山東省濟(jì)寧市2025屆英語高三第一學(xué)期期末考試模擬試題含解析

山東省濟(jì)寧市2025屆英語高三第一學(xué)期期末考試模擬試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2．選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0．5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3．請按照題號順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。4．保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．When____tofeelunworthy,childrenoftenworkextrahardtopleasetheirparents．A．tomake B．making C．made D．havingmade2．TheSmallGoosePagodainXi’an,oneofthe22SilkRoadrelicslocatedinChina,_______backin707duringtheTangDynasty.A．dated B．wasdatedC．dates D．isdating3．WhenIsaidsomeonebroketheschoolregulations,I______you.Whydidyougetthatangry?A．don’treferto B．haven’treferredto C．wasn’treferringto D．hadn’treferredto4．Hotthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．whileC．a(chǎn)sD．however5．---Didyouvisitthefamousculturalrelicslastmonth?---No,we____it,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping．A．couldhavevisited B．musthavevisitedC．can'thavevisited D．shouldn'thavevisited6．Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybe______intogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.A．caught B．a(chǎn)ddictedC．seized D．trapped7．Whenfacedwithabigchallenge________potentialfailureseemstohideateverycorner,maybeyou'veheardthisadvicebefore:“Bemoreconfident.”A．where B．whose C．which D．ofwhich8．Variousefforts________inthepastdecadestoprotecttheenvironment.A．hadmadeB．havemadeC．weremadeD．havebeenmade9．Bobmadeapromisetothemanager________theworkwouldallbefinishedontime.A．that B．whatC．which D．whether10．Ithoughtithardtocompletetheprojectthen,butI________mymind.A．willchangeB．wouldchangedC．havechangedD．hadchanged11．WaterKnowsAnswersbyaJapaneseauthor,________into16languages,hasbecomeabest-sellerallovertheworld.A．havingtranslated B．tobetranslatedC．beingtranslated D．translated12．Aroundthispoint______,whichishumorousandfullofastronglocalflavor.A．thestorydevelops B．doesthestorydevelopC．developsthestory D．thestorydeveloped13．TheJapanesesufferingfromtheworstnaturaldisasters.A．a(chǎn)re;eversince B．a(chǎn)re;ofalltimeC．is;eversince D．is;ofalltime14．——Congratulationsonyourpromotion.Gooutfordinner,OK?——Good!__________,justyouandme.A．FollowmeB．MytreatC．MypleasureD．Allowme15．---Butforyourtimelywarning,weintogreattrouble.---Well,youknowwe’refriends.A．wouldget B．musthavegot C．wouldhavegot D．can’thavegot16．TwoprofessorsatHarvardUniversitypublishedastudyof3,300newgraduates,lookingat________theirnameshadanybearingontheiracademicperformance.A．that B．how C．why D．whether17．Takethemedicinerightaway!______ityesterday,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.A．Hadyoutaken B．WouldyoutakeC．Shouldyoutake D．Wereyoutotake18．---AlanseemsalottallerthanwhenIlastsawhim.---He.He’sgrownafootsinceyousawhiminShanghai.A．is B．willbeC．hasbeen D．was19．Whathelikedtodowastotakeanideaand______itbyfindingeverypossibleconsequence.A．squeeze B．wrestleC．switch D．shrink20．Herdoctorindicatedthatevenaddinga(n)_____amountofdailyexercisewoulddramaticallyimproveherhealth.A．modestB．equalC．considerableD．exact第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Spendingmoneyontime-savingservicesreducesstressandboosts(增進(jìn)）happiness，accordingtoanewresearch,butshockingly,fewofusdoit.Whillans,aprofessoratHBSsaid,“Buyingtimehelpstoprotectusfromthestressinourlivescausedbytimepressure,andthefeelingthatwedon’thaveenoughminutesinthedaytocompleteourtasks.’’TheeffectwasclearestintheCanadianexperiment,inwhich60workingadultsweregiven$40tospendintwodifferentways.Oneweekend,theyweretoldtospendthemoneyonamaterialpurchase—agiftforthemselves.Thenextweekend,theywereinstructedtospendthe$40onanythingthatsavedthemtime，frompayingtheneighbor’skidtorunerrands(跑腿）totakinganUberinsteadofabus.Onthedaytheymadethetime-savingpurchase,theyfelthappier,inabettermood,andlowerfeelingsoftimestressthanonthedaytheyboughtamaterialpurchase，’’saidWhillans.Thebiggestsurprisetotheresearcherswashowfewpeoplewouldspendmoneyontime-savingservices.Whentheyasked98workingadultshowtheywouldspenda“windfall”of$40，onlytwopercentnamedapurchasethatwouldsavethemtime.