《英語(一)、(二)》語法要點

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載《英語（一）、（二）》語法要點1．16種動詞時態(tài)形式（以work為例）：補充：1）（現(xiàn)在）將來時間表達(dá)法：a)will/shall+動詞原形b)am/is/aregoingto+動詞原形c)am/is/areaboutto+動詞原形d)am/is/areto+動詞原形e)一般現(xiàn)在時f)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時的兩種用法：a)已完成用法：短暫動詞：不可與“for（+一段時間）”或“since（+時間點）”連用：可用結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since+主語+did短暫動詞如:enter,join,open,close,comeback,go,die,finish,stop,begin,end,ect.b)未完成用法：延續(xù)性動詞；可與“for（+一段時間）”或“since（+時間點）”連用延續(xù)性動詞如：live,study,work,etc.2．被動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞，時態(tài)由be體現(xiàn)，例如：1)Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.2)Theclassroomwascleanedyesterday.3)Theclassroomwasbeencleanednow.4)Theclassroomwillbecleanedtomorrow.5)Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.6)Theclassroommustbecleanednow.3．12類型的虛擬語氣：1）非真實條件句：A．If+主語+haddone…,主語+would（或could,might）havedone…（過去）B．If+主語+did(were)…,主語+would（或could,might）do…（現(xiàn)在）weretodoC．If+主語+did(were)…，主語+would（或could,might）do…（未來）shoulddo例如：Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.IfItherewerenowaterontheearth,therewouldbenolifeweretorainIfitrainedtomorrow,wewouldcalloffourplan.Shouldrain注意：主語+虛擬語氣（1）If主語+shoulddo…主語+陳述語氣祈使句Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldcalloffourplan.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewillcalloffourplan.Ifsomeoneshouldcometoseeme,tellhimtowaitamoment.（2）含蓄條件句/隱含條件句：without,butfor,butthat,but,otherwiseWithouryourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.→Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.→Butthatyouhelpedme,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusyyesterday.→IwouldhavecometoseeyouifIhadn’tbeenbusyyesterday.Iwastoobusyyesterday;otherwise,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.→IfIhadn’tbeenbusyyesterday,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.（3）錯綜型/混合型：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroblenow.（4）倒裝：Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,…→Hadyoubeenhereyesterday,…IfIwereyou,…→WereIyou,…Ifitweretoraintomorrow,…→Wereittoraintomorrow,…Haddone（先時性）2）wish+that+主語+did(were)（同時性）would/coulddo（未來）Itiswishedthat…Mywishisthat…Mywishthat…h(huán)ascometrue.例如：IwishthatIhadn'saidthattohim.Iwishthatlwereasyoungasyou.Iwishthatitwouldn'tbesohottomorrow.Iwishthatyoucouldstayhere.Haddone（先時性）3)asif/though+主語+did(were)/weredoing（同時性）would/coulddo（未來）例如:HetalksaboutParisasifhehadbeenthere.Idon'tlike,thatguy;becausehealwaystalksashekneweverything.Itlooksasifhewereanactor.Itlooksasifhewereconsideringaproblem.Itlooksasifitwouldn'train.haddone（過去）4）Ifonly+主語+did(were)（現(xiàn)在）would/coulddo（未來）例如:Ifonlyyouhadbeenhereyesterday.Ifonlyhewereherenow.Ifonlyitwouldbecooltomorrow.Ifonlyyoucouldstayhere.5）動詞suggest,bropose,move（動議），recommend,urge,askreauire,request,demand.insist,advise,order,command,decide,vote.prefer等+that+主語+(should)do…Itissuggestedthat+主語+(should)do...Mysuggestionisthat+主語+(should)do...Thesuggestionthat+主語+(should)do...hasbeenadopted.