初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)名詞

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1.1名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾加-es讀/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等結(jié)尾加-s讀/iz/license-licenses以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es讀/z/baby---babies1.2其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化▲1）以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：由一個(gè)詞加man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。2）單復(fù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以說aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a.maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b.news為不可數(shù)名詞。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來的。d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。5）表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses（眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair（對(duì)，雙）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚。1.4不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)國(guó)籍總稱（謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)中國(guó)人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄國(guó)人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法國(guó)人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美國(guó)人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德國(guó)人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英國(guó)人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes【練習(xí)題】一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、orange2、class3、monkey4、piano5、child6、shelf7、bed8、country9、family10、toy11、foot12、radio13、photo14、tomato15、woman16、knife17、sheep18、ship19、dish20、mouse21、tooth22、leaf______二、選擇填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.Amonkeys

BmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots

()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen

()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig

()5.The_____hasthree______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches

()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.bread

B.breads

C.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth

()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milk

B.milks

C.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books

()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.

A.photoB.photosC.photoes

()11.Idranktwo______.A.bottlesofwaterB.bottleofwaterC.bottlesofwaters()12.Thecateatstwo_____lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse

()13.Ineedapenandsome_____.A.books

B.deskC.chair()14、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos()15.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish()16.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches()17.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth()18.Our_____roomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers()19.Tom

and

Jim

are

___.A:friends

B:friend

C:brother

D:sister

()20.How

many_____do

they

have?

A:picture

B:

pictures

C:a

picture三、用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2>These_______(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10>Peterhaseight_____(foot).11>Lindahasthree_______(tooth).12>Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.13>Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).14>TomandKingare_____(boy).名詞的所有格名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系,有兩種表示形式,一種是在名詞后+'s；另一種是用of,表示"……的"。1.(1)一般詞的所有格,直接在詞尾+'s。eg.Mr.Mott'srobot,children'sclothes

(2)以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾+'

eg.teachers'books

(3)兩人共有的物體,則在第二個(gè)名詞后+'s;如果分別是兩人所有,則在每個(gè)名詞后面+'s。eg.LucyandLily'sroom.(指兩人共住一個(gè)房間)

MrsGreen'sandMrsBrown'sson.(指兩人各自的兒子)

(4)表示某具體場(chǎng)所時(shí),所有格后面的名詞可省略

eg.thedoctor's(office)

Mr.White's2.(1)沒有生命的事物一般用of短語(yǔ)來表示所屬關(guān)系。

eg.thewalloftheclassroom，apictureofthebedroom，

(2)名詞的的定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),有生命的事物也可用of短語(yǔ)表示。

eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman(4)

雙重所有格

eg.afriendofhis,

thebignoseofTom's(5)

有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加's來構(gòu)成所有格。eg.tenminutes'walk,today'snewspaper例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.

A.ideas

B.photos

C.news

D.stories

解析:much是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的,ABD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞,因此選C.2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.

A.orange,orange

B.oranges,oranges

C.oranges,orange

D.orange,oranges解析:orange有兩種含義,一種可數(shù)名詞橘子,另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁,此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞,第二空填不可數(shù)名詞,因此選C。3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________to

hishome.

A.25minutes'walk

B.25minute'swalk

C.25minutewalk

D.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只+',而不能+s,因此選A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.

A.people

B.person

C.thepeople

D.theperson解析:person與people都有"人"的意思,但用法不同."一個(gè)人"用"aperson","兩個(gè)人"用"twopersons";people泛指"人們"是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù),thepeople指"人民",apeople指"一個(gè)民族".應(yīng)選B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.

A.chickensandapples

B.chickensandapple

C.chickenandapple

D.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)+s,因此選D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.

A.room'snumber

B.rooms'number

C.roomnumbers

D.rooms'numbers解析:roomnumber房間號(hào)碼.room可直接用作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞.類似的還有myphsicsteacher,

twobusdrivers等.

應(yīng)選C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.

A.family

B.house

C.home

D.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成員;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房間;而home指的是家,因此選C.8.________motherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.

A.MaryandPeter's

B.MaryandPeter

C.Mary'sandPeter

D.Mary'sandPeter's解析:此句中"mothers"是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選D。9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.

A.heruncle

B.heruncle's

C.heruncles

D.aunt's解析:此句意為"李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次".表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí),可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn't________inteaching.

A.manyexperiences

B.muchexperience

C.anexperience

D.alotexperience解析:experience

作"經(jīng)驗(yàn)"講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,作"經(jīng)歷"講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞.本句中應(yīng)理解為"經(jīng)驗(yàn)",因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此選B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.

A.you

B.your

C.yoursister

D.yoursister's解析:此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.

A.Frenchmen,Germans

B.Germans,Frenchmans

C.Frenchmans,Germen

D.Germen,Frenchmen解析:

Frenchman是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen;German的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S,應(yīng)選A.13.Theteam________

havingameeting.

A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be解析:team是一個(gè)集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(指整個(gè)小組),也可指小組中的成員(表示復(fù)數(shù)),此題意為后者,因此選B。14."Wouldyoulike_________?"

"________,please."A.drink,Threecoffees

B.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,Acoffee

D.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞,可以用…of來表示數(shù)量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,當(dāng)前面加a時(shí),則表示"一杯"．因此選C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.

A.earthandstone,millionsof

B.earthsandstones,millions

C.theearthandstone,millionof

D.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除BD,數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的應(yīng)為millionsof.因此選A?！揪毩?xí)與鞏固】選擇最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,lives

B.children,life

C.children,lives

D.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.

---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!

A.myfatherandmother

B.mymotherandfather's

C.mymother'sandfather's

D.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.

A.ClassThird

B.ThirdClass

C.ClassThree

D.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.

A.Teachers

B.Teachers'

C.theTeachers'

D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.

A.halfanhours'

B.halfanhour's

C.halfanhour

D.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?

---_________,please.

A.Twocupofcoffee

B.Twocupsofcoffe

C.Twocupsofcoffee

D.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.

A.fun

B.wishes

C.interest

D.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.

A.child

B.boy

C.boys

D.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.

A.twoweeks

B.two-weeks

C.twoweeks'

D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.

A.visitor

B.visitors

C.visitor's

D.visitors'11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?

---Therearetwo___________.

A.hundreds

B.hundred

C.hundredof

D.hundredsof12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?

---Itsoundsreallywonderful.

A.subject

B.music

C.book

D.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.

A.place

B.room

C.field

D.ground14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.Wool

B.Pork

C.Mutton

D.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicine

B.lessons

C.photos

D.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.

A.minute

B.minutes'

C.minutes's

D.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!

A.agoodnews

B.somegoodnews

C.somegoodnewes

D.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?

A.street

B.way

C.road

D.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.

A.myuncles

B.myuncles'

C.myuncle's

D.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.

A.are

B.is

C.am

D.were1-5

CBCBB

6-10CACCD

11-15ABBCD

16-20BBBCBI.名詞所有格練習(xí).__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的語(yǔ)文書)__________________________________(雙胞胎的臥室)areverynice.______________________________(王平和王明的父親)isahotelmanager.Isthis___________________________________(你的好朋友的鋼筆)?Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老師).___________________________(教師節(jié))isonSeptember10th.___________________________________(學(xué)生們的桌椅)areverynew.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(兒童節(jié)).Heisin_________________________________(老師的辦公室)now.Pleaseopen______________________________________(教室的門).____________________________(趙敏的鞋)arewhite._________________________________(林紅和張蔚的學(xué)校)isbigandnew.________________________________(John和Sally的母親)areAmerican._____________________________(劉偉的妻子的朋友)isfromGuangzhou.______________________________(Tony哥哥的電腦)isbroken.It’s_____________________________(婦女節(jié))onMarch8th.Arethese________________________________________(男生們的書包)?Thatis_______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).______________________________________(我父親的和她父親的朋友)arefromBeijing.II.名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式和數(shù)詞的練習(xí).Thereare_________________________________(58個(gè)學(xué)生)inourclass.Thereare________________________________(65個(gè)班級(jí))inourschool.Ihave____________________________(13本書)inmyschoolbag.Arethere_______________________________(73套桌椅)inthisclassroom.There’re______________________________(27個(gè)男生)and_______________________________(31個(gè)女生)inmyclass.Thereare__________________________________(15臺(tái)電腦)inthatroom.Mygrandmais_______________________________(82歲).Thereare________________________________(44位女老師)inherschool.Thereare__________________________(94位男醫(yī)生)inthatbighospital,Icansee__________________________________(幾只鳥)inthetree.______________________________(多少幅畫)arethereinyoubedroom?Ihave________________________________(3本字典).Canyousee________________________________(一些風(fēng)箏)inthesky?Ourschoolhas_________________________________(2個(gè)圖書館).Thereare___________________________________(12個(gè)月)inayear.Paul’sfatheris_____________________________________(57歲).Thereare______________________________(13輛公共汽車)onthestreet.Wecansee__________________________________(18個(gè)婦女)overthere.Thereare___________________________________(22個(gè)孩子)intheroom.Icansee____________________________________(六杯茶)onthetable.III.用some和any填空.Ihave_____________goodfriendsinmyclass.Isthere____________waterinthebottle?Doyouhave____________________money?Theydon’thave______________timetogothere.Thereare________________cakesonthetable.Idon’thave__________________milkforbreakfast.Doeshehave______________brothersorsisters?Therearen’t_____________picturesonthewall.CanIask____________________questions?Arethere________flowersinyouclassroom?No,therearen’t_________.Wehave____________apples,butwedon’thave____________pears.Isthere__________orangejuic