高考總復習英語（北師大版）習題Unit1　Lifestyles（必修一）課時作業(yè)

課時作業(yè)(一)A卷·基礎強化練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2016·浙江卷)Thegraphhasatitle，amainidea，andsupporting(support)details.2．(2016·天津卷)Social(society)robotsarenotjustmakingtheirwayintothehome.3．Massageisusedtorelaxmuscles，relievestress(stressful)andimprovethecirculation.4．Nowadayswiththedevelopmentofsociety，manyvolunteersliketodovoluntaryworkinsomedistantareas.(volunteer)5．Overtheyears，hehasspenthissparetimeonthedistance(distant)learningontheInternet.6．Thereportcalledforurgent(urgently)actiontostoppollutingtheenvironment.7．It’snoteasyformanystudentstofindajobaftergraduating/graduation(graduate)fromcollegesinpresentsituation.8．Anundergroundorganisation(organise)hasclaimedresponsibilityforthebombexplosion.9．Thetwofirmswerejoinedupto_reduce(reduce)petition.10．Whentheclockstrucktwelve，Iswitched(switch)offTVandwenttobed.11．Theboywassuffering(suffer)fromanearinfection，whichmadehismotherworried.12．AsfarasIknow，mostofgirlshaveapreferenceforred.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Heplainedthepoliceoftheboysstealinghisapplesplained后加to2．Thepanysufferedfromagreatlossinthefinancialcrisis.去掉from3．Therewassomanyfoodthatwecouldn’teatitall.many→much4．WetookturntotelljokesatJim’sbirthdayparty.turn→turns5．Iprefertoworkratherthansittingtheredoingnothing.sitting→sit6．Ifyoustillkeepsilent，Iwilltakeforgrantedthatyouimplyagreement.take后加it7．I’mquiteinterestedinthejobadvertisingintoday’snewspaper.advertising→advertised8．Wherecanyouhide，supposedyouareabletoescapefromthepolice？supposed→supposing/suppose9．LeJiahasthesamehairstylethatMengFeihas.that→as10．Agoodplancameupwithatthemeetingyesterday.去掉with11．Yourpositiveattitudetowardlifewillmakethedifferencetoyourfuture.the→a12．Ilookforwardtohearfromyouassoonaspossible.hear→hearingⅢ.完成句子1．他是我們學校第一個獲得世界冠軍的人。(不定式做定語)Heisthefirstpersonto_wintheWorldChampionshipinourschool.2．東南部雨量充足，而西北部則很少下雨。(while表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比)There’splentyofraininthesoutheast，while_there’s_little_in_the_northwest.3．這就是我前幾天丟的那輛同樣的電動車。(thesame...that...)Thisisthe_sameelectricbikethatIlosttheotherday.4．這首歌曲是如此優(yōu)美，以至于我們大家都喜歡它。(so...that...)Thesongsoundsso_beautiful_thatwealllikeit.5．我發(fā)覺我爸爸對觀看《爸爸去哪兒》感興趣了。(find＋賓語＋賓語補足語)Ifind_my_father_interested_inwatchingDad，wherearewegoing.Ⅳ.閱讀理解A話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時幫助他人☆☆2966′“Myneighbordoesn’tspeakEnglish，butherkindnessneedsnotranslation.”AngieMorrissaid.AngieMorris，an81－year－oldCanadianwomanwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnowlivesinVancouver，Canada，wasdescribinghowhernext－doorneighbor，MsWing，a68－year－oldChinesewoman，voluntarilycooksmealsforhereveryday.Morris’moving，first－personnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadiannewspaperTheGlobeandMailwithmorethan24,000onlinereaders.“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag，”shewrote.“Athermoswithhotsoupandastainless－steelcontainerwithamealofrice，vegetablesandeitherchicken，meatorshrimp，sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbeeanalmostdailytradition.”WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor，eventhoughthetwowomenhavenowayofmunicatingverbally.WingspeaksonlyMandarin，andMorris’Mandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．“Neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage，butmunicatingwithsomehelpfromtechnology.Thedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarbrownpapercarrierbag，handedsmilinglytomebyWing，”Morriswrote.Readersandnetizensaroundtheworldhavebeentouchedbythisrelationshipthatcrossesnationalboundariesandfocusesonhumankindness.