例如：Theyproposedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextweek.Itwasproposedthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextweek.Theirproposalwasthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextweek.Theirproposalthatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtillnextweekisreasonal.HeinsistedthatI_______wrong.A.amB.wasC.beD.were(答案:B)（該句不可用虛擬語氣，因為insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為”）6）形容詞important,neccssary,essential,imperative,advisable,natural,desirable用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：Itisimportantthat+主語+(should)do...例如：Itisnecessarythatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.7）Itis(about/high)timethat+主語+did(were)…例如:Itistimethatyouwenthome.Itistimethatthefenceweremended.8)lest,incase,forfearthat(以防、以免、免得)+主語+shoulddo...例如：Takeanumbrellawithyoulestitshouldrain.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain/willrain.9)fear,beafraid,dreah,worry+lest+主語+shoulddo...比較：fear.beafraid.dread.worry+that+主語+陳述語氣例如：Thechildisafraidthattheteacherwillcriticizehim.Thechildisafraidlesttheteachershouldcriticizehim.10）wouldratherwouldsoonerhaddone（過去）+that+主語+wouldassoondid（現(xiàn)在或未來）wouldprefer例如：Iwouldratheryouhadn'tsaidthattohim.Iwouldratheryoudidn'tmentionittohim.IwouldratherIworkedinthesamecityasyou.11)shouldhavedone(本應(yīng)該)shouldn'thavedone(本不該)例如：Youshouldhaveaskedmeforpermissionbeforeyouleft.Youshouldn'thavetalkedtoyourratherlikethat.12)Itis+strange/surprising/incredible/unbelievable/inconceivable/ridiculousthat+主語+shouldhavedone/shoulddo例如：Itisunbelievablethatheshouldhavehadthreeaccidentsinthepastweek.4．11個動詞+賓語+不定式補語，to必須省略：see,lookat,watch,observe,notice；hear,listento；let,have；make；feel注意：被動語態(tài)的時候仍然保留to。11組動詞后接todo還是doing之區(qū)別：1）decide，plan，desire，expect，hope，wish，pretend,promise，refuse．a(chǎn)fford,agree，ask,fail．tend，prepare，manage，intend，offer,happen，chance，learn等十todo作賓語。2）finish，mind，suggest，enjoy,giveup，can'thelp，avoid，escape，consider，delay，putoff,postpone，admit，deny,practise／practice，excuse，fancy,imagine,keep，miss，risk,appreciate,include,involve等十doing作賓語。todo（do表示的動作沒有發(fā)生）3）forget,remember,regret+doing/havingdone（do表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）todo（具體行為）4）hate，like,dislike，love，prefer,favor+doing（一貫行為）todo（盡力、努力做某事）5）try+doing（試試做某事）todo（停下來去做某事）6）stop+doing（停止做某事）todo（想、打算做某事）7）mean+doing（意味著）doing8）want,need,require+（兩個結(jié)構(gòu)意思想同：…需要被做）tobedonetodo（繼續(xù)做另一件事情）9）continue,goon+doing（繼續(xù)做同一件事情）todo10）begin,start+（通常todo與doing可替換使用，無區(qū)別）doing但在以下三種情況下，begin和start后面只能跟todo作賓語：A．主語非人：Itbegantorain.B．謂語動詞begin，start本身為進(jìn)行體：Sheisbeginningtocook．C．賓語動作表示“情感”、“思想”、“意念”Ibegantoloveher／likeher.Hebegantorealizehismistakes．