高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸3：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是把一個(gè)分句破壞了謂語(yǔ)前面我們學(xué)過(guò)，兩個(gè)分句放在一起而不用句子連詞連接只以逗號(hào)隔開，這樣的句子是錯(cuò)誤的（參看P.考點(diǎn)5）。Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.×這時(shí)，我們可以把一個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)破壞掉，把其謂語(yǔ)變成非謂語(yǔ)或不用動(dòng)詞。上句可以變?yōu)椋篐ishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.這樣，這個(gè)分句被破壞后就成了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子更簡(jiǎn)練，有利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜內(nèi)容。破壞謂語(yǔ)的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表結(jié)構(gòu)表原因的，be也可變?yōu)閎eing）；不含be的，謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系的，把謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系的，把謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞；謂語(yǔ)表將來(lái)動(dòng)作的，變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?。練?xí)：合并下列句子，把畫線句子改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Hiswifewasill.Hehadtostayathome.Hearrivedathome.Hisfacewasred.Myhomeworkwasfinished.Iwentouttoplayfootballwithmyfriends.Irodeabikealongthestreet.Mydogwasfollowingme.Ihadtostayathome.Alotofhomeworkhadtobedone.ItrainedlastSunday.Ihadtostayathome.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞（與前面構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系）

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.名詞(代詞)+過(guò)去分詞（與前面構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系）

The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.名詞(代詞)+不定式（表將來(lái)）

He

suggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.名詞(代詞)+副詞

Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.名詞(代詞)+形容詞

Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.名詞(代詞)

+介詞短語(yǔ)

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.名詞(代詞)

+名詞

Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,werekilledthatnight.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系看下面兩個(gè)句子：Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.

（前面粗體部分是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）

②Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.

(前面粗體部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))可以看出，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在用法上是相同的，可以通過(guò)添、去with相互轉(zhuǎn)換。但是作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Thewomanwithababyonherbackismyaunt.

背上背孩子的那個(gè)女的是我阿姨。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均可以不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但

with

的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受限制。Arobber

burst

into

the

room,

knife

in

hand.

Apolicemanranafterhim,withastickinhishand.

Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A.settled B.settling

C.tosettle D.beingsettledWithallthemagazinesIneeded______,Ileftthepostoffice.

A.buying B.tobuy

C.bought D.tobeboughtWithelectricity______,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.

A.wascutoff B.beingcutoff

C.cutoff D.havingcutoffEverything______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.

A.totake B.taken C.tobetaken D.taking______moreandmoreforestsdamaged,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.

A.As B.For C.With D.By【2010山東】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.

A.laid B.laying C.tolay D.beinglaidManystudents______around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.

A.stood B.standing

C.tostand D.werestanding【2012遼寧】Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.

A.tofollow B.following C.followed D.followsTomlookedatJenny,tears______hiseyes,andshoutedthewords______inhisheartforyears.

A.filling;havingbeenhidden B.filled;hidden

C.filling;hidden D.filled;hidingWiththeboy______theway,wehadnotrouble______theway______toZhongshanPark.

A.leading;finding;leading B.tolead;found;tolead

C.led;finding;led______,hehadtostayathomeq329950885lookingafterher.

A.Beingill B.Hiswifewasill

C.Hiswifebeingill D.Becausehewasill______,Johnreturnedtoschoolfromhishometown.

A.Thesummervacationbeingover

B.Thesummervacationisover

C.Becausethesummervacationover

D.AfterthesummervacationbeingoverTheoldsickgoatlayontheground,itseyes______anditslegs______.

A.closed;trembled B.closing;trembling

C.closed;trembling D.closing;trembled.【2012全國(guó)新課標(biāo)】Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather______.

A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted D.permitWeleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.

A.were B.being C.tobe D.havingAllflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

A.werecanceled B.havingbeencanceled

C.hadbeencanceled D.havebeencanceled獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句要有完整的謂語(yǔ)，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒(méi)有完整的謂語(yǔ)，且不需要連接詞。Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof______translatedintoaforeignlanguage.

A.them B.which C.it D.whatYoucanusealargeplasticbottle,______cutoff,asapottogrowyoungplantsin.

A.thetopis B.thetopofwhich

C.whosetop D.withitstop【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.

A.mostofthem B.mostofwhich

C.mostofwhat D.mostofthatTheEnglishmayors,mostof______girls,seldomwininthesportscompetitions.

A.them B.whom C.they D.theTofindout,Frischbuiltspecialhives,______onlyonehoney-comb.

A.eachwith B.eachhas

C.eachiswith D.eachofwhichhaving獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句要有完整的謂語(yǔ)，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒(méi)有完整的謂語(yǔ)。______moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,someanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.

A.With B.By C.As D.ForYouhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace______herfootwoundedsomuch.

A.for B.when C.with D.while單句改錯(cuò)Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoisewenton.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2,000silverpennies,allofwhich600yearsold.Theyhadnowheretolive,becausetheirhousesdestroyedintheearthquake.【2005江西】Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeIfoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.語(yǔ)法填空（每空至多填三詞）【2011湖北】Withthekey______(hold)inhishand，helookedforthemeverywhere.Conditions______（permit）,Iwillteachmyselfasecondforeignlanguage.There______(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withmanyitemssheneeded______(buy)forher50-birthday-party,shewenttothesupermarketwithabigbasket.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleintheirholidaydress,theirfa