“Youknowthatmostpeopleinthisworldjustwanttoliveagoodlife，”onereadermented.“IefromoldIreland，soIcantellyouathingortwoaboutconflict.Thepointis，mostpeopleareverygoodwithbigheartsandwanttheirchildrentogrowupsafeandinplaceslikethiscountrycanoffer.”JudyZhuinNewYorkcontributedtothisstory.[語篇解讀]一位六十八歲的中國老太太，每天提著裝有各種食品的袋子去照顧一位八十一歲的加拿大老太太的感人故事，經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡傳播后，引起了轟動。由此，使我們認識到，助人為樂是不分國界的。1．WheredoesMsWingefrom?A．England B．CanadaC．China D．Ireland解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句話“...MsWing，a68－year－oldChinesewoman...”可知MsWing來自中國。2．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“verbally”inParagraph2?A．Orally B．SlowlyC．Fluently D．Freely解析：選A詞意猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話“WingspeaksonlyMandarin，andMorris’Mandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．”以及第三段的第一句話“Neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage，butmunicatingwithsomehelpfromtechnology.”可以推出他們兩個之間無法進行口頭交流。故選A項。3．Whoprovidedthearticletous?A．Ms.Wing B．MorrisC．Morris’husband D．JudyZhu解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話“JudyZhuinNewYorkcontributedtothisstory.”可知是JudyZhu給我們提供了這篇文章。4．Whichmightbethebesttittleofthepassage?A．ForeignlanguageisveryimportantB．TwofriendlyoldladiesmovedtheworldC．ReadersandnetizensaroundtheworldD．Grandma’skindnesstouchesthousands解析：選D標題概括題。本文主要介紹了一位中國老太太無私地幫助一位素不相識的異國老太太的事跡，一經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡傳播立即引起世人的廣泛關注。因此，文章的標題應該是D項。B話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時科學發(fā)現(xiàn)☆☆☆3508′Red－backedfairywrens(鷦)，whichliveinnorthernandeasternAustralia，laythreeorfoureggsatatime.(2017·江蘇卷)Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning(胎教)，birdscouldrule_the_roost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk：OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化)．New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer，abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia，andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched，thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”[語篇解讀]這是一篇科普類的說明文。文章講述了澳大利亞的一位生物學家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鳥兒在孵化時會進行胎教，幼鳥會用胎教時學會的鳥叫聲來引起鳥媽媽的關注。鳥兒在胎教方面比人類更出色。5．TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“________”．A．betheworst B．bethebestC．bejustasbad D．bejustasgood解析：選B猜測詞義題。畫線部分前面的語境說，嬰兒在出生之前就能分辨很大的聲響與人的嗓音(tellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices)；畫線部分后面的語境說，有些鳥媽媽在鳥兒被孵化出來之前，就可能教它們啼叫(teachtheiryoungtosing)。通過對比畫線部分的前后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里說的是與人類相比，鳥媽媽在胎教方面表現(xiàn)得最好(bethebest)，因此選B。6．WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C．ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.D．Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干的Kleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon，我們知道本題詢問的是這項研究成果建立的基礎，由此把答案定位在第三段。該段說，為了了解這種特點是不是更多的鳥兒都具備(ifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds)，研究人員選定了澳大利亞另外一種會唱歌的鳥(anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird)——鷦鷯(fairywren)，從位于昆士蘭四個地點的67個鳥巢里收集鳥叫的聲音資料(collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueensland)，然后再來分辨這些鳥叫聲(identifiedbeggingcalls)，根據(jù)鳥媽媽與幼鳥聲音的相似度來進行排列(rankingthembysimilarity)。第四段首句(Itturnsoutthat...)顯示：鷦鷯幼鳥的叫聲與鳥媽媽的聲音也很相似。由此判斷，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)基于A項(鳥媽媽與幼鳥叫聲的相似之處)。7．Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich________.A．canreceivequalitysignals B．a(chǎn)reinneedoftrainingC．fittheenvironmentbetter D．maketheloudestcall解析：選C推理判斷題。