HebegantounderstandwhatImeant．beworthdoingbeworthytobedone［三種結(jié)構(gòu)意思相同，表示“值得一做”（被動）］beworthyofbeingdone.6．部分情態(tài)動詞用法：can/couldA．能力B．許可havedone（過去）C．可能性（主要用于否定、疑問句）can+be（現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)）bedoing（現(xiàn)在動作）2）may/mightA．許可havedone（過去）B．可能性may+be（現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)）bedoing（現(xiàn)在動作）3）mustA．必要性（否定式：needn’t）MustIstayhere?Yes,youmust.//No,youneedn’t.havedoneB．推測must+be（否定式：can’t）bedoing4）表示“禁止、不允許、不可以”的表達(dá)法：mustn’t，maynot，can’t5）可能性的否定形式：maynot（部分否定），can’t（完全否定）6）need既可作實義動詞，又可作情態(tài)動詞：肯定句：Ineedtobuyacar.Heneedstobuyacar.Ineedacar.Heneedsacar.否定句：Ineedn’tbuyacar.Idon’tneedtobuyacar.Idon’tneedacar．疑問句：Needyoubuyacar？Yes，Imust.//No，Ineedn’t比較：Mustyoubuyacar？Yes，Imust．//No，Ineedn’t．Doyouneedtobuyacar？Yes，Ido．//No,Idon’t.Doyouneedacar？Ye，Ido．//No,Idon’t．條件句：Ifyouneedbuyacar...Ifyouneedtobuyacar，...Ifyouneedacar，...7）比較：needn’thavedone本不必做某事（事實上做了）didn’tneedtodo沒有必要做某事（事實上也沒有做）區(qū)別1：情態(tài)動詞、實義動詞：區(qū)別2：本不必做某事、沒有必要做某事共同之處：都表示過去時間8）比較：needn’thavedone本不必做某事（事實上做了）shouldn’thavedone本不該做某事（事實上做了）9）shallA．作助動詞。用于第一人稱，構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)；B．作情態(tài)動詞，用于二、三人稱的陳述句，表示許諾、命令、規(guī)定、決心、告戒等；C．作情態(tài)動詞，用于一、三人稱的疑問句，表示征求對方意見。10）willA．作助動詞，用于所有人稱，構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)；B．作情態(tài)動詞，用于所有人稱的陳述句，表示意志、意愿和習(xí)慣等：C．作情態(tài)動詞，用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示征求對方意見。11）should／oughttoA．表示“應(yīng)該”；B．表示“本應(yīng)該”：shouldhavedone12）wouldA．作助動詞，用于所有人稱，構(gòu)成過去將米時態(tài)：B．作情態(tài)動詞，用于所有人稱的陳述句，表示過去的意志、意愿和習(xí)慣等：C．作情態(tài)動詞，用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示征求對方意見。比will語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。不表示過去。7．非謂語形式作名詞后置定語的判斷：1）名詞與非謂語動詞之間無邏輯主謂關(guān)系：n．十todo例如：Sundayisanexcellentdaytomakeupyourscheduleforthefollowingweek．Hegotachancetogoabroad．2）名詞與非謂語動詞之間有邏輯主謂關(guān)系；（1）主動havingdone（完成）n.＋doing（進(jìn)行、一般性）todo（將來）例如：TheLabradorCurrentiscoldwatercomingfromtheArctic．Thestudenthavingfinishedhishomeworkwasallowedtogobackhomebytheteacher．Whoisthemantalkingtoourteacheroverthere？Youcanneverpredicteverythingtohappeninthefuture．（2）被動done（完成、一般性）n．＋beingdone（進(jìn)行）tobedone（將來）例如：Today,mostdiamondsusedinindustrycomefromRussia．Theproblemdiscussedatlastweek'smeetingisveryimportant．Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant．Theproblemtobediscussedatnestweek’smeetingisveryimportant．3）在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般用todo作后置定語：（1）某人十have（意思是“有”）＋sth＋todo例如：Hehasabooktoread．（2）Therebesthforsbtodo例如：Thereisabookforhimtoread．（3）only／last／next／序數(shù)詞十n．＋todo例如：Shewastheonlyonetolookafterthechild．8．倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法有：Ais十?dāng)?shù)詞十times、as＋adj．＋asB．Ais十?dāng)?shù)詞十times十比較級十thanB．Ais十?dāng)?shù)詞十times＋the十名詞十ofB．◆如：Thisbuildingis4timesashighasthatone．