“Onereason，’’saidWhillans，isthatwe'reverybadatrememberinghowmuchwehatedoingcertaintasksoncethesufferinghaspassed.Thatmakesuslesslikelytotakeactivestepstoavoidthatoverburdenedfeelinginthefuture.”Butanotherpossiblecauseisgoodold-fashionedguilt.“Ifyoufeelguiltyaboutgettingsomeonetocleanyourhouseforyou,thenyoumightgetlesshappinessfromoutsourcing(外包）thattask，”saidWhillans，uoryoumightjustbelesslikelytospendyourmoneyinthatway.’’1、IntheCanadianexperiment,theparticipants.A．weredividedintotwogroupsB．weregiven$40everytwoweeksC．wereaskedtogivemoneytoaneighborJskidD．wereaskedtospendthemoneyindifferentways2、Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanmakepeoplelesstime-stressed?A．Payingmuchforaconcertticket.B．Takingaregularbustogettowork.C．Employingsomeonetocleanthegarden.D．Buyingthemselvesanexpensivepresent.3、Whenitcomestospendingmoneyon‘‘buyingtime”，.A．nopeoplewouldliketodoitB．a(chǎn)smallpercentageofpeoplechoosetodoitC．morepeoplewilldoitifextramoneyisgivenD．mostpeopleliketheideabutdon’tpracticeitinlife4、Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatoverburdenedfeeling”inParagraph6referto?A．Thegoodold-fashionedguilt.B．Thefeelingofspending’moneyongoods.C．Thestressofhavingsomeonecleanyourhouse.D．Thediscomfortwhencompletingtaskswehatedoing.22．（8分）Statistically,airtravelisbyfarthesafestwaytotravelandyoucanmakeflyingevensafer,justbyfollowingthesesimplerules．Asyourchancesofbeinginvolvedinanairaccidentarepracticallynil（零）,manyoftheserulesconcernwhatyoushouldandshouldn’tdotomakeyourjourneysaferwhenyouareintheair.●Flyonnon-stoproutesMostaccidentsoccurduringthetakeoff,climb,descentandlandingperiodofaflight,soflyingnon-stopreducesyourexposuretothesecomplicatedprocedures.●ChooselargeraircraftAlthoughsmallaircraftshaveverygoodsafetyrecords,thosewithmorethan30passengerseatsaredesignedtocomply（遵守）withmuchstricterregulationsandaretestedmoreregularlytomakesuretheystillcomply.Also,intheunlikelyeventofaseriousaccident,largeraircraftsprovideabetteropportunityforpassengersurvival.●Payattentiontothepre-flightsafetybriefing（簡報）Theinformationmayseemtoberepeated,butit'sworthlisteningtotheflightattendants.Andevenifyouhaveflownbefore,itdoesn'tmeanyouknoweverythingabouttheaircraftyou'reon,suchasthelocationoftheclosestemergencyexit.●StorethingssafelyNeverputveryheavyarticlesintheoverheadstoragebins.Theymayfalloutwhensomeoneopensthebinandcauseinjury.Also,thebinmaynotbeabletoholdheavierobjectsduringtheviolentmovementsofaircausedbythewind.●KeepyourseatbeltfastenedwhileyouareseatedCabincrewalwaystellyouthis,butit'simportant.Youcouldbeseriouslyinjurediftheplanehitstheviolentmovementofairunexpectedly.Alwaysfastenyourseatbeltifyouaretoldto.Thegeneralruleofflyingisthis:Ifyouaretoldtodosomething,doitfirstandaskquestionslater.●LettheflightattendantpouryourhotdrinksFlightattendantsaretrainedtohandlehotdrinkslikecoffeeorteainacrowdedaisleonamovingaircraft,soallowthemtopourthedrinkandhandittoyou.Neverasktotakeacoffeepotfromoneofthem.1、Whatisthegeneralreasonfortheseairsafetyrules?A．Whattodointheeventofacrash.B．Howtoavoidsuddenchange.C．Howtoimprovesafetywhileyouareflying.D．Howtoavoidinjury.2、Theunderlinedphrase"Thegeneralrule"inthefifthrefersto.A．