theotherhaslefthome.“Wheredidwegowrong?”herparentsarenowverysad.Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.1.Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas______.A.lazy B.quiet C.unusual D.rude2.Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters______.A.paynoattentiontothem B.aretoobusytolookafterthemC.havecometohatethem D.feelhelplesstodomuchaboutthem3.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?A.Parentshavenochoicebuttotrytoacceptit.B.Parentsshouldpaystillsoreattentiontothechange.C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.【答案與解析】1.D此題屬于對(duì)人物性格的推斷，根據(jù)文中第二段“Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshakehandslikeagentleman.”以及其后的細(xì)節(jié)描述和該段最后一句話可知，以為嚴(yán)厲的母親想把她的孩子培養(yǎng)成紳士，但是她的孩子后來對(duì)客人的表現(xiàn)卻是不禮貌。2.D此題屬于對(duì)“人物心情處境的推斷”。根據(jù)最后一段，“‘Wheredidwegowrong?’herparentsarenowverysad.”一句可推測這兩位父母對(duì)他們學(xué)壞的女兒無可奈何，因此正確答案為D。3.A此題屬于“對(duì)態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的推斷”，文中第一句話“Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere’snotalottheycandoaboutit.”就表明了作者的觀點(diǎn)，父母不應(yīng)當(dāng)總是為此事而責(zé)怪自己。應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施面對(duì)這個(gè)事情。然后最后又用了“Probablynowheremuch.Atleast,nomorethantherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.”做總結(jié)，表明父母們不得不接受這個(gè)不好的事實(shí)。4．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫、議論、說明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量?！镜淅纠縃aveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.…1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird’sstory.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥兒和人類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。5．文章結(jié)論推斷題由具體到一般，對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱為結(jié)論?！镜淅纠浚?019·北京卷，D）Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們在海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響。氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長。45.C【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長”?？芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜?duì)海洋的影響。故選C。6.寫作目的推斷題這類題的題干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。與寫作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章如下：（1）toentertainreaders(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)：常見于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。（2）topersuadereaders(說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)：多見于新聞報(bào)道類、科普類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，以及勸告性或建議性文章。（3）開頭提出問題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。簡介相關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。列舉具體事例——說明文段的主題【典例示例】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem【檢測訓(xùn)練】1FamousAmericanpoetRobertFrostoncesaid,“Poetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.”Althoughitisnotimpossibletotranslatepoetry,XuYuanchong,awell-knownChinesetranslator,hasstriventoconveythebeautyofancientChinesepoetrythroughouthislife.HisteacherQianZhongshucommentedonhispoetrytranslation,“Youaredancingwhilechainedbyrhyme(押韻)andrhythm,butthedanceshowsamazingfreedomandbeauty,whichisquiteextraordinary.”Xuhasjustturned100yearsold.OnApril1,ChinaTranslationandPublishingHousepublishedaseriesofcommemorative(紀(jì)念的)booksabouthislifeandcareertopaytributetothiscentenarian.Since1978,Xuhaspublishedmorethan100translatednovels,anthologies(選集)andplaysinChinese,EnglishandFrench,reachingpotentiallymillionsofreadersathomeandabroad.Mostnotably,hetranslatedChinesepoemsintorhymedversesinbothEnglishandFrench.HeisalsothefirstAsianwinnerofthe“AuroraBorealisPrize”forOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiterature.Xuisknowntobeveryfastidiousinhiswork.Hehasdedicatedhislifeto“[translating]beautifully”.Forhim,Englishisa“scientific”languagethatdemandsaccuracy,whileChineseisan“artistic”languagethatincludesawiderrangeofcontent.Followingthisprinciple,Xunotonlykeepsfaithfulnessinsensebutbeautyinsensibilityinhistranslation.ThroughXu’stranslations,time-honoredChinesewisdomhasmadeanimpactonWesternsocietiesandtheworldatlarge.Forinstance,whenformerUSpresidentBarackObamatriedtobeginacontroversialhealthcarereformduringhispresidency,somesenators(參議員)wereopposedatfirst.ButafterreadingthepoemtitledFishinginSnow(《江雪》)translatedbyXu,onesenatorwassoimpressedwiththefisherman’sindependent,non-conformist(不墨守成規(guī)的)thinkingthathechosetopartwiththepartylinetosupportObama,notedNewsChina.Havingmadesuchgreatachievements,the100-year-oldremainsdiligent.HelivesaloneinanoldhousenearPekingUniversity.Inhissimpleroom,decoratedwithChinesetraditionalfurniture,hemaintainsaroutine.Everydayhetranslatesroughly1,000words,workingtill3to4am,sleepingabout3hoursandgettingupat6amtocontinue.“Translationisameansofcommunicatingwiththewriter’ssoul.Asuddenflicker(閃現(xiàn))of[a]goodwordor[a]goodlinethrillseverypore(毛孔)andeveryinchofmyskin,”XutoldNewsChina.1.WhatdoesthearticletellusaboutXuYuanchong?A.He’sthefirstwinnerofTheAuroraBorealisPrize.B.Hehastranslatedabout100ChineseliteraryworksintoEnglish.C.Heiswidelyknownforhistranslatedrhymedverse.D.Hehasmasteredatleastthreeforeignlanguages.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fastidious”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Particular. B.Satisfied. C.Inventive. D.Productive.3.WhywasBarackObamamentionedinthearticle?A.ToshowXu’spopularity.B.ToillustrateXu’simpact.C.Tointroducehisreform.D.TostressXu’swisdom.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXu?A.Modestandinsightful.B.Considerateandcautious.C.Creativeandopen-minded.D.Dedicatedandpassionate.2Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasveryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincludedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt’sfortunateproperties.Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLastSupper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.5.Spillingsaltwasprobablythoughttobringbadluckbecause________.A.itwasaChristianfaith B.saltwaslinkedwithmisfortuneC.itwoulddecreaseone’slifespan D.saltwasalwaysexpensivethangold6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preservative”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Protector. B.Flavor. C.Medium. D.Solution.7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducethehistoryofsalt. B.Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.C.Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt. D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.3InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence（SETI）Institutehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttocommunicatewithremotecivilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile（脆弱的）placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject”-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextracts（精華）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aninitialcompositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnocompositionundertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeotherrecordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,“Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposersofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower.”Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.8.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.B.Toscanforotherliveableplanets.C.Torespondtothecalloftheuniverse.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.9.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject”?A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encompass"inParagraph3mean?A.Include. B.Appreciate.C.Workout. D.Relateto.11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.4SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwolargemetalcans.ShefollowedWeilunwithapail(桶)ofclothes,watchinghimcarrythetwocanseffortlessly.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun’ssmallframe.Sora’sfatherhadsenthertothevillagetolearnaboutrurallife.Sorahadneveroncedoneanyhouseholdchoresbackhome.Shedidnotunderstandwhyherfatherwouldalwayschant“Whereisyourwillingnesstolearn?”wheneversheaskedhimifshecouldstayhomefortheholidays.Herfatherhadgivenherachecklistonthelifeskillsthatsheneededtolearn,oneofwhichwastowashclothes.Sherecalledwashingatableclothafteranartlessoninschool.Thatwasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSorarefusedWeilun’soffertohelp.Weilunthenwenttofillthelargecanswithwateratthefarendoftheriver.Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelastpieceofclothingbackinthepail.Sorareleasedhergraspofthepailinshock.Thenshewasrelaxedtofinditwasaimingforawormnearher.Buttheclothesweredriftingintheriver.WeilunimmediatelycametohelpandSorashiftedtheblametothebird.Hepointedatthedetergentfoam(洗滌劑泡沫)onthesurfaceoftheriver.“Don’ttellmeyourinsed(漂洗)thedetergentfromtheclothesintheriver.Don’tyouknowthatitmaykilltherivercreatures?Youcausedtheproblem,notthebird!”Soralookeddowninshame.“Youthinkthatyouknoweverything,butyouactuallydon’t.”SoraclosedhereyestoletWeilun’swordssinkinforamoment.Shefinallyunderstoodthemeaningbehindherfather’schants.ShewalkedtowardsWeilunandwhispered,“Couldyouteachmeallthelifeskillsthatmyfatherhadplannedformetolearn?”12.WhywasSoraamazed?A.Weilunwastoosmallinsizeforthetwolargecans.B.Weilunwaswillingtohelphisparentsdosomechores.C.Weilunmanagedtocarrythetwolargecanseasily.D.Weilunwaswillingtoaccompanyhertotheriverside.13.WhydidSorarefuseWeilun’soffertohelpwashtheclothes?A.Shethoughtitwasaneasytask.B.Shehadlearnedhowtodoit.C.Shewantedherfathertobeproudofher.D.Shewantedtolearnnewthingsbyherself.14.WhathappenedwhenSorafoundthebirdflewtowardsher?A.Thebirdwasdivingforfood.B.Thebirdwasattackingher.C.Sorawasrinsingthedetergentinthepail.D.Sorawasshockedtofindaworminthepail.15.WhatdoyouthinkSora“finallyunderstood”?A.Shewasn’tcapableoflivingonherown.B.Shereallylackedthewillingnesstolearn.C.Lifeskillscouldbelearnedinthecountry.D.HerfatherwantedhertolearnfromWeilun.5Flocksofhundredsofregenthoneyeaters（王吸蜜鳥）couldoncebespottedalloversouth-easternAustraliaonaregularbasis,buttodaythespeciesiscriticallyendangered,withonly300believedtoexistintheentireworld.Theywerealsoknownforthecomplexityoftheirmatingsongs,butastheirnumbersstarteddeclining,scientistsstartednoticingmaleregenthoneyeatersdidn’tevensoundliketheirspeciesanymore.Today,thereisenoughevidencethatregenthoneyeatershaveforgottenhowtosing,whichcouldcausetheentirespeciestogoextinct.Atonepoint,Australianscientistsnoticedthatmaleregenthoneyeaterswereimitating（模仿）thesongsofotherbirdspecies.Someexpertsbelievedthattheimitationwasapurposefulstrategytoavoidattacksfromtheirenemies.However,arecentstudyshowedotherwise.Youngregenthoneyeaterslearntheirsongsfromadultmembersoftheirspecies,justlikehumanchildrenlearntospeak,butbecausetheyarespreadsothinintheirhabitat-theycouldoccupyprobably10timesthesizeoftheUKbutarereallysmallinquantity-manymalesdon’tgettolistentotherightsongs,sotheystartadoptingthetunesofotherbirdspecies.Theproblemisthatthesearen’tthesongsfemaleregenthoneyeaterswanttohear,sotheirchancesoffindingamateareveryslim.Scientistsarenowplanningtocatchwildmalesthatcansingandputthemnexttocagedregenthoneyeaterssothattheyoungbirdscanlearntherightsong.Theythenplantoreleasethemintothewildeveryfewyears,wheretheywillhopefullybeabletoattractfemalesandreprod