初三英語語法 被 動 語 態(tài)

初三英語語法被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態(tài)）二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。1、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)較常見的八種，現(xiàn)以動詞clean為例列表說明：2、被動語態(tài)的句式變化：以一般現(xiàn)在時和動詞invite為例，列表說明被動語態(tài)的句式變化：3、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句）三、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：（1）將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ纾篢omkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.（2）將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他們昨天開會了。（3）將主動語態(tài)的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.四、動詞的主動形式表示被動之意系動詞無被動語態(tài)：以主動形式表示被動之意常見的系動詞有：①be動詞②……起來（7個）：look/seem/appear,feel(感覺，摸起來),sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.③(逐漸)變得/變成：become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.

Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

④保持：keep,stay

e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.五、下列動詞（詞組）沒有被動式：1、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take2、不及物動詞sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。eq\o\ac(○,1)、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.eq\o\ac(○,2)、Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。eq\o\ac(○,3)、Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來很好。eq\o\ac(○,4)、Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。eq\o\ac(○,5)、Thekindofclothwasheswell.這種布很容易洗。eq\o\ac(○,6)、Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來很好。eq\o\ac(○,7)、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八點(diǎn)鐘營業(yè)。eq\o\ac(○,8)、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.這門關(guān)不上。eq\o\ac(○,9)、Thedoorlockseasily.這門容易鎖。eq\o\ac(○,10)、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).這種材料耐久（不耐久）六、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例（以動詞do為例）1．一般現(xiàn)在時（am/is/are+done）Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的許多人都說英語。ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都舉行班會。Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。2．一般過去時(was/were+done)Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個男孩打碎了。Hewassavedatlast.他最終獲救了。Mybikewasstolen.我的自行車被偷了。3．一般將來時與過去將來時(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一個演講。Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一條新馬路。Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與過去進(jìn)行時(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天這時，機(jī)器正在被修理。Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.問題正在被討論。Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一輛公共汽車。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(have/hasbeen+done)Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。6．過去完成時(hadbeen+done)Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他們說已經(jīng)被邀請參加晚會了。Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Ⅰ單項(xiàng)選擇1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Thewar______in1941.A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbrokenC.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,brokenⅡ把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.6.Ithinkthatheisright.7.Hehadnotthrownthe