現(xiàn)當代漢語語法研究

現(xiàn)當代漢語語法研究（ModernChinesegrammarresearch）

Guangdonghighereducationselfstudyexamination

ModernChineseGrammarStudiesCourseCode:00821)examinationsyllabus

Catalog

First,thenatureandpurposeofthecourse

Two,curriculumcontentandassessmentobjectives

Chapter1Grammarandgrammar

Thesecondchapterisaboutgrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaning

ThethirdchapterisaboutthefeaturesofChinesegrammar

ThefourthchapterisaboutthefactorsofChinesesentencemeaning

Thefifthchapterisabouttheclassificationofwords

Thesixthchapterisaboutthesubjectandobject

Theseventhchapterisabouttheanalytichierarchyprocessandrelatedquestions

Theeighthchapterisaboutthetransformationofsentencepatterns

Theninthchapterisaboutthegrammaticalstructureandsemanticstructure

Thetenthchapterisabouttheambiguoussentence

Theeleventhchapterishowtolearnwritinggrammar

Three,ontheoutlineoftheinstructionsandassessmentrequirements

(1)instructionsontheuseofthissyllabusforselftaughtcandidates;

(two)instructionsontheuseofthissyllabusbysocialstudents

(three)instructionsontheuseofthisoutlinebytestcandidates

Examplesofappendixquestions

First,thenatureofthecourseandthepurposeofstudy

ModernChinesegrammarisanelectivecourseforundergraduatesmajoringinchinese.ThiscourseintroducesthebasictheoriesandmethodsofmodernChinesegrammarandhowtoapplythemtotheanalysisofmodernchinese.Theself-studyexamshouldbeamoresystematicunderstandingofChinesegrammarhistory,Chinesegrammar,grammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaning,formthesentencemeaningfactors,classificationofwords,theguestlanguageproblems,ambiguoussentences,grammaticalstructureandsemanticstructureandotheraspectsofthebasictheory,thesolutionofthelevelofanalysis,transformanalysis,semanticgridanalysis,semanticanalysisofbasicresearchmethods,andtousethetheoryandmethodofanalysisofChinesegrammar.

Thecourseisdividedintoelevenchapters,thefifthchapter,theclassificationproblemaboutthewordsontheseventhchapterofAHPandrelatedproblems,theeighthchapterisaboutthetransformationofthesentenceandtheninthchapterofgrammaticalstructureandsemanticstructureisakeychapter.Theeleventhchapterisanoptionalchapterforstudentstoreadbythemselves.Therestaregeneralchapters.

Two,self-studycontentandassessmentobjectives

Chapter1Grammarandgrammar

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,abriefhistoryofknowledgecontentandgrammarcontainstheconcept,grammarlearning,especiallytounderstandtheChinesegrammarexperiencedembryonicimitationandinnovation,exploretherevitalizationandprosperityofthreehistoricalperiods.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

The1.foreignlanguagelawhasundergonefourstages:traditionalgrammar,historicalcomparativegrammar,descriptivegrammarandtransformationalgenerativegrammar.2.,thelawofChineselanguageisonlyonehundredyearsoldandcanbedividedintothreestages.Oneistheinitialperiod,imitation(1898-1936),arepresentativeofthetwopart:MaJianzhong's"Mashiwentong",itisChina'sfirstsystematicgrammarworks.Itscoreis"wordstandard"".TheLiJinxi's"newChinesegrammar",thisisthefirstinthevernaculartodescribetheobjectgrammarsystem,whichischaracterizedby"onesentence".Twoistoexplorethereformperiod(1936to1949),againstthesimpleimitation,forthecharacteristicsofChinesegrammarbyWesterngrammartheory,themostrepresentativeworksofthree:Wangforce"Chinese","Chinesemoderngrammargrammartheory";theLvShuxiang"Chinagrammaroutline";the"ChinesehighMingkaigrammartheory".Thethreeistherevitalizationandprosperity(1949now),theearlyliberationpublishedthemostcharacteristicoftwobooks:LvShuxiangandZhuDexi's"grammaticalrhetoricspeech";DingShengshuwaiting"speech"ofmodernChinesegrammar.Severalimportantbringorderoutofchaosafterthepublicationofthebooks,suchasLvShuxiangeditorof"modernChinese"eighthundredwords,his"moderngrammaticalanalysis",ZhuDexi's"grammar","modernChinesegrammarstudy","grammarquestion"etc..