文章最后兩段說，研究結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，叫聲與鳥媽媽的聲音很接近的幼鳥得到的食物最多(thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood)，這表明，有效的胎教能夠把孩子神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點發(fā)信號給母親(signalneurologicalstrengthsofchildrentoparents)。從這些信息判斷，胎教能幫助鳥媽媽識別出更能適應環(huán)境的幼鳥，因此選C項。B卷·能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀填句話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時健康☆☆☆1905′Ahealthiertomorrowstartswithamovementtoday.__1__Wecanallmakesmallchangesinourdailylivesthatwillhaveoutstandingresultsinthelongrun.Thefollowingaresomethingstoconsider.__2__Increasingyourdailyphysicalactivitycangreatlyreducelifedisease.Littlethingslikegardening，walkingthedog，doinghousework，playingwithyourkidscanhelpreduceyourrisk.Loweryourtotalfatintake.Itishighlyremendedtoconsumerelativelylowtotalfatandsaturatedfattyfoods.__3__Andyoushouldalsoknowwhatlong－termeffectsithas.Lowersodiumintake.Dietrulessuggestthatyouhavenomorethan1,500milligramsofsodiumaday.Tohelpwiththat，skipaddingsalttoyourmeals.Relyonotherseasoningsoutsideofsaltandtryandreduceyourintakeoftoomanyprocessedfoods.__4__Lowerstresslevels.Stressisawaythatwereacttochange.__5__Anyhow，reducingstressisthehighestremendedactivitythatwecanremend.Startingtodaycanhavegreatchangesonyourlifeinthefuture.Starttodayanddon’tletyourpoorchoicesmakealastingimpressiononfamilymembers，andyourmunity!A．Increasephysicalactivity.B．Lookupvarioushealthwebsites.C．Todothisyouwillneedtounderstandwhatyouareeating.D．Mostprocessedfoodsaccountfor75%ofadailysodiumintakelimit!E．Wecankeepfitbyroutinephysicalactivityandhealthyeatingpatterns.F．Unfortunately，intheeraoffastfoods，thisiswhatiseasiersaidthandone.G．Bydealingwithchangeeasier，youcanreduceyourstress，whetherstrongorweak.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了為擁有明天的健康，我們今天應該如何做才會有長期明顯的效果。1．解析：選E因為該句考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的“Ahealthiertomorrowstartswithamovementtoday.”可知。該空應選E項。選項中的“keepfit”與“healthier”呼應；上文的“movement”與選項中的“routinephysicalactivity”呼應。2．解析：選A考查段落的主題句。根據(jù)本段中的“Increasingyourdailyphysicalactivity...”可以看出，本段談論的主要是增加體力活動，故選A項。3．解析：選C根據(jù)本段的主題句“Loweryourtotalfatintake.”可知，該段談論的主要是降低你的脂肪攝取量。又根據(jù)空格后的句子“Andyoushouldalsoknowwhatlong－termeffectsithas.”中的“it”可以判斷出該題選C項。其中it指代的是C項中的“whatyouareeating”。該題易誤選F項，因為它與本段的主題相關，但是要注意它與下文不銜接。4．解析：選D根據(jù)上文的“...toomanyprocessedfoods.”可知，該題選D項。D項介紹了盡量少吃加工食品的原因，與上文銜接緊密。5．解析：選G因為本段的主題句為“LowerStressLevels.”，故選G項。選項中的“stress”與本段主題相關。Ⅱ.完形填空話題難度系數(shù)詞數(shù)建議用時獻愛心☆☆☆32015′(2018·河南新鄉(xiāng)一高模擬)Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildren，workingatalow－paidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada__1__overourheads，foodonthetable，clothesonourbacksandifnotalot，always__2__.Notknowingwearepoor，mykids(孩子)justthoughtIwas__3__.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat.ItwasChristmastime，andalthoughtherewasn’t__4__foralotofgifts，weplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig__5__forthekidswasthefunofChristmas__6__.Theyplannedweeksaheadoftime，asking__7__whattheywantedforChristmas.Fortunately，Ihadsaved$120for__8__tosharebyallfiveofus.Thebig__9__arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty－dollarbilland__10__themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered(散開)．Wehadtwohourstoshop；thenwewould__11__backatthe“Santa’sWorkshop”．DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits，__12__myyoungerdaughter，Ginger，whoisalways__13__.Shehadonlyonesmall，flatbagwithafewcandies—fifty－centcandies！