2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)考試近5年真題附答案

（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)考試近5年真題薈萃附答案第I卷一.參考題庫(共100題)1.contrastiveanalysis2.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.3.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.4.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.5.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe（）.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic6.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme7.Reference8.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]9.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction10.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.11.sociolect12.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones13.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?14.Pragmatics15.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.16.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?17.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.18.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.19.culturaltransmission(asadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage)20.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones21.Inthecourseoftime，thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs（）studies，suchassociologyandpsychology.22.acculturation23.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition（）.A、LanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformatioB、Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsC、ChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageD、Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse24.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental25.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberof（）toformacompletestatement,（）orcommand.26.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym27.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese28.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.29.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“l(fā)ight”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds30.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof（）morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、631.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix32.suprasegmentalfeatures33.subvocalspeech34.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative35.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.36.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“（）”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought37.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand（）.A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas38.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.39.Utteranceisbasedon（）;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.40.Whatisidiolect?41.Inflectionalaffixes42.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content43.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.44.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.45.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only（）ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk46.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.47.rootandstem48.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]49.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title50.Clear[1]anddark[?]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.51.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，+adultB、+animate，+male，+human，-adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult52.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang53.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural54.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.55.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina（）formula“S→NPVP”.A、hierarchicalB、linearC、treediagramD、vertical56.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.57.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual58.（）actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.A、AlocutionaryB、AnillocutionaryC、AperlocutionaryD、Aspeech59.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.60.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.61.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence62.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.63.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.64.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms65.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?67.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?68.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish，MiddleEnglish，andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.69.Linguistics70.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.71.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.72.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.73.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis74.namingtheoryandconceptualistview75.registers76.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates（）.A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication77.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.78.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.79.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair80.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.81.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives82.locutionaryact83.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex84.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled（）word.A、apolysemousB、asynonymousC、anabnormalD、amultiple85.inflectionalmorphemesn86.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones87.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.88.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.89.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms90.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment91.hierarchicalstructure92.maximsofqualityandmanner93.generaltolanguage95.Speechcommunity96.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics97.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.98.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree99.Anillocutionaryact100.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?第I卷參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案：Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.2.參考答案：正確3.參考答案：utterance4.參考答案：錯誤5.參考答案：C6.參考答案：D7.參考答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.8.參考答案： [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high9.參考答案：D10.參考答案：錯誤11.參考答案：Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.12.參考答案：C13.參考答案： CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.14.參考答案：Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersoflanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.15.參考答案：錯誤16.參考答案： Sapir-Whorfproposedfirstthatallhigherlevelsofthinkingaredependentonlanguage.Orputitmorebluntly,languagedeterminesthought,hencethestrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Becauselanguagesdifferinmanyways,Whorfalsobelievedthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveandexperiencetheworlddifferently,thatis,relativetotheirlinguisticbackground,hencethenotionoflinguisticrelativism.Inshort,thestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisproposesthatthelanguagewespeakdeterminesthewayweperceivetheworldandthereforethenatureofthought.17.參考答案：complementary18.參考答案：錯誤19.參考答案：Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirealanguage，butdifferentfromanimals，theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted，ratheritisculturallytransmitted，i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.20.參考答案：D21.參考答案：social22.參考答案：Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.23.參考答案：A24.參考答案：B25.參考答案：words；question26.參考答案：C27.參考答案：D28.參考答案：錯誤29.參考答案：B30.參考答案：B31.參考答案：B32.參考答案：Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.33.參考答案：Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.34.參考答案：B35.參考答案：正確36.參考答案：D37.參考答案：B38.參考答案：bilingualism39.參考答案：sentencemeaning40.參考答案： Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.41.參考答案：Inflectionalaffixesorinflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.42.參考答案：B43.參考答案：正確44.參考答案：錯誤45.參考答案：A46.參考答案：lateralization47.參考答案：Thebaseformofaword;theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.48.參考答案： [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high49.參考答案：C50.參考答案：complementary51.參考答案：A52.參考答案：A53.參考答案：D54.參考答案：正確55.參考答案：B56.參考答案：錯誤57.參考答案：B58.參考答案：C59.參考答案：錯誤60.參考答案：錯誤61.參考答案：D62.參考答案：正確63.參考答案：正確64.參考答案：B65.參考答案：正確66.參考答案：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.67.參考答案： Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.68.參考答案：錯誤69.參考答案：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.70.參考答案：正確71.參考答案：root72.參考答案： Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.73.參考答案：B74.參考答案：Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.75.參考答案：Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.76.參考答案：A77.參考答案：voiceless；voiced；voiced78.參考答案：正確79.參考答案：D80.參考答案：錯誤81.參考答案：A82.參考答案：Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords，phrases，andclauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，lexiconandphonology.Forexample，bysaying“Youhaveleftthedoorwideopen”，thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewordsandexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.83.參考答案：A84.參考答案：A85.參考答案： Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.86.參考答案：B87.參考答案：錯誤88.參考答案：錯誤89.參考答案：B90.參考答案： (1)thehuntersareshooting;