Thisbuildingis3timeshigherthanthatone．Thisbuildingis4timestheheightofthatone．Thisstreetis4timesaswideasthatone．Thisstreetis3timeswiderthanthatone．Thisstreetis4timesthewidthofthatone．Thisriveris4timesasdeepasthatone．Thisriveris3timesdeeperthanthatone．Thisriveris4timesthedepthofthatone．類似的轉(zhuǎn)換：4timesaslongas→3timeslongerthan→4timesthelengthof4timesasstrongas→3timesstrongerthan→4timesthestrengthof4timesaslargeas→3timeslargerthan→4timesthesizeof9．部分否定與完全否定：Notallthestudentswenttothecinema．（部分否定）Allthestudentsdidn’tgotothecinema．（部分否定）Noneofthestudentswenttothecinema．（完全否定）Notbothofthemwenttothecinema．（部分否定）Bothofthemdinnotgotothecinema．（部分否定）Neitherofthemwenttothecinema．（完全否定）下部分請關(guān)注。。。Notbothofthemwenttothecinema．（部分否定）Bothofthemdinnotgotothecinema．（部分否定）Neitherofthemwenttothecinema．（完全否定）10．表示“是否”的詞有whether和if，但在下列5種情況下，宜用whether，而不可用if：1）引導(dǎo)主語從句：WhetherIcanstaywithmymotherisanothermatter（我是否能和母親住在一起，則是另一回事。）2）介賓：Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome．（我是否回家，還沒有定。）3）與todo連用：Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogetmarriednoworwait．（她不知道該現(xiàn)在就結(jié)婚，還是等等再說。）4）與or（not）連用：It’sdifficulttosaywhetheryoucangetaticketornot．（很難說你能不能得到一張票。）Heissuretoarrivenextweek，whetherhecomesbywaterorbyair.（不管他乘船還是乘飛機來，他下周一定到。）5）在名詞后面：Hecouldfindnowordswhetherofprotestorwelcome．（無論是抗議的話還是歡迎的話他都說不出來。）Theproblemwhetherwewillgetenoughfinancialsupportisnotsettledyet．（我們是否會得到足夠的經(jīng)濟支持這一問題還沒解決。）11．動詞have作“讓”講，可用于以下句型：1）havesbdosth（讓某人做某事）例如；Shehadmebuyabookforher.2）havesbdoingsth（讓某人做某事）（與）相比，2）強調(diào)“一直做個不?！保├纾篐isjokeshaduslaughingallthetimeattheparty.3）havesthdoing（讓某物做某事）例如：havethelamplighting／havethefireburning／havethemachineworking4）havesthdone（讓某事被做）例如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday／Hehadhiscarrepairedthismorning．12．常見倒裝類型有：1）否定副詞位于句首（否定副詞包括：hardlyscarcely,rarely,never,seldom，little，innocase，undernocircumstancenotuntil,notonly,bynomeans，…）：例如：NeverhaveIsaidthatbeforeHehadhardly/scarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthetelephonerang．→Hardy／scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhen…Hehadnosoonerenteredthefoomthanthetelephonerang．→Nosoonerhadheenteredtheroomthan…2）“only十狀語”位于句首；例如：OnlyafterIcomebackcanyouleave.3）so（也），neither（也不），nor（也不）位于句首；例如：Shecanplaythepiano．SocanI．4）so…that…和such…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，“so十形容詞/副詞”或“such十名詞短語”位于句首；例如：Solovelyisthegirlthateverybodylikesher.5）if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句中，將if省略：例如：Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldcancelourplan．6）as表示“雖然、盡管”；例如：Youngasheis，（＝Althoughheisyoung，）Famousasheis，（＝Althoughheisfamous，）Childasheis，（＝Althoughheisachild，）Bravelyastheyfought，（＝Althoughtheyfoughtbravely）Tryastheymight，（＝Althoughtheymighttry,）7）whether十主語十is／are…or…→be十主語＋…or…；例如：Whetheryouareastudentorateacher,…→Beyouastudentorateacher,…13．