英語語言學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

英語語言學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年Modernlinguistsbelievethatspokenlanguagerevealsmoretruefeaturesofhumanlanguage,thustheygettheirdataforlinguisticresearchmainlyfromspeech.

答案:對(duì)Translation