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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸3:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是把一個(gè)分句破壞了謂語(yǔ)前面我們學(xué)過(guò),兩個(gè)分句放在一起而不用句子連詞連接只以逗號(hào)隔開,這樣的句子是錯(cuò)誤的(參看P.考點(diǎn)5)。Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.×這時(shí),我們可以把一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)破壞掉,把其謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)或不用動(dòng)詞。上句可以變?yōu)椋篐ishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.這樣,這個(gè)分句被破壞后就成了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子更簡(jiǎn)練,有利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜內(nèi)容。破壞謂語(yǔ)的方法:含有be的,把be去掉(主系表結(jié)構(gòu)表原因的,be也可變?yōu)閎eing);不含be的,謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系的,把謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞;是被動(dòng)關(guān)系的,把謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞;謂語(yǔ)表將來(lái)動(dòng)作的,變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?。練?xí):合并下列句子,把畫線句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞(與前面構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou
tomorrow.名詞(代詞)+過(guò)去分詞(與前面構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
The
test
finished,
we
began
our
holiday.名詞(代詞)+不定式(表將來(lái))
He
suggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.名詞(代詞)+副詞
Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.名詞(代詞)+形容詞
Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.名詞(代詞)
+介詞短語(yǔ)
Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.名詞(代詞)
+名詞
Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系看下面兩個(gè)句子:Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.
(前面粗體部分是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
②Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.
(前面粗體部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))可以看出,作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在用法上是相同的,可以通過(guò)添、去with相互轉(zhuǎn)換。但是作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Thewomanwithababyonherbackismyaunt.
背上背孩子的那個(gè)女的是我阿姨。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí),其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均可以不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但
with
的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受限制。Arobber
burst
into
the
room,
knife
in
hand.
Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.
Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settled B.settling
C.tosettle D.beingsettledWithallthemagazinesIneeded______,Ileftthepostoffice.
A.buying B.tobuy
C.bought D.tobeboughtWithelectricity______,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.
A.wascutoff B.beingcutoff
C.cutoff D.havingcutoffEverything______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.
A.totake B.taken C.tobetaken D.taking______moreandmoreforestsdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.
A.As B.For C.With D.By【2010山東】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.
A.laid B.laying C.tolay D.beinglaidManystudents______around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.
A.stood B.standing
C.tostand D.werestanding【2012遼寧】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.
A.tofollow B.following C.followed D.followsTomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords______inhisheartforyears.
A.filling;havingbeenhidden B.filled;hidden
C.filling;hidden D.filled;hidingWiththeboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.
A.leading;finding;leading B.tolead;found;tolead
C.led;finding;led______,hehadtostayathomeq329950885lookingafterher.
A.Beingill B.Hiswifewasill
C.Hiswifebeingill D.Becausehewasill______,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.
A.Thesummervacationbeingover
B.Thesummervacationisover
C.Becausethesummervacationover
D.AfterthesummervacationbeingoverTheoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes______anditslegs______.
A.closed;trembled B.closing;trembling
C.closed;trembling D.closing;trembled.【2012全國(guó)新課標(biāo)】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather______.
A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted D.permitWeleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.
A.were B.being C.tobe D.havingAllflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.
A.werecanceled B.havingbeencanceled
C.hadbeencanceled D.havebeencanceled獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句要有完整的謂語(yǔ),而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒(méi)有完整的謂語(yǔ),且不需要連接詞。Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______translatedintoaforeignlanguage.
A.them B.which C.it D.whatYoucanusealargeplasticbottle,______cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.
A.thetopis B.thetopofwhich
C.whosetop D.withitstop【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthem B.mostofwhich
C.mostofwhat D.mostofthatTheEnglishmayors,mostof______girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.
A.them B.whom C.they D.theTofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,______onlyonehoney-comb.
A.eachwith B.eachhas
C.eachiswith D.eachofwhichhaving獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句要有完整的謂語(yǔ),而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒(méi)有完整的謂語(yǔ)。______moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.
A.With B.By C.As D.ForYouhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.
A.for B.when C.with D.while單句改錯(cuò)Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisewenton.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allofwhich600yearsold.Theyhadnowheretolive,becausetheirhousesdestroyedintheearthquake.【2005江西】Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeIfoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.語(yǔ)法填空(每空至多填三詞)【2011湖北】Withthekey______(hold)inhishand,helookedforthemeverywhere.Conditions______(permit),Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.There______(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withmanyitemssheneeded______(buy)forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,theirfa
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