高中英語語法教案-虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣英語動(dòng)詞有四種語氣：陳述語氣、祈使語氣、疑問語氣和虛擬語氣。一．定義：虛擬語氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義。虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。二．虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中1.概念真實(shí)條件句：表示現(xiàn)實(shí)或可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件。非真實(shí)條件句：表示非現(xiàn)實(shí)的，或不可能，或不大可能變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件。e.g.=1\*GB3①Theydon’thaveameetingifthereisnothingtodiscuss.=2\*GB3②IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyGerman.2.形式虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）should/would/could/might+do與過去事實(shí)相反had+doneshould/would/could/might+have+done與將來事實(shí)相反=1\*GB3①動(dòng)詞過去式=2\*GB3②should+do=3\*GB3③wereto+doshould/would/could/might+doe.g.=1\*GB3①Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.=2\*GB3②Ifhecametomorrow,wecouldaskhim.練習(xí)：=1\*GB3①Ifyou＿＿＿＿(take)myadvice,you＿＿＿＿＿＿(notfail)intheexamslastterm.=2\*GB3②Ifit＿＿＿＿(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeeting＿＿＿＿＿＿(putoff).=3\*GB3③Ifeveryone＿＿＿＿(know)firstaid,manylives＿＿＿＿＿＿(save).3.重點(diǎn)1）如條件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略掉，把were,had,should提前，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。e.g.Ifwehadmadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.→Hadwemadeagreateffort,wemighthavesucceeded.▲注意：若條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。e.g.Ifitweren’tfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.→Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.2)有些句子主句謂語和從句謂語表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上并不一致，這類句子稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。=1\*GB3①Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.=2\*GB3②Ifhehadn’tfollowedmyadvice,hewouldn’tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.3）含蓄條件句指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其它手段來暗示存在的虛擬條件，如butfor,with,without,otherwise,but等。=1\*GB3①Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedthework.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,……=2\*GB3②Imighthavegivenyourmorehelp,butIwastoobusy.=3\*GB3③Suchathingwouldn’thavehappenedelsewhere.=4\*GB3④Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthemeeting.4）省去主句的條件句常用ifonly引導(dǎo)，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。謂語形式：謂語用過去式（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）謂語用haddone（與過去事實(shí)相反）謂語用could/would/might+do（與將來事實(shí)相反）e.g.=1\*GB3①Ifonlyhewerehere.=2\*GB3②Ifonlytherainwouldstop.三．虛擬語氣其它用法1.用于賓語從句中1）wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。謂語形式：過去式（賓語從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)）had+done(賓語從句動(dòng)作先于wish)could/would/might+do（賓語從句動(dòng)作后于wish）e.g.=1\*GB3①Iwish(that)Iwereaflyingbird.=2\*GB3②Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.=3\*GB3③Iwishhewouldtryagain.2)用于表示建議、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，如demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。賓語從句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+doe.g.Heorderedthattheboy(should)gowithhim.▲注意：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示；表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。e.g.=1\*GB3①Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.=2\*GB3②Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.3)wouldrather后的賓語從句用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。e.g.=1\*GB3①I’dratheryouwenthomenow.=2\*GB3②I’dratheryouhadn’tmadethatmistake.2.用于主語從句中Itissuggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/desired+that從句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder+that從句主語從句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：（should）+do（表達(dá)說話者“驚訝、遺憾、應(yīng)該”等語氣）e.g.Itwasapitythatourteamshouldlosethegame.▲注意：以上句式也可用陳述語氣。e.g.It’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.3.用于表語從句和同位語從句中在名詞advice,order,suggestion,request,proposal,plan,idea等后邊that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，或這些名詞作主語時(shí)后面that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should)+doe.g.=1\*GB3①Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)giveuptheplan.=2\*GB3②Myideaisthathe(should)acceptthejob.4.用于定語從句中Itis(high)time+that從句，從句謂語形式用過去式，或should+do(should不可省略)。e.g.Itishightimewestarted(shouldstart)out.5．a(chǎn)sif/asthough用在虛擬語氣中。asif/asthough引導(dǎo)表語從句與方式狀語從句皆可，謂語形式：過去式（從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）haddone（從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作）could/would/might+do（從句動(dòng)作后于主句動(dòng)作）e.g.=1\*GB3①Helooksasifhewereapopstar.=2\*GB3②TheytalkedaboutL.A.asiftheyhadbeenthere.6.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done”的用法。1）musthavedone:“(過去)一定做了…”(否定式為can’t/couldn’thavedone)e.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnightfortheroadisquitemuddy.2)can/couldhavedone：“本來能夠做…；過去可能會(huì)做…”e.g.Canhehavegonetohisuncle’s?3)can’t/couldn’thavedone:“過去不可能做…；過去沒能夠…”e.g.Hecan’thaveforgottenit.4)may/mighthavedone：“也許已經(jīng)做…”（只用于肯定句與否定句中，不用于疑問句；否定句中表示“可能不”，用might表示語氣更不肯定）e.g.Hemaynothavefinishedthework.5）should/oughttohavedone:“本該做…（實(shí)際未做）”e.g.Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.6)shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone:“本不該做…（實(shí)際做了）”e.g.youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.7)needn’thavedone:“本不必做…（實(shí)際做了）”e.g.Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.8)hadbetterhavedone:“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了…”（否定式為hadbetternothavedone）e.g.Youhadbetternothavebeatenher.9)wouldratherhavedon