高中語法定語從句

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載定語從句限制性定語從句限制性定語從句由三部分組成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句學(xué)好定語從句的關(guān)鍵有4點：①明確關(guān)系詞的作用有3點：連接，代替和作成分。②會分析定語從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而確定用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，而不是簡單的根據(jù)先行詞來確定關(guān)系詞。③注意一些特殊的定語從句，主要看先行詞和先行詞前的修飾語，從而確定選用正確的關(guān)系詞，④尤其記住what，how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose;關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why.（一）先行詞是人①作主語n.+who/that+定語從句（who/that不能省略）②作賓語n.+who/that/whom/\+定從③作定語n.+whose+主語+謂語+…=n.+the主語+ofwhom+謂語…=n.+ofwhomthe主語+謂語…（二）先行詞是物①作主語n.+which/that+定語從句（which/that不能省略）②作賓語n.+which/that/\+定從③作定語n.+whose+主語+謂語+…=n.+the主語+ofwhich+謂語…=n.+ofwhichthe主語+謂語…④作狀語n.（時間）+when=介詞+which+定從n.（地點）+where=介詞+which+定從reason（原因）+why=forwhich/省略+定從way（方式）+that=inwhich/省略+定從（三）介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+of+whom/which一般在定語從句中作主語常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的代詞有both,all,some,few,little,alittle,many,much,none,half〕Ihaveseenmanyforeigners.Mostofthemareveryclever.Ihaveseenmanyforeigners;Mostofthemareveryclever.IhaveseIhaveseenmanyforeigners,andmostofthemareveryclever.Ihavemanyseenforeigners,mostofwhomareveryclever.2.介詞+which/whom一般在定語從句中作狀語。根據(jù)①定語從句的謂語選擇適當?shù)慕樵~。②先行詞選用關(guān)系代詞whom（人）/which（物）。注意：如果定語從句的謂語動詞是短語動詞，介詞不可以提前。如：lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareofIsthistheknifewhichyouarelookingfor?3介詞+which+名詞（作狀語）+定語從句=and+介詞+that/this+名詞Shesufferedfromillness,inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.=Shesufferedfromillness,andinthatcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.Tomspent4yearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.=Tomspent4yearsincollege,andduringthistimehelearnedFrench4.介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞（作狀語）=介詞+whose+名詞.=and介詞+形物代+名詞①Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariver.=Heworksinafactory,inwhosefrontthereisariver.②Jackisafamousdoctor,withthehelpofwhomtheysucceedinanoperation.=Jackisafamousdoctor,withwhosehelptheysucceedinanoperation.（四）特殊的定語從句1.當先行詞前面有such,so,thesame修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,as在定語從句中可以作主語，賓語和表語，as表示的是與前面名詞同類事物但不是同一個事物。如果表示同一事物要選用關(guān)系代詞that。這時要與sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句區(qū)分開來。That在結(jié)果狀語從句中不作成分。①Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.②Iwanttoread suchabookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabooksuchasyouread.Iwanttoreadthesamebookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabookthesameasyouread.2.當先行詞為下列情況時，只用that.不用which.①當先行詞是指物的不定代詞時，如：all,some,few,little,much,nothing,something,anything,everything,noone時.如：Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.②當先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞所修飾時，或先行詞本身就是形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞③人、物并用時④當先行詞被all,every，no，some,any，just，few,much,oneof,theonly，thevery，theright,等修飾時.如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.⑤當主語是以who,which開頭的特殊疑問句時.如：Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?⑥有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個宜用that.Theybuiltasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑦在therebe句型中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞。如：Therearetwomenthataretalkingthere.3.在定語從句中只用who而不用that的情況①先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如：one，anyone，no，one，all，nobody，anybody，none，those，people等時。如Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.②但先行詞有較長的后置定語或被其他成分與定語從句分割時。如：Prof.SmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.4.當先行詞為下列情況時，只用which,不用that.①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。如：Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.②引導(dǎo)非相限制性從句時。③先行詞本身是that時。如：What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.④先行詞后有插入語時。如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyouwillhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.分列式定語從句（即先行詞與關(guān)系代〔副〕詞之間被介詞短語，同位語，謂語等分裂開來）①Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.②Theprofessorissleepingwhohasjustcomebackfromabroadafterajourney.③Theworldpeople,especiallythepeople,who’refriendlytousdon’tlikewar.6.插入式定語從句（亦稱混雜式定語從句，即在關(guān)系代詞與從句中插入一個句子）①Isuggestyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.②Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkisimportanttoscience.7.省略式定語從句(即介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式；可與介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換)①Shehasalotofthingswithwhichtodeal（=withwhichsheshoulddeal.8.多重定語從句（兩個以上的定語從句同時修飾一個先行詞）①HesaidhewouldneverforgetthemomentwhenhefirstmetGorkyandwhichheregardedasthehappiestinhislife.9.介詞from+where引導(dǎo)的定語從句（此句中的where可與which換用，但用法陳舊）①Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.10.關(guān)系代詞than引導(dǎo)的定語從句Youspendmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.11.No/never/not+先行詞+but(準關(guān)系代詞)=that…not=who…not沒有…不…的①Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim（=nomanwhodidn’tadmirehim.）Thereisnodifficultybutmaybesmoothedaway（=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.）二非限制性定語從句（一）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1.that可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，但不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2.限制性定語從句和主句之間不能用逗號；非限制性定語從句和主句之間要用逗號。3.限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語時可省略，非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語時不可省略。4.限制性定語從句一般只修飾先行詞；非限制性定語從句可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾其前面的整個句子或句子的一部分。5.限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語；如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明確。非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作附加說明；如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。①Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒說使她生