sotoo+adj.+a(n)+n.ashow例如：Itissobeautifulaflowerthateverybodylikesit．Thisistoodifficultaquestion．HeisasfamousascientistasNewton．Howlovelyachildheis！14．有關(guān)“寧愿做…而不愿做…”的表達(dá)法：sthtosthpreferdoingsthtodoingsthtodosthratherthandosth例如：Ipreferteatocoffee.Ipreferstayingathometogoingoutinsuchhotweather.Iprefertostayathomefatherthangooutinsuchhotweather.wouldratherdosththandosthwouldsoonerdosththandosthwouldassoondosthasdosth例如：Iwouldratherstayathomethangooutinsuchhotweather．Iwouldsoonerstayathomethangooutinsuchhotweather．Iwouldassoonstayathomeasgooutinsuchhotweather.另外，注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣：wouldratherwouldsoonerhaddone（過去）+that主語+wouldassoondid（現(xiàn)在、未來）wouldpreferprefer＋that主語十（should）do15．than，but，except后面可接不定式短語todosth，但是，當(dāng)than，but，except前面出現(xiàn)了實義動詞do（或do的任何時態(tài)形式，表示“做”）的時候，不定式符號to必須省略。例如：Ihadnochoicebut／excepttowait．我除了等待別無選擇。Icoulddonothingbut／exceptwait．我除了等待別無辦法。16．比較幾個表示“花費”意義的動詞spend，cost，take的用法區(qū)別；timeonsth.1）sbspend(s)/spent+money(in)doingsth.2）sthcostsbmoney.time3）Ittakes/tooksb+todosth.money17．比較except和exceptfor的區(qū)別，except表示從整體中除掉相同范疇的事物，而exceptfor表示從整體中除去不同范疇的事物：Allthecompositionsarewell－writtenexceptyours．Yourcompositioniswell－writtenexceptforafewspellingmistakes．Alltheclassroomsareemptyexceptours.Thatclassroomisemptyexceptforafewbenches．18．sothat可以表示“結(jié)果、因此、所以”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，也可表示“為了、以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，判斷如下：第一，根據(jù)上下文的意思；第二，結(jié)果狀語從句前面往往會有逗號“，”隔開，而目的狀語從句前面沒有：第二，目的狀語從句中含情態(tài)動詞can／could，may／might等，而結(jié)果狀語從句中沒有。例如：Hedrovehiscarveryfastsothathecouldgettohisofficeontime．（目的狀語從句）Hedrovehiscarveryfast，sothathegotinvolvedinatrafficaccident．（結(jié)果狀語從句）19．在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，用todo表示被動意義，而不必用tobedone的形式：difficulthard主語+be+todo（不必用tobedone）easysimple例如：Thisproblemisdifficulttosolve．（這個問題難以解決。）20．含有介詞with的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成如下：doingdonetodowith+n./pron.+adj.prep.adv.例如：Theteacherenteredtheclassroom，withsomestudentsfollowinghimThewomanteacher'sbodywasdiscovered，withherhandsandfeetbound.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom，withabookinhishand.Healwayssleepswiththewindowsopeneveninwinter.achickenwithitsheadcutoff.21．“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)報道”、“據(jù)信”、“據(jù)認(rèn)為”、“據(jù)估計”、“據(jù)稱”等意義的表達(dá)有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：saidreportedbelievedItis+supposed+that主語（明確的某人、某物）+謂語動詞thoughtestimatedclaimedsaidreportedbelieved→主語（明確的某人、某物）＋besupposed+todothoughtestimatedclaimedItissaidthatthereare/is…→Thereare／issaidtobe…例如：Itissaidthathehascomebackfromabroad．→Heissaidtohavecomebackfromabroad．Itissaidthattheyarehavingameetingupstairs．→Theyaresaidtobehavingameetingupstairs.Itissaidthattheclassroomiscleanedeveryday→Theclassroomissaidtobecleanedeveryday．