定語從句(關系從句)賴氏經(jīng)典英語語法

形容性從句（關系從句）關系詞的分類1、關系代詞2、關系代詞所有格3、關系副詞4、關系指示代詞5、復合關系代詞6、復合關系副詞一、關系代詞1、who、whom、whichex.1Heisagoodstudentwhostudieshardex.2Heisaboywhomeveryoneloves.ex.3Thisisaproblemwhichweshouldsolverightaway.Ex4HeisamanforwhomIenjoyworking.2、介詞與有關系代詞關系代詞之前有介詞時，介詞可移至句末，此時可省略關系代詞HeisamanwithwhomIenjoyworking.=HeisamanwhomIenjoyworkingwith.=HeisamanIenjoyworkingwith.Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.=Thehousewhichweliveinisverylarge.=thehouseweliveinisverylarge.另注意，有些固定的短語動詞，在定語從句中出現(xiàn)時，不宜將介詞置于關系代詞之前，以保持該動詞的完整性。PayattentiontocallontakeovergetridofTheman(whom)Icallonyesterdayismyteacher.2、that可出現(xiàn)在有關系從句中，但要滿足兩個條件，一是that從句之前不能有逗號，二是that前不能有介詞。只能使用that的情況：a、序數(shù)詞后。Hewasthefirstmanthatcameupwithsuchanidea.B、最高級后HeisthebeststudentthatI’veevertaught.C、“thevery+名詞”后HeistheverymanthatImetyesterday.D、all之后Allthathesaidistrue.e、”theonly+名詞”后HeistheonlyfriendthatIhave.F、句中若有兩個相同關系代詞引導的定語從句出現(xiàn)時，為避免重復，第二個關系代詞通常改用that取代。Heworkshard,whichisafact(which)thatisknowntous. G、關系代詞若在be動詞后作表語，表示某人的身份時，要使用that，不用who或which.Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.二、關系代詞所有格Shehasanuncle,hisnameispeter=Shehasanunclewhosenameispeter.Ilikethathouse,It’slocationlooksgoodtome=Ilikethathouse,whoselocationlooksgoodtome.關系代詞所有格使用三原則。a、關系代詞所有格之前要用先行詞b、該關系代詞所有格之后的名詞要作定語人名中的主語或賓語c、否則該關系代詞所有格之前一定要有介詞，該介詞可移動句末。Ihatejohn,whosewordsIhavenotrust.Ihatejohn,inwhosewordsIhavenoturst=Ihatejohn,inwhosewordsIhavenotrustin.三、關系副詞1、種類：四個where(=inwhich、onwhich、atwhich)when(=inwhich、onwhich、atwhich)why(=forwhich)how(=inwhich)用法1、whereThisisthecitywhere(inwhich)ImethimImethimatthestation,where(atwhich)thereweremanypassengers.Iboughtacabinetwhere(inwhich)IcouldstorebooksDoyouseethedeskwhere(onwhich)thereisabook2、where的用法hecameonFriday,when(ohwhich)itwasraininghard.That’stheyearwhen(inwhich)hegraduated.Thesunroseat6am,when(atwhich)mostpeoplewerestillintheirdreams.3、why的用法。Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hecried.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hecommittedsuicide.4、how的用法that’sthewayinwhichhehandledtheproblem.=that’showhehandledtheproblem.=that’sthewayhehandledtheproblem.四、復合關系代詞種類代替人：whoever=anybodywhowhomever=anybodywhom代替人或物：whichever=anyonewhich\who三者以上whichever=eitherwhich\who兩者以上代替物：what=thethingwhich(所…..的東西)whatever=anythingwhich（……的任何東西）2、whoever的用法a、先視whoever為兩個詞，即：anybodywhob、anybody是代詞，可在主句中當作主語或賓語；who為關系代詞，引導定語從句，并在該從句中作主語。我們可先用anybody作主語造一個句子。1）Anybodyshouldbepunished.后用who為主語的定語從句2）whomakessuchamistake.后，兩句合并Anybodywhomakessuchamistakeshouldbepunished.=whoevermakessuchamistakeshouldbepunished.2、whomever的用法1）giveittoanybody.2)whomyoulike(youlikewhom)Giveittoanybodywhomyoullike.=Giveit