高中語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句由三部分組成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵有4點(diǎn)：①明確關(guān)系詞的作用有3點(diǎn)：連接，代替和作成分。②會(huì)分析定語(yǔ)從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從而確定用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)確定關(guān)系詞。③注意一些特殊的定語(yǔ)從句，主要看先行詞和先行詞前的修飾語(yǔ)，從而確定選用正確的關(guān)系詞，④尤其記住what，how不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose;關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why.（一）先行詞是人①作主語(yǔ)n.+who/that+定語(yǔ)從句（who/that不能省略）②作賓語(yǔ)n.+who/that/whom/\+定從③作定語(yǔ)n.+whose+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+…=n.+the主語(yǔ)+ofwhom+謂語(yǔ)…=n.+ofwhomthe主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…（二）先行詞是物①作主語(yǔ)n.+which/that+定語(yǔ)從句（which/that不能省略）②作賓語(yǔ)n.+which/that/\+定從③作定語(yǔ)n.+whose+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+…=n.+the主語(yǔ)+ofwhich+謂語(yǔ)…=n.+ofwhichthe主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)…④作狀語(yǔ)n.（時(shí)間）+when=介詞+which+定從n.（地點(diǎn)）+where=介詞+which+定從reason（原因）+why=forwhich/省略+定從way（方式）+that=inwhich/省略+定從（三）介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+of+whom/which一般在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的代詞有both,all,some,few,little,alittle,many,much,none,half〕Ihaveseenmanyforeigners.Mostofthemareveryclever.Ihaveseenmanyforeigners;Mostofthemareveryclever.IhaveseIhaveseenmanyforeigners,andmostofthemareveryclever.Ihavemanyseenforeigners,mostofwhomareveryclever.2.介詞+which/whom一般在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)①定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。②先行詞選用關(guān)系代詞whom（人）/which（物）。注意：如果定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞不可以提前。如：lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareofIsthistheknifewhichyouarelookingfor?3介詞+which+名詞（作狀語(yǔ)）+定語(yǔ)從句=and+介詞+that/this+名詞Shesufferedfromillness,inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.=Shesufferedfromillness,andinthatcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.Tomspent4yearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.=Tomspent4yearsincollege,andduringthistimehelearnedFrench4.介詞短語(yǔ)+關(guān)系代詞（作狀語(yǔ)）=介詞+whose+名詞.=and介詞+形物代+名詞①Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariver.=Heworksinafactory,inwhosefrontthereisariver.②Jackisafamousdoctor,withthehelpofwhomtheysucceedinanoperation.=Jackisafamousdoctor,withwhosehelptheysucceedinanoperation.（四）特殊的定語(yǔ)從句1.當(dāng)先行詞前面有such,so,thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,as在定語(yǔ)從句中可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，as表示的是與前面名詞同類(lèi)事物但不是同一個(gè)事物。如果表示同一事物要選用關(guān)系代詞that。這時(shí)要與sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。That在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中不作成分。①Sheiswearingthesamedressthatsheworeyesterday.②Iwanttoread suchabookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabooksuchasyouread.Iwanttoreadthesamebookasyouread.Iwanttoreadabookthesameasyouread.2.當(dāng)先行詞為下列情況時(shí)，只用that.不用which.①當(dāng)先行詞是指物的不定代詞時(shí)，如：all,some,few,little,much,nothing,something,anything,everything,noone時(shí).如：Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.②當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)，或先行詞本身就是形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞③人、物并用時(shí)④當(dāng)先行詞被all,every，no，some,any，just，few,much,oneof,theonly，thevery，theright,等修飾時(shí).如：Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.⑤當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以who,which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí).如：Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?⑥有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)宜用that.Theybuiltasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑦在therebe句型中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞。如：Therearetwomenthataretalkingthere.3.在定語(yǔ)從句中只用who而不用that的情況①先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如：one，anyone，no，one，all，nobody，anybody，none，those，people等時(shí)。如Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.②但先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)或被其他成分與定語(yǔ)從句分割時(shí)。如：Prof.SmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.4.當(dāng)先行詞為下列情況時(shí)，只用which,不用that.①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：Galileobuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.②引導(dǎo)非相限制性從句時(shí)。③先行詞本身是that時(shí)。如：What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.④先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyouwillhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.分列式定語(yǔ)從句（即先行詞與關(guān)系代〔副〕詞之間被介詞短語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)等分裂開(kāi)來(lái)）①I(mǎi)wastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.②Theprofessorissleepingwhohasjustcomebackfromabroadafterajourney.③Theworldpeople,especiallythepeople,who’refriendlytousdon’tlikewar.6.插入式定語(yǔ)從句（亦稱(chēng)混雜式定語(yǔ)從句，即在關(guān)系代詞與從句中插入一個(gè)句子）①I(mǎi)suggestyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.②Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery,whichIthinkisimportanttoscience.7.省略式定語(yǔ)從句(即介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式；可與介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換)①Shehasalotofthingswithwhichtodeal（=withwhichsheshoulddeal.8.多重定語(yǔ)從句（兩個(gè)以上的定語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)先行詞）①HesaidhewouldneverforgetthemomentwhenhefirstmetGorkyandwhichheregardedasthehappiestinhislife.9.介詞from+where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（此句中的where可與which換用，但用法陳舊）①Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.10.關(guān)系代詞than引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Youspendmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.11.No/never/not+先行詞+but(準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞)=that…not=who…not沒(méi)有…不…的①Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim（=nomanwhodidn’tadmirehim.）Thereisnodifficultybutmaybesmoothedaway（=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.）二非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.that可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不能用逗號(hào)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間要用逗號(hào)。3.限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略。4.限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般只修飾先行詞；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾其前面的整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分。5.限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)；如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明確。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞作附加說(shuō)明；如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。①Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他沒(méi)說(shuō)使她生