高考英語名詞性從句講解

高考英語名詞性從句講解/高考英語名詞性從句講解一、概念：名詞性從句相當于名詞詞組，在復合句中起名詞性作用。分類：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的1）連接詞：that,whether,if;2）關系代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever;3)關系副詞：when,where,how,why.二、要點：人物主語：who,whoeverwhat,whatever賓語：whom,whomeverwhat,whatever名詞性從句表語：whomwhat定語：whichwhatwhose狀語whenwherewhyhowwheneverhoweverwherever不做成份：thatif/whetherasif/asthough三、基礎知識學習：=1\*Arabic1主語從句:主語從句是在復合句中代替作主語的名詞,充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.that引導的主語從句=1\*GB3①句首Thataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayearandahalfisestimated.Thathemisunderstoodmeisobvious.That引導主語從句，放句首，不做任何成分，不可省略。=2\*GB3②用形式主語it來引導句子A.that引導主語從句放句首時，有時會為了避免頭重腳輕，保持句子平衡，常用it做形式主語，把真正的that引導的主語從句放句后。Itisstrangethathemadenoanswer.Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.B.用it做形式主語的主語從句結構注意：=1\*romani.It

作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

It

作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It

is

a

pity

that

you

didn’t

go

to

see

the

film.

It

is

in

the

morning

that

the

murder

took

place.

=2\*romanii.whoever,whatever,whichever等詞可以引導主語從句,但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能.Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesmustbepunished.試比較：Whoeverbreakstheschoolsrules,hemustbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreakstheschoolrules,hemustbepunished.1、It+be+名詞+that從句Itisafactthat事實上…Itisapitythat可惜的是…Itisaquestionthat…是個問題Itisahonorthat…非常榮幸Itisashamethat…真是可恥Itiscommonknowledgethat毫不奇怪的是…2、It+be+adj.+that從句Itiscertainthat很肯定…Itisnaturalthat很自然…Itisobviousthat很顯然…Itisclear/evidentthat很清楚…Itisfortunatethat很幸運…Itisbetterthat最好…Itislikely/probably/possiblethat很有可能…3、It+be+過去分詞+that從句Itissaidthat據說…Itisbelievedthat人們認為…Itisreportedthat據報道…Itisnotknownthat….不為人知Itistobediscussedthat—…要討論Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證明Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出…Itisestimatedthat據估計…4、It+動詞+that從句Itseemsthat好像是…Ithappenedthat碰巧…Itturnedoutthat結果…Itfollowsthat由此可見…Itmattersthat要緊的是…Itoccurredtomethat我想到…Itstruckmethat我想到…5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted，desirable,advisable,imperative…….that-clauseItisimportant,necessary,natural,strange……that-clauseItisapity,ashame,nowonder……that-clauseIsitnecessarythathe(should)taketheexamination?Itisstrangethathe(should)tellyouthis.A.wouldtell2.wh-引導的主語從句=1\*GB3①句首Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.Whatheneedismoreexperience.=2\*GB3②用形式主語it來引導句子Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhethershewillgobybusorbytrain.Itisnotveryclearwhattheyaretalkingabout.活學活用一1.Ithasbeenproved_______eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.2.youcan’tmakegreatprogressinthelanguagelearninghassomethingtodowithyourvocabulary.3.Ithascometoberealized______particularmattersintheairexposeustolife’srealdanger.4.______Ican’tunderstandiswhytheillegalcookingoil,mostlymadefromdiscarded(被棄的)kitchenwaste,isdifficulttodetectandidentifyefficiently.5._________countrieshavinggreatdifficultiesineconomyrightnowneedmostofallisfinancialaidratherthanlecturing.2)表語從句：表語從句和主語指同一內容，它對主語進行解釋說明，使主語的內容具體化。表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當復合句中的表語，一般結構是“主語十連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有

be,

look,

remain,

seem

等。

1.The

problem

is

that

millions

of

people

die

of

illnesses

caused

by

smoking.

2.The

question

remains

whether

we

can

win

the

people.

1.that引導的表語從句Thefactisthathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolate.Oneadvantageoflivinginthecountryisthatonecangetclosetonature.2.wh-疑問詞引導的表語從句Theproblemishowwecankeepintouchwiththem.Thiswaswhythecomplainedabouttheassignments.表語從句注意點(1)表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.(2)表語從句的引導詞that無實際意義,但不能省略.(3)表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if引導.(4)不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,應使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.(5)表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。

Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.活學活用二1.It’snotimportantwhetheryouwinornot.Whatreallymattersis__________youplaythegame.2.Thequestiontobediscussedis_______wecanmakeoureffortsrewarded.3.“Givingis_____fuelsus,”saysMycoskie.“Givingisourfuture.It’sthecentreofourbusiness,andit’stimewecelebrateit.”4.______Ican’tunderstandiswhytheillegalcookingoil,mostlymadefromdiscarded(被棄的)kitchenwaste,isdifficulttodetectandidentifyefficiently.3)同位語從句同位語從句是與先行詞同位或同等的從句，先行詞常為名詞如news,fact,truth,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,opinion,view,feeling,suggestion,proposal,etc.注意：同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。例如：WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15,2003.1.that引導的同位語從句有些名詞的后面可以接that引導的同位語從句：Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostpone.Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.Thefactthathishealthisfallingisnottrue.Idoubtthereportthattheshipsankonitsfirstvoyage.以下名詞常用于以上句型：advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,warning,wish,word2.wh-引導的同位語從句Ihavenoideahowsoontheyarecoming.Haveyouanyideawheretherearehavingarehearsal?3.同位語從句的割裂有時同位語從句不是緊跟在與之同位的名詞之后，而是被某些成分隔開。Evidencethathecommittedthecrimecameup.Evidencecameupthathecommittedthecrime.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwonthematch.drawcometoaconclusionarriveatreachTheconclusionthat/which/XthepolicecametothatTomcommittedthecrimedidn’tsatisfyus.4.同位語從句的虛擬語氣在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結構，句中的should可以省略。例如：Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule(should)beadopted.活學活用三1.Evidencecameup___________specificspeechsoundswererecognizedbyinfantsasyoungastwomonthsold.2.Manyexpertssticktotheview______teacherdevelopmentisthekeytotheeducationquality.3.Thelong-heldbelief_____certainfoodsincreaseintelligencehasturnedouttobeadisappointment.4.Whenitcomestomentalhealth,thefactissometimesneglected______moreandmoreteachersareundergreatpressure.5.Moreteensbegintorealizethebasicprinciple_______thereismoretoapersonthanphysicalbeauty.4)賓語從句1.that引導的賓語從句（that可省略）Ihopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.(suggest,demand,insist,order虛擬)suggestthatsb.(should)do2.wh-引導的賓語從句SheaskedwhatsecondlanguageIwasstudyingthen.Iwonderif/whetherthereisanyneedtospendsomuchmoneyontheparty.Shewillwriteabookonhowyoungmothersshouldraisetheirbabies.3.賓語從句的語序：陳述句（連接詞+主語+謂語）Heaskedwhathadhappened.Hedidn’tknowwhatwasthematter/whatwaswrong.4.兩個賓語從句And/but兩個that分別同時作句子的賓語時，第二個that通常不省略。Hesaid(that)……andthat……Theybelieved(that)landdidnotbelongtopeoplebutthatpeoplebelongtoland.5.doubt后面的從句doubt(肯定)+whether/wh-/whendon’tdoubt+thatThereisnodoubtthat6.介詞后面的賓語從句that通常不能跟在介詞后面做賓語，但是在介詞in,except,besides,but,save之后可跟that從句。inthat(因為，在……方面)，exceptthat(除了),besidesthat(除了),butthat(要不是),savethat(除了),etc.IknownothingaboutthemanexceptthatheisanIndian.Criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpstocorrectourmistakes.7.賓語從句的疑問詞提前DoyouknowhowholdIam?HowolddoyouthinkIam?doyouthink,doyousuggest,doyouimagine,doyouexpect,doyouguess,doyouassume,etc.Whatdoyousupposeweshoulddowiththepollution?8）賓語從句中的虛擬語氣:在動詞（大都表示“要求、建議、命令”意義）suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虛擬語氣。heteacherdemandedthatthework(should)befinishedbefore4o’clock.Hesuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.注意suggest當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist表示“堅持認為”之意時，主從句時態(tài)相應一致，不用虛擬語氣。Whathesaidsuggestedhewasadoctor.Heinsistedthatwhathesaidwasright.活學活用四1.Itisnotalwaysseasyforthepublictosee____________useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.2.Itevenleavesthescientistsinwonder_____theyshouldcallthenewly-borncreature,whichlookshalf-humanandhalf-animal.3.Manyskilledworkerswereorganizedtoclearaway______remainedintheWorldExposite.4.Consumersaregettingmoresensibleandbuyonly_____theyneedinspiteofalltheadvertisementstheysee.5.Chinesemedicalexpertshavewarned_____antibiotics(抗生素)havebeen“heavilyoverused”athospitals,whichmightcauseseriousside-effects.6.Themanagerseemsnevertobesatisfiedwith______thecompanyhasachieved.7.Themanagerwillput______hethinkshasastrongsenseofdutyintheleadershipposition.8.DeepintheAtlanticOcean,explorershavefoundmaybethemostvaluablesunkentreasureinhistory.9.Recently,theChinesegovernmentgavesomeexamplesof_______DalaiLama’svisitingforeigncountrieshadaffectedChina.10.Howweexpressourideassometimesmeansmorethan_____wemeantosay.11.Theywonder_____someonewhowantstobeatelecomengineershouldstudysubjectssuchashistory,literature,philosophy,etc.12.Best-sellingauthorandracecardriverHanHanoffereda20millionRMBrewardto________couldprovehisworkswereghostwritten(代筆)。強化練習一．填寫合適的關系詞。1.Healsostarredin______iscalledSnowWhiteandtheHuntsman.2.Aftergivingthecard,Irealized______powerfulthesentence“thankyou”is.3.HesaidBonniedidn’tbarkorbitelikeaguarddog,but_____shebehavedwasenoughtoalerthim.4.Ofcourse,Iwasn'tsigned,but______hurtthemostwasbeingtoldthatifIgrewto1．75metersIcouldbeasuccess．5.Largeamountsofseaicelosscouldchange______aircirculatesintheatmosphere.6.Itisessentialforyoutoknowwhyyouarespeakingand______youwishtoaccomplishbyyourspeech.7.But_____Iexpectisforyoutothinkindependentlyandintroducenewideas.8.Asthedayofthepartycamenear,Merlinbegantothink______tomakeagrandentranceattheparty.9.Itsurprisednearlyeveryoneth