Itisreportedthattherearethreesigns...→Therearereportedtobethreesigns...22．“把…當(dāng)作／看作…”的表達(dá)法：treatregardconsiderthinkof…as…lookuponseeview23．seem常用于兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：Itseemsthat主語（明確的某人、某物）十謂語動詞…例如→主語（明確的某人、某物）seemtodo…例如：Itseemsthattheyarehavingameetingupstairs．→Theyseemtobehavingameetingupstairs．Itseemsthathehasfinishedhiswork．→Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork．Itseemsthattheclassroomiscleanedeveryday．→Theclassroomseemstobecleanedeveryday.24．表示“可能性”的表達(dá)法：likelyItispossiblethat主語（明確的某人、某物）十謂語動詞…probable→主語（明確的某人、某物）＋be＋likely（此處只能用likely）todo…25．強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Itis/was…that…例如：自然順序：ImetMaryinthestreetyesterday．強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，ItwasIthat／whometMaryinthestreetyesterday．（強調(diào)主語，且表示“人”）ItwasMarythatImetinthestreetyesterday（強調(diào)賓語）ItwasinthestreetthatImetMaryyesterday．（強調(diào)地點狀語）ItwasyesterdaythatImetMaryinthestreet．（強調(diào)時間狀語）26．短語動詞分四類：動介詞組、動副詞組、動副介詞組、動名介詞組，用法如下：v十prep＋n.／pron.（動介詞組）vi.v+advv+adv.+n.vt.v+n.+adv.（動副詞組）v+pron.+adv.v+adv.+prep.+n./pron.（動副介詞組）v+n.+prep.+n./pron.（動名介詞組）27．引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：1）that無意義、無成分、有時（在賓語從句、表請從句中）可省略2）if／whether是否、狀語、不可省略3）wh-word（表示“疑問”或“內(nèi)容”）a）疑問代詞：有意義．主語／賓語／表語、不省略b）疑問副詞；有意義、狀語、不省略介詞十賓語從句（whether／wh－word）problem／questionwhether／wh－word（引導(dǎo)同位語從句）28．定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：1）關(guān)系代詞：who（主語、賓語、表語；指代人），whom（賓語、表語；指代人），whose（做定語；指代人、物），which（主語、賓語、表語；指代物），that（主語、賓語，表語：指代人、物），as2）關(guān)系副詞（充當(dāng)狀語）：when（表示時間），where（表示地點），why（表示原因），that（表示方式）I’llneverforgetthedaywhen（=onwhich）IfirstenteredNanjingNormalUniversity.Thisistheplace_______Ionceworked．（where）（inwhich）Thisistheplace_______Ionceworkedin．（which=that,可省略）Thisistheplacein______Ionceworked．（which，不可省略，也不可用that）Thisistheplace_______Ioncevisited．（which=that,可省略）Thisisthereason_______hegave．（which＼that，可省略）3）介詞十which＼whom（在介詞之后不可用that＼who）29．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別舉例如下：限制性：HisbrotherwhoworksinBeijingisalawyer．他在北京工作的哥哥是一名律師。非限制性：Hisbrother，whoworksinBeijing,isalawyer．他哥哥在北京工作，是一名律師。非限制性：Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,isalawyer.（不可說：﹡HisfatherwhoworksinBeijingislawyer.）他父親在北京工作，是一名律師。限制性：Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry．他沒有說讓她生氣的話。非限制性：Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry．他什么也沒說，這使她很生氣。限制性：Hedidn’twearclotheswhichmadehimdifferentfromothers．（不可說：﹡Hedidn’twearclothes，whichmadehimdifferentfromothers．）他沒有穿使他與眾不同的衣服。非限制性：Nanjing,whichisthecapitalofJiangsuprovince，isabeautifulcity．（不可說：﹡NanjingwhichisthecapitalofJiangsuprovinceisabeautifulcity．）南京是江蘇的省府，是一座美麗的城市。非限制性：Mr.Brown，whojustcamefromBritainyesterday，willteachusaccountingthisterm．（不可說：﹡Mr．BrownwhojustcamefromBritainyesterdaywillteachusaccountingthisterm．）布郎先生昨天剛從英國來，這學(xué)期將教我們會計學(xué)。3