a(chǎn)nythingtheflightstafftellyoutodoB．generalsafetyadviceC．walkingaroundtheplaneD．pouringhotdrinks3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．largerplaneshavemoresafetychecksandaresaferinanaccident.B．Take-offsaresaferonnon-stopflightsthanlanding.C．Everyaircraftisdifferent,sothesafetyproceduresmaybedifferent.D．Seatbeltsshouldbeworntoprotectagainstsuddenchange.4、Thebesttitleshouldbe.A．ThesafestwaytotravelB．AirsafetytipsC．Non-stopRoutesD．Howtotakeaplane23．（8分）DavidReesrunsatrulydistinctivebusiness.Hechargescustomers$15tosharpentheirpencilstoperfections,usingavarietyoftools.Iknowwhatyou'rethinking—isthisajoke?The39-year-oldgetsaskedthatquestionalot.Toclarifyeverything,heevencreatedaspecialsectiononhiswebsitetellingeveryonehe'sactuallyprovidingarealservice.YoucansupplyyourownpenciloryoucanhaveReessharpenoneofhisownfavorite2Bpencils.Afterthat,hemailsittoyouinadisplaytubewiththeshavingsinaseparatebag,andanauthenticcertificatewhichjusthappenstomentionthepencilissosharpastobeadangerousobject.Toachievethedesiredresult,themastersharpenerusesallkindsoftools,includinggeneralsandpapers,pocketknivesandevenaspecial$450sharpeningmachine."Itdependsonwhatthecustomerwantstousehis/herpencilfor,"hesays."Thatdeterminesthemostappropriatepencil-sharpeningtechnique.Somecustomersbuypencilsasinspirationalsymbolswhileothersbuythembecauseoftheirspecialmemoriesofclassic2Bpencils.$15tohaveapencilsharpenedisabitexpensivethough,right?You'renottheonlyonewhofeelsthatway,andDavid'suniquebusinesshasreallyangeredlotsofpeople,whotalkofinequalityinAmerica,sayingitissoinsaneforthewealthytopay$15tosharpenapencil.Butotherswillsay,"Thisisjustoururgetoputanendtothewelfarestatebecausenewideasarisealongwiththebusiness."Davidadmitshistradeissortofunusual.Buttherearethosewhoactuallyvaluehisservice,asprovenbytheover500ordershehasgotten.1、HowcouldDavidmakemoneybysharpeningpencils?A．Heinventednewtoolsforthejob.B．Hepromotedhisskillonhiswebsite.C．Hesavedlotsoftimeforotherpeople.D．Heprovidedqualityservicetohiscustomers.2、Fromhiswords,wecaninferthatDavidBees.A．knowsallkindsofpencilusers B．providespersonalizedservicesC．valuesideasbehindthepencils D．a(chǎn)lwayswritewithpencils3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insane"(inParagraph5)mean?A．Deliberate. B．Rewarding.C．Unreasonable. D．Irresponsible.4、Whatseemstobetheauthor'sattitudetoDavidBees'trade?A．It'safancyservice. B．Ithasagoodreputation.C．It'sawfullyexpensive. D．Itwastestimeandmoney.24．（8分）FerryServicesFareTableEffectivefrom1stApril2019.CashOnlyisacceptedonboardourFerries.ReturnFaresforMainlandtoBressay；MainlandtoWhalsay；MainlandtoYell；YelltoUnst.AllFaresareRETURN-PayableonoutboundjourneyonlyPassengerAdult￡5.50OAPs(WithSICPass)&Childrenupto19￡1.00DisabledConcessionarySICPassHolders￡0.00Adult10MultiJourneyTicket￡22.70Vehicles-FaresincludedriverVehiclesuptoandincluding5.50mReturn￡13.60MotorcyclesReturn￡11.00Motorhome5.5m-9m￡20.50Motorhome9m-12m￡23.50Motorhome12m+￡27.00Vehicle(<5.5m)10JourneyTicket￡90.00Motorcycle10JourneyTicket￡72.00*ForYelltoUnst,thefarepayableisthesameastheother“returnfare”routes.HoweverifyourjourneyoriginatedontheMainland(youhavehadtousetwoferriesonthesamedayorafter18：00fromthedaybefore)thenyouwillonlybechargedtheonefareonYell.PleaseretaintheticketyouweresoldontheYellferryforpresentingontheUnstferry.265、Howwillyoupayforyourticketontheferry?A．Incash. B．Bycreditcard.C．WithSICPass. D．Allofabove.1、Whichofthefollowingistrue?A．TheinformationaboveisnoteffectiveonChildren’sDay,2019.B．It’sfreeforthedisabledwithoutanSICpass.C．Thevehiclesfaresvaryinthesizesofthem.D．Youcanseethefareinformationfor3routesinthetable.2、Jack(10yearsold)andhisparentswilltravelfrommainlandtoWhalsayintheircar,howmuchwilltheypay?A．￡12.00 B．￡25.60C．￡20.10 D．￡21.003、Thebestmeaningoftheunderlinedword“return”is________.A．Theactofgiving,puttingorsendingsomethingback.B．Paymentorrewardforsomething.C．Achangebacktoapreviousstate.D．Aticketforajourneyfromoneplacetoanotherandbackagain.4、HowmuchwillbechargedifyougofrommainlandtoYell,thentoUnstonthesameday?A．￡11.00. B．￡5.50.C．￡6.50. D．￡22.70.25．（10分）Whensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,it’sso-and-so’sfault.”or“IknowPmlate,butit’snotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinner’skeytosuccess.Winnersaregreatatovercomingproblems.Forexample,ifyouwerelatebecauseyourcarbrokedown,maybeyouneedtohaveyourcarexaminedmoreregularly.Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcallforhelpwheninneed.Foranotherexample,ifyourcolleaguecausesyouproblemsonthejobforlackofresponsibilityorability,findwaysofdealingwithhisirresponsibilityorinabilityratherthansimplyblametheperson.Asktoworkwithadifferentperson,ordon’trelyonthisperson.Youshouldacceptthatthepersonisnotreliableandfindcreativewaystoworksuccessfullyregardlessofhowyourcolleaguefailstodohisjobwell.Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout—-creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon’thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”O(jiān)nceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstonesforsuccess.1、Accordingtothepassage，winners________.A．dealwithproblemsratherthanblameothersB．meetwithfewerdifficultiesintheirlivesC．haveresponsibleandablecolleaguesD．blamethemselvesratherthanothers2、Theunderlinedword“remedy”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．a(chǎn)void B．a(chǎn)cceptC．improve D．consider3、Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould________.A．findabetterwaytohandletheproblemB．blamehimforhislackofresponsibilityC．tellhimtofindthecauseoftheproblemD．a(chǎn)skamoreablecolleagueforhelp4、Whenproblemsoccur,winnerstakethemas________.A．excusesfortheirfailuresB．barrierstogreaterpowerC．challengestotheircolleaguesD．chancesforself-development5、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AWinner’sProblem.B．AWinner’sSecret.C．AWinner’sOpportunity.D．AWinner’sAchievement.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）Parents，theyareheretoclotheus，feedusand，embarrassus．Sixteenisa1ripeageforembarrassmentandpoorRainPriceofUtahwasno2Itwasthebeginningofhishighschoolyearandhisfirsttimeto3thebus．SoitwasreallyembarrassingwhenhisdadDale4himoff．Afterschool，he5hismomRochelletostopDalefromdoingitagain．Guesswhooverheard？ToRain's6，notonlydidthefatherdecidetogoonwavinghissongoodbye，7hedecidedtosendhimoffdressedincostume．Butthiswasn'taone﹣time8：Daledressedupindifferentclothesevery9dayfor170straightschooldays，"Whenhediditthefirstday，Iwasinshock．Youdon'twanttoseeyourdaddressingupinaweddingdress，wavingatyouonthe10．"RaintoldtheMetro，towhichhisdad11，"Ihopethisliveswithhimfortherestofhislife．"Dalemadehis12goodbyeonandon，fromtheLittleMermaidtotheWonderWoman．Dalebecame13asthe"WaveAtTheBusDad''，comingoutinthemoststrangeandfunnycostumesandneverrepeatingthesame14Hesaidheonlyspentaround$50thewholeyearandreliedonfriendsandneighborsto15himcostumeandothermaterials．Sothefamilycould16theincidentswiththerestoftheworld．Rochellecreatedablogto17allthecostumes．Rainisnowallgrownupat19．Hestill18Daleasablushingbride，"Intheend，itwasjust19．Iwaslaughingonthebusthewholeway．Iam20ofhim．1、A．hopefully B．slightly C．particularly D．quietly2、A．use B．way C．excuse D．exception3、A．ride B．see C．follow D．choose4、A．kissed B．waved C．hugged D．chased5、A．ordered B．begged C．a(chǎn)dvised D．persuaded6、A．joy B．sorrow C．relief D．disappointment7、A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．while8、A．event B．incident C．a(chǎn)ccident D．a(chǎn)ffair9、A．other B．busy C．single D．happy10、A．bus B．bike C．subway D．train11、A．stuck B．objected C．responded D．a(chǎn)dapted12、A．special B．beautiful C．considerate D．valuable13、A．regarded B．treated C．scolded D．known14、A．time B．look C．place D．location15、A．hand B．show C．lend D．a(chǎn)ward16、A．learn B．discuss C．share D．overcome17、A．document B．house C．book D．name18、A．doubted B．confused C．blamed D．remembered19、A．fun B．popularity C．reputation D．complaint20、A．critical B．confident C．a(chǎn)shamed D．proud第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Atonly12,MiltonHersheystopped1．(attend)schoolandbegantoworkforacandymakerinLancaster.There,helearnedtomixsugarandwatertomakecandyproducts,2．hemovedtoPhiladelphiatosetupacandystore.However,hisstorewasacomplete3．(fail).Sohe4．toLancasterandbeganmakingcaramels(焦糖)inhisownway—withfreshmilkandhemadeit.Thenin1893heboughtthechocolate-makingmachinesmadebyGermany.Hewasdevelopinga(an)5．(usual)plan—tobuildalargechocolatefactoryandatowntosupportit.Sosoonheboughtatown6．hesetuphischocolatefactoryinthefollowingyear.Thefactoryprovidedfreeaccommodationandallhisworkerslivedinit.Hefoundawaytomakelargeamountsofmilkchocolate.TheHersheyCandyCompanywasonitswaytosuccess.Today,inthetownofHersey,thestreetlights7．(shape)likethecandy.Theairoftensmells8．chocolate.AtHershey’sChocolateWorld,visitorscanlearn9．chocolateismade.Thisspecialtowncallus10．“TheSweetestPlaceonEarth.”第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Lastwintervacation，IwenttoHainanwithmyparentsonair、Wefirstwenttothebeach、Theskywasclearly，theseawasblueandthebeachwasverybeautiful、Whatwasimpressedmemostwasdiving、Isawsomuchcolorfultropicalfishes、Itwassoamazing、ThenwepayavisittotheEndsoftheEarth，whichIhaddreamedofgoto、Weappreciatedthebeautifulsceneryallthewayandtookmanyphoto、Duringthevisit，Itastedvariousdeliciouslocalfoods，amongthatIlikedseafoodmost、Thepeopletherewerefriendlyandsmilingfaceswerearoundusalltheway，whichmadeusexciting、Wehadawonderfultimethereanditwasunforgettablejourney、Ilookforwardtotravellingthereagain、第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）29．（25分）假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Chris將于10月來中國旅游，請你用英語給他寫封信。內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信的目的；2.來中國前做些準(zhǔn)備，如看一些有關(guān)中國文化的書，學(xué)會使用筷子等……注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫DearChris,Howiseverythingwithyou?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1、C2、C3、C4、C5、A6、D7、A8、D9、A10、C11、D12、C13、B14、B15、C16、D17、A18、A19、B20、A第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21、1、D2、C3、B4、D22、Spaceiswhereourfutureis—tripstotheMoon,Marsandbeyond.Mostpeoplewouldthinkthatasidefromcomets(彗星)andstars,thereislittleelseoutthere.But,sinceourspacejourneystartedwehaveleftsomuchtrash（垃圾）therethatscientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon'tcleanitup,wemayallbeinmortal（致命的）danger.Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedin1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperatingandlostitsconnectionwiththegroundcenter.However,sinceitkeptorbitingaroundtheEarthwithoutanyconsequences,scientistsbecameincreasinglycomfortableabandoning（拋棄）thingsthatnolongerservedanyusefulpurposeinspace.Itisestimated（估計）thattherearenowover500,000piecesofman-madetrashorbitingtheEarthatspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour.Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemillion-dollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.Themajorpr