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上海牛津小?學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法?知識(shí)總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?1、定義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)?生或習(xí)慣性?的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有?usual?ly,often?,every?day,somet?imes,alway?s,atweeke?nds,onSunda?ys等表示?經(jīng)常性時(shí)間?的短語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成:1)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是b?e動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+其他如:Iamastude?nt.HeisJim’sfathe?r.TheyarefromJapan?.2)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是行?為動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的構(gòu)成:①主語(yǔ)(非第三人稱(chēng)?單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如:Ioften?watch?TVattheweeke?nds.MrGreen?andMrsGreen?likecolle?cting?stamp?s.②主語(yǔ)(第三人稱(chēng)單?數(shù))+動(dòng)詞的第三?人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形?式+其他如:Jimusual?lyvisit?shisgrand?paren?tsonSunda?ys.Shesomet?imesgoestotheparkwithhermothe?r.3、動(dòng)詞三單形?式的變化規(guī)?則:一般情況下?,直接加s如:read-reads?,swim-swims?以s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾,加es如:wash-washe?s,watch?-watch?es,do-does以輔音字母?+y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加es如:study?-studi?es,fly-flies?不規(guī)則變化?如:have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?:肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句?及回答Theywatch?TVevery?day.Theydon’twatch?TVevery?day.—Dotheywatch?TVevery?day?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.Shewatch?esTVevery?day.Shedoesn?’twatch?TVevery?day.—Doesshewatch?TVevery?day?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn?’t.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?1、定義:表示現(xiàn)在或?現(xiàn)階段正在?進(jìn)行或發(fā)生?的動(dòng)作。句中常有n?ow,look,liste?n等詞。如:Iamwashi?ngcloth?esnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimb?ingthetree.Liste?n!Janeissingi?nginthemusic?room.2、構(gòu)成:be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分?詞(V-ing)3、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分?詞構(gòu)成:一般是在動(dòng)?詞原形后加?ing如:read-readi?ng,drink?-drink?ing,eat-eatin?g,look-looki?ng以不發(fā)音的?e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)?詞,去掉e,再加ing?如:write?-writi?ng,make-makin?g,ride-ridin?g,take-takin?g以重讀閉音?節(jié)結(jié)尾,如末尾只有?一個(gè)輔音字?母,要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)?字母,再加ing?如:sit-sitti?ng,swim-swimm?ing,put-putti?ng,run-runni?ng,stop-stopp?ing,get-getti?ng,begin?-begin?ning,jog-joggi?ng,forge?t-forge?tting?4、動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)?就是動(dòng)詞的?現(xiàn)在分詞,它既有名詞?性質(zhì)(可作主語(yǔ)),又有動(dòng)詞性?質(zhì)(可帶賓語(yǔ))。如:Askin?gthewayMyhobby?iscolle?cting?stamp?s.Heisgoodatskati?ng.5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?:肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句?及回答Heisrunni?ngnow.Heisn’trunni?ngnow.—Isherunni?ngnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakin?gapuppe?t.Theyaren’tmakin?gapuppe?t.—Aretheymakin?gapuppe?t?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.一般過(guò)去時(shí)?1、定義:表示過(guò)去某?個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)?生的動(dòng)作或?存在的狀態(tài)?。常和表示過(guò)?去的時(shí)間狀?語(yǔ)連用,如:amomen?tago,justnow,yeste?rday,lastweek,thismorni?ng等。如:Mybroth?eroften?wenttoschoo?lbybikelastterm.Thewatch?wasbesid?ethediary?amomen?tago.Iwatch?edthemoonandatethemooncakes?lastMid-Autum?nFesti?val.Jimwenttothesuper?marke?tyeste?rday.2、構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去?式+其他3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?的變化規(guī)則?:一般在動(dòng)詞?原形末尾加?ed如:play-playe?d,liste?n-liste?ned,look-looke?d結(jié)尾是e的?動(dòng)詞,加d如:live-lived?,like-liked?,taste?-taste?d輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)?詞,變y為i,再加ed如:study?-studi?ed,carry?-carri?ed,cry-cried?末尾只有一?個(gè)輔音字母?的重讀閉音?節(jié)詞,雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔?音字母,再加ed如:stop-stopp?ed,plan-plann?ed不規(guī)則變化?如:am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-bough?tcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)?的句型轉(zhuǎn)換?肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句?及回答Hewatch?edTVyeste?rday.Hedidn’twatch?TVyeste?rday.—Didhewatch?TVyeste?rday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.Theyplaye?dgames?justnow.Theydidn’tplaygames?justnow.—Didtheyplaygames?justnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.一般將來(lái)時(shí)?1、定義:表示將要發(fā)?生的動(dòng)作或?存在的狀態(tài)?,以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備?某事。句中一般含?有表示將來(lái)?的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?,如:tomor?rowmorni?ng,nextweek,thisafter?noon等?表示將來(lái)的?時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2、構(gòu)成:①begongto+動(dòng)詞原形如:Iamgoing?toseeaBeiji?ngopera?tomor?row.Wearegoing?tomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.DadandIaregoing?toseeaBeiji?ngopera?thisafter?noon.②will+動(dòng)詞原形如:Theywillgoswimm?ingthisafter?noon.3、begoing?to和will?區(qū)別:①begoing?to表示經(jīng)?過(guò)事先安排?、打算或決定?要做的事情?,基本上一定?會(huì)發(fā)生;will則?表示有可能?去做,但不一定發(fā)?生,也常表示說(shuō)?話人的臨時(shí)?決定。如:Iamgoing?totakepartinaparty?thiseveni?ng.Theyareclean?ingthelibra?rynow.I’llgoandjointhem.②begoing?to表示近?期或眼下就?要發(fā)生的事?情;will表?示的將來(lái)時(shí)?間則較遠(yuǎn)一?些。如:Heisgoing?towrite?alette?rtomor?row.Iwillmeetheroneday.③begoing?to還可以?用來(lái)表示有?跡象表明某?件事將要發(fā)?生,常用于天氣?等自然現(xiàn)象?。如:Look!It’sgoing?torain.4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)?句型轉(zhuǎn)換:肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句?及回答Sheisgoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row.Sheisn’tgoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row.—Isshegoing?tohaveapicni?ctomor?row?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Theywillgoswimm?ingthisafter?noon.Theywillnot(won’t)goswimm?ingthisafter?noon.—Willtheygoswimm?ingthisafter?noon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.句法1、陳述句說(shuō)明事實(shí)或?陳述說(shuō)話人?觀點(diǎn)的句子?。基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他1)肯定陳述句?Wealllikepanda?sverymuch.2)否定陳述句?Hedoesn?’tdohouse?workatweeke?nds3)肯定陳述句?改否定陳述?句①一般是在b?e動(dòng)詞或情?態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加?not。Marywasatschoo?lyeste?rday.—>Marywasnotatschoo?lyeste?rday.Icanmakeamodel?plane?.—>Icannotmakeamodel?plane?.②不含be動(dòng)?詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)?詞的,行為動(dòng)詞前?要用助動(dòng)詞?的否定式(don’t,doesn?’t,didn’t),后面跟動(dòng)詞?的原形。Helikes?drawi?ngpictu?res.—>Hedoesn?’tlikedrawi?ngpictu?res.Iwenttotheparkyeste?rday.—>Ididn’tgototheparkyeste?rday.4)陳述句改一?般疑問(wèn)句①有be動(dòng)詞?或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?的,把be動(dòng)詞?或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?提前。Marywasatschoo?lyeste?rday.—>WasMaryatschoo?lyeste?rday?Icanmakeamodel?plane?.—>Canyoumakeamodel?plane??②不含be動(dòng)?詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)?詞的句子,借助助動(dòng)詞?開(kāi)頭,動(dòng)詞還原成?原形。Helikes?drawi?ngpictu?res.—>Doeshelikedrawi?ngpictu?res.Iwenttotheparkyeste?rday.—>Didyougototheparkyeste?rday?2、疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)?題,詢(xún)問(wèn)情況的?句子,末尾用問(wèn)號(hào)?。1)一般疑問(wèn)句?:一般疑問(wèn)句?常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)?一件事是否?屬實(shí),通常以be?動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞或情?態(tài)動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭?,用yes或?no來(lái)回答?,因此又叫是?非疑問(wèn)句,通常讀升調(diào)??!狪sMrGreen?fromtheUK?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.—Doyouhaveanyhobbi?es?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.—Canyouplaytheguita?r?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.2)特殊疑問(wèn)句?:以特殊疑問(wèn)?詞引導(dǎo),要求回答具?體問(wèn)題,不能用ye?s或no來(lái)?回答?!狧owdoyougotoworkevery?day?—Igotoworkbycar.3)選擇疑問(wèn)句?:提供兩種或?兩種以上情?況,讓對(duì)方選擇?,往往用or?連接。—Would?youlikesometeaorcoffe?e?—Somecoffe?e,pleas?e.4)反意疑問(wèn)句?:反意疑問(wèn)句?是由陳述句?和附在其后?的附加疑問(wèn)?句組成。—It’safineday,isn’tit?—Yes,itis.3、祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或?命令別人做?某事或不做?某事。1)用于第二人?稱(chēng),通常省略y?ou。①肯定祈使句?:Openthedoor,pleas?e.②否定祈使句?:Don’tbelateagain?.2)用于第一人?稱(chēng)和第三人?稱(chēng),通常以le?t(let后跟?賓格)或shal?l開(kāi)頭。Letmehavealook.Let’splayagamenow.Lethimgohomenow.Shall?wemeetatonethirt?yinfront?oftheGarde?nTheat?re?4、感嘆句表達(dá)喜怒哀?樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感?情,句尾常用感?嘆號(hào)(!),語(yǔ)氣用降調(diào)?。1)what+名詞或名詞?性短語(yǔ)Whatabiggarde?n(itis)!What

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