(two)comprehend:

1.whatisgrammar?2.grammarcontent.

Thesecondchapterisaboutgrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaning

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,tounderstandtheconceptofgrammaticalformandgrammaticalforms,understandthespecificcharacteristicsofgrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaning,understandingthecomplexrelationshipbetweengrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaning,infactknowhowtostudythegrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaningtogether.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.grammaticalform;2.grammaticalmeaning.

(two)comprehend:

1.thebasicfeaturesofgrammaticalforms;2.thebasicfeaturesofgrammaticalmeaning;3.grammaticalformsandgrammaticalmeanings.

(three)comprehensiveapplication:

Infactinvestigation,doagoodcombinationofformandmeaning.

ThethirdchapterisaboutthefeaturesofChinesegrammar

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanunderstandthebasicfeaturesofmodernChinesegrammar,

Buttherearesomespecialformthatthelackofgeneralizedmorphology,lackofcomprehensiveanalysisofthegrammaticalcategorybutsomegrammaticalcategories,lexicalcategoryandsentenceelementsdoesnotexistbetweenonetoonerelationship,sentencestructureprincipleandphrasecompositionprincipleisconsistent,wordorderandfunctionwordsisanimportantgrammaticalmeans.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.forms;2.grammaticalcategories.

(two)comprehend:

1.Chineselacksspecialform,buttherearesomegeneralizedforms;2.Chineselackscomprehensivegrammarcategory,buttherearesomeanalysisofthegrammaticalcategory;thereisnoone-to-onerelationshipbetween3.Chineselexicalcategoryandsentencestructure;theprincipleofstructureandprincipleof4.Chinesesentencesandphrasesarebasicallythesame;5.Chinesewordorderhasanimportantroleintheformofgrammaticalrelations;6.wordsisoneoftheimportantmeansofChinesesyntacticstructure.

(three)simpleapplication:

ThemainfeaturesofmodernChinesegrammar.

ThefourthchapterisaboutthefactorsofChinesesentencemeaning

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanfindoutwhataresentences,whatisthemeaningofsentencesandwhatfactorsconstitutethemeaningofsentences.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.sentences;2.sentencesmeaning.

(two)comprehend:

Therearesixfactorsthatconstitutesentencemeaning:thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofA.constituentwords.TheorderofwordsinB..C.combinationhierarchy.D.grammaticalstructurerelation.E.semanticstructurerelationship.F.tone.

(three)simpleapplication:

Therelationbetweensentencemeaningandinformation.

Thefifthchapterisabouttheclassificationofwords

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanunderstandthemeaningofpartsofspeechinmodernChinese,understandthespecificstandardsoftheclassificationofpartsofspeech,recognizethewordclasssystemofmodernChinese,andclassifyrelevantwordsandphrasesbyusingrelevanttheoreticalknowledge.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.2.words3.words;lexicalcategory.

(two)comprehend:

1.accordingtothemeaningofthewordtowords,actuallywork;2.accordingtothemorphologicalchangesofthelexicalcategoryisactuallynotdivision,3.division;lexicalcategorycanonlybebasedonacombinationofwords;4.Chineselexicalcategorysystem.

(three)simpleapplication:

Grammaticalfeaturesofvarioustypesofwords.

(four)comprehensiveapplication

The1.partofspeechdiscrimination;thephenomenonofcategory2.wordinmodernchinese.

Thesixthchapterisaboutthesubjectandobject

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanunderstandthestandardofdivisionofsubjectandobjectinmodernChinese,understandtheconceptofsubjectandobject,andanalyzespecificlinguisticfacts.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.subject;2.object.

(two)comprehend:

The1.divisionisnotsubjectandobjectasthestandardtodividethe2.principalmeaning;cannotobject,purewordorderasthestandard;the3.meaningandwordordercombineddivisionofsubjectandobjectdoesnotwork;4.shouldtakethegrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaningcombineddivisionofsubjectandobject;5.,themainanalysisobjectoffacts.

(three)comprehensiveapplication:

Combinegrammaticalformandgrammaticalmeaningtoanalyzethesubjectandobject.

Theseventhchapterisabouttheanalytichierarchyprocessandrelatedquestions

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanunderstandthehierarchicalandhierarchicalanalysisoflanguage,understandthefunction,structureandmeaningprincipleofhierarchicalanalysis,understandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofanalytichierarchyprocess,andapplyanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)tolinguisticfacts.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.extensions;2.substitutions;3.syntacticstructurelevels;4.levelsanalysis;5.generalizedisomorphism;6.narrowisomorphism.

(two)comprehend:

Theprincipleof1.levelanalysis:functionalprinciple,meaningprincipleandstructuralprinciple.The2.layermethoddealswiththespecialstructure.

(three)simpleapplication:

1.,thespecifictypesofsyntacticstructureinChinese;theadvantagesanddisadvantagesof2.centralwordanalysisandanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP).

(four)comprehensiveapplication:

Analysisofconcretesyntacticstructurebyanalytichierarchyprocess.

Theeighthchapterisaboutthetransformationofsentencepatterns

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,understandthesentencetransformation,understandthesameprincipleofsentencetransformationandparallelprinciple,understandingofsentencetransformationanalysisconditionsentencetransformationandmeaning,andusingthetransformanalysisoflinguisticfacts.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.sentencepatterntransformation;2.identityprinciple;3.parallelprinciple.

(two)comprehend:

1.,theconcretecontentoftheprincipleofidentity;theconcretecontentofthe2.principlesofparallelism;3.,theconcreteconditionsofrestrictingthetransformationofsentencepatterns;andthefunctionofthe4.transformanalysis.

(three)comprehensiveapplication:

Syntacticstructureusingtransformationanalysis.

Theninthchapterisaboutthegrammaticalstructureandsemanticstructure

I.Basicrequirements

Learnthroughthischapter,

Understandthegrammaticalstructureandsemanticstructure,semanticunderstandingofwhatthecategoriesandrelatedpredicates,understandthesemanticcategoriesandrelatedsentences,understandthefeatures,adverbialandcomplementsemanticorientation,understandingtherelationshipbetweengrammaticalstructureandsemanticfeatures,andanalyzethelanguagefactsandapplyingrelatedmethods.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements:

(a):

1.grammaticalfeatures:2.semanticstructure;3.zeropredicate;4.unidirectionalpredicate;5.bidirectionalpredicate;6.threedirectionalpredicate;7.dynamicmeaning;8.staticmeaning;9.semanticdirection.

(two)comprehend:

1.specifictypesofsemanticpredicatesto2.;classification;specificsemantictypesand3.sentencesrelated;4.specifictypesofsemanticorientation;5.specifictypesofadverbialsemanticpoint;6.specifictypesofattributivesemanticpoint.

(three)simpleapplication:

Therelationshipbetweengrammaticalstructureandsemanticstructure.

(four)comprehensiveapplication:

1.,analyzingsemanticlattices;2.analyzingthedirectionofverbs;3.analyzingthesemanticdirectionofattributes,adverbialsandcomplements.

Thetenthchapterisabouttheambiguoussentence

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,wecanfindoutwhatarethetypesofambiguoussentencesandambiguoussentences,understandthesuperficialforms,featuresanddeepformationfactorsofsemanticstructure,anduserelevantmethodstodifferentiateambiguoussentences.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

(a):

1.ambiguoussentences;morethan2.semanticwords

(two)comprehend:

1.,thetypesofambiguoussentences;2.,thefactorsthatformthesemanticstructureambiguity;3.,thesurfaceformcharacteristicsofsemanticstructureambiguity.

(three)simpleapplication:

Differentiatedambiguoussentence.

(four)comprehensiveapplication:

Analytichierarchyprocess(AHP),transformationanalysisandsemanticstructureanalysisareappliedtoanalyzetheambiguouslanguagestructure.

Theeleventhchapterishowtolearnwritinggrammar

I.Basicrequirements

Throughthestudyofthischapter,understandthebasicknowledgeofwritinggrammarpapers,andmakespecificwriting.

Two,assessmentobjectivesandassessmentrequirements

Integratedapplication:

Writinggrammar,academicpaper.

Three,ontheoutlineoftheinstructionsandassessmentrequirements

ThissyllabusisthebasisforcompilingtheteachingmaterialsofmodernChinesegrammarforhighereducationself-studyexamination,aswellasthebasisfortheexaminationofthiscourse.Itisalsothebasisforindividualselfstudyandsocialassistance.Anydesignatedexaminationbookorreferencebook,ifthecontentisoutofaccordancewiththisoutline,shallbebasedonthisoutlinefortheappropriateincreaseordecrease.

(I)ontheuseofteachingmaterials

Specifytheuseoftextbooks:"modernChinesegrammar"(RevisedEdition),FuYuxian,Guangdong,highereducationpress,revisedApril1994first,July2003eighthprinting.

(two)instructionsontheuseofthissyllabusforselftaughtcandidates

1.self-studyexaminationshouldbebasedontheoutlineoftheself-studycontentandassessmentobjectives,seriouslystudythedesignatedteachingmaterialsandreferencebooks.Inthelearningprocess,wemustcontrolselfcontentandtheappraisalgoalsetbytheprogram,understandandgrasptheteachingmaterialofeachchapterofcontentknowledge,strivetogether,notonlyknowthese,butalsoknowwhy.

2.self-studyshouldbebasedontherequirementsofthisoutlineforthinkingandpractice,inordertodeepentheunderstandingofthecontentoftheteachingmaterials,andinitiallyhavetheabilitytousetheknowledgelearnedtoanalyzetheactuallanguagephenomenon.

(three)instructionsontheuseofthissyllabusbysocialstudents

1.socialassistanceshouldbebasedontheprovisionsoftheoutlineofthenatureofthecourseandteachingpurposes,accordingtothesyllabusisattachedforthelevelofthecourseofvariouskindsofquestions,theknowledgesystemofthecoursesandrequirementsshouldbeselfanalysismethodandthetestcontrolanalysisabilityoforganicallycombined,whichembodiestheguidingthecourseofsocialaid.

2.,socialstudentsshouldbebasedonthecontentoftheself-studyprogramandtheassessmentobjectives,earnestlystudytheGuangdonghighereducationself-studyexaminationmaterial"modernChinesegrammar".Inthestudentaidprocess,payattentiontothefollowingpoints:

Althoughthechaptersofthe2.1teachingmaterialarerelativelyindependent,theyhavesomeinternalrelationswitheachother.Inthecourseofstudentaid,itisnotappropriatetotakethekeycounselingsection.

Thecontentsofeachchapterofthe2.2textbooksarearrangedaccordingtocertainlogicalrelations,andarearrangedaccordingtotheprinciplesofgradualprogressandgradualprogress.Intheprocessofstudentaid,wemuststepupstepbystep,andmakeeveryefforttolettheself-taughtlearnersstudyandmastertheknowledgeprovidedbytheteachingmaterials.

2.3intheaidprocess,andstrivetoclarifyingthebasicconcepts,tomakeself-studycandidatestaughttounderstandthecontentofteachingmaterials.

3.,thesocialstudentinthestudentaidprocessshouldbebasedontheoutlineoftheself-studycontentandassessmentobjectives,thefocusofthestudyfocusedontheactualapplicationabilityofthecandidates.Therefore,weshouldpayattentiontothefollowingpointsintheprocessofstudentaid:

3.1,donotjustteachthecontentoftheteachingmaterials,butalsointhecourseofstudentaid,moreexamples,

Anumberofexercisesshouldbearrangedfortheself-taughtlearners.

3.2,don'tjustasktheself-taughtlearnerstomemorizetheconceptsandterms,andtrytoguidethecandidatestolearnhowtoapplythevariousmethodstaughtinthetextbooks.Theycananalyzeanddealwithallkindsofpracticallanguagematerials.

(four)explainthecontentandpurposeoftheexamination

1.,thiscourserequirescandidatestolearnandgraspthecontentofknowledge,contentasassessmentcontent.Thecontentsofeachchapterinthecoursearemadeupofseveralknowledgepointsandbecometheexaminationknowledgepointsintheself-studyexamination.Therefore,theexaminationcontentinthesyllabusofselftaughtcurriculumexaminationisgivenintheformof"decomposing"into"examiningknowledgepoints".Becauseeachknowledgepointisinthecoursetheposition,thefunctionaswellastheknowledgeitselfcharacteristicisdifferent,theself-studyexaminationwilleachknowledgespotseparatelyaccordingtofourcognition(orability)leveltodetermineitsexaminationrequest.

2.fourproficiencylevelsfromlowtohighare:memory;understand;application;application.

Remember:tocorrectlyunderstandandexpressthescientificfacts,principle,termsandrules,knowthebasicknowledgeofthecourse,andcanchooseandjudgetheright.

Theabilitytointerpret,sumup,comprehend,orunderstandthemeaningofaconceptorprincipleinrelationtootherconceptsorprinciples,tounderstanditsextendedmeaning,andtomakecorrectstatementsandinterpretations.

Simpleuse:canusetheconcepts,principles,methods,correctlyanalyzeandsolvesimpleproblems,withtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolvegeneralproblems.

Integratedapplication:canflexiblyusetheknowledgethathasbeenstudied,analyzeandsolvecomplexproblems,andhavetheabilitytosolvepracticalproblems.

(five)someprovisionsonexaminationproposition

1.thebasicrequirements,knowledgepointsandthedetailedknowledgeoftheknowledgeundereachchapteroftheoutlinearethecontentsoftheexamination.Examinationpropositionshouldcoverthechapter,butalsoavoidallaspects.Attentionshouldbepaidtothefocusofthecurriculum,chapters,focus,andincreasethecoverageofkeycontent.

2.,thepropositionshouldnotexceedtheoutlineoftheexaminationofthescopeofknowledgepoints,theassessmenttargetshallnotbehigherthantheoutlineofthecorrespondingrequirementsofthehighestlevelofcompetence.Thepropositionshouldfocusonassessingwhetherthescholarunderstandsorgraspsthebasicconcepts,basicknowledgeandbasictheories,andwhetherornotthebasicmethodscanbeusedormastered.Shouldnotbeinconsistentwiththebasicrequirementsortrickyquestionstrangequestions.

3.thecourserequirementsfordifferentlevelsofabilityintestscoresisroughly:understandingmemorizingaccountedfor20%,accountedfor30%,accountingfor30%ofthecomprehensiveapplicationofsimpleapplication,accountedfor20%.

4.,itisnecessarytoreasonablyarrangethedifficultydegreeofthetestquestions.Thedifficultyofthetestquestionscanbedividedintofourgrades:easy,easy,difficultanddifficult.

Thepercentageofeachdifficultyquestionineachtestpaperis:2:3:3:2.

Itmustbenotedthatthedegreeofdifficultyinthetestisrelatedtothelevelofcompetence,butthetwoarenotequal.Therearedifferentdegreesofdifficultyfordifferentcandidatesatalllevelsofcompetence.Thisshouldbehighlightedintheoutline,andcandidatesshouldbecautionednottobeconfused.

5.theexaminationpropositionsofthiscoursearebasedonthisoutline.Iftheexaminationbookorreferencebookspecifiedisinconsistentwiththecontentofthestudyandthetargetofexaminationasprescribedinthisoutline,thesyllabusshallprevail.

6.eachexaminationtopicinthiscourseisbasedontheself-studycontentandtheassessmenttargetstipulatedinthissyllabustodeterminethecontent,scope,abilitylevelandexaminationpointoftheproposition.

6.1thiscourseeachexaminationpropositionshouldincludebasicknowledgeandpracticalapplicationoftwoaspects.Thebasicknowledgeincludesalltheknowledgethatistaughtbytheteachingmaterial,andthepracticalapplicationmainlyreferstotheclassification,analysisandexplanationofthegivenlanguagematerialsbythemethodtaughtbytheteachingmaterials.

6.2thelanguagematerialsusedintheexaminationshouldtakeintoaccountboththedesignatedteachingmaterialsandthereferencebookswithinandbeyondthetwoaspects,butthedesignatedteachingmaterialsandreferencesinthereferencelangu