Iwassoangry，butIdidn’tsayanything__14__wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor，__15__tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme，“Iwaslooking__16__thinkingofwhattobuy，andI__17__toreadthelittlecardsonthe‘GivingTrees’．Onewasforalittlegirl，fouryearsold，andallshe__18__forChristmaswasadoll(玩具娃娃)．SoItookthecardoffthetreeand__19__adollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything.”Ineverfeltso__20__asIdidthatday.[語篇解讀]圣誕節(jié)那天，作者得知她的小女兒用自己買禮物的錢給一個陌生的小女孩買了娃娃這件事后，母親的內(nèi)心感受——從未有過的富有。1．A.roof B．hatC．sky D．star解析：選A根據(jù)下文的food，clothes可知，應選roof。2．A.little B．lessC．enough D．more解析：選C根據(jù)前面的ifnotalot可知，此處意為“雖然不多，但通常是足夠的”。3．A.busy B．seriousC．strict D．kind解析：選C根據(jù)句意可知，孩子不知道家里窮，只是認為母親對他們要求很嚴格。4．A.effort B．roomC．time D．money解析：選D由第一段可知，沒有錢買許多禮物。5．A.improvement B．problemC．surprise D．excitement解析：選D由下半句可知，這是令孩子們最“興奮的事”。6．A.shopping B．travellingC．parties D．greetings解析：選A由句意可知，對于孩子而言，圣誕節(jié)最大的快樂當然是購物了。7．A.theother B．eachotherC．onebyone D．everyotherone解析：選B本句意為：四個孩子彼此之間互問他們圣誕節(jié)想要的東西。8．A.toys B．clothesC．presents D．bills解析：選C本句意為：120元是我們五個人共同買禮物的錢。9．A.day B．chanceC．cheque D．tree解析：選A此處是指圣誕節(jié)來臨了。10．A.forced B．remindedC．invited D．begged解析：選B由句意可知是提醒孩子買什么。11．A.draw B．stayC．move D．meet解析：選D由句意可知是回來集合。12．A.including B．besidesC．except D．regarding解析：選C每個孩子都情緒高漲，只有小女兒例外。13．A.quiet B．excitedC．happy D．a(chǎn)shamed解析：選A由上句可知，此處是指小女兒一直都是很安靜的性格。14．A.since B．a(chǎn)fterC．while D．until解析：選Dnot...until句型，意為“直到……才”。15．A.waiting B．readyC．hoping D．a(chǎn)fraid解析：選B由句意可知，此處應選ready，其他選項均不符合文意。16．A.out B．overC．forward D．a(chǎn)round解析：選Dlookaround“環(huán)顧四周”，lookover“檢查，檢閱”；C項缺to，lookforwardto“盼望”；lookout“向外看，當心”，故選D。17．A.forgot B．stoppedC．failed D．hated解析：選B根據(jù)句意可知是停下來，讀許愿樹上的小卡片。18．A.wanted B．didC．got D．played解析：選A由句意可知，她想要的圣誕節(jié)禮物是一個玩具娃娃。19．A.made B．searchedC．bought D．fetched解析：選C根據(jù)句意可知，取下卡片給小女孩買了個娃娃。20．A.angry B．richC．patient D．bitter解析：選B與第一段的Moneywasalwaystight相呼應。Ⅲ.語法填空Thegiantpandalovesbamboo.Anadultpandarequires12.5kilogramsofbamboo，whichit1.________(hungry)pullsoutwithitspowerfulpaws，tosatisfyitsdailyneeds.WildpandasliveonlyinthehighbambooforestsofCentralChina.Thesemountainforestsarecoolandwet－justaspandaslikeit.Inthesummer，theymayclimbashighas4000meterstohelpthemselvestobamboo2.________(grow)athigheraltitudes.Frequently，pandas3.________(see)eatinginarelaxedsittingposition，withtheirbacklegsstretchedoutbeforemayappearinactive，theyareinfactskilledtree－climbersandefficientswimmers.Giantpandasareunsociable.Theyhaveahighlydevelopedsenseofsmellthatmalesuse5.________(avoid)eachotherandtofindfemalesformatinginthespring.Afterafive－monthpregnancy，afemalegivesbirth6.________acub.Theblindbabypandasweighonly142gramsandcannotcrawl(爬行)7.________theyreachthreemonthsofbornwhite，anddeveloptheirmuchlovedcoloringlater.Thereareonlyabout1000giantpandasleftin9.________wild，withperhapsanother100inzoos.Becausetheyaresorare，muchof10.________weknowaboutpandasesfromstudyingthesezoo[語篇解讀]這篇文章介紹了稀有動物大熊貓的生活習性。1．解析：hungrily動詞應用副詞修飾。2．解析：growing“竹子”和“生長”之間是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。3．解析：areseen“大熊貓”和“看到”之間是被動關系，所以用被動語態(tài)。4．解析：Although/Though句意：盡管它們看起來不活潑，但是事實上，它們是非常擅長爬樹和游泳的。所以填Although/Though。5．解析：toavoid表示目的“為了避開彼此”，所以填toavoid。6．解析：togivebirthto是固定用法，意思是“生下”。7．解析：until句意：大熊貓寶寶直到三個月大時才會爬行。所以填until。8．解析：They句意：它們出生時是白色的。所以填they。9．解析：theinthewild是固定用法，意思是野生的。10．解析：what這里含有一個主語從句，引導詞在從句中作賓語，所以填what。Ⅳ.短文改錯文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，soonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案：Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeq\o(eighteen,\s\do12(eighteenth))birthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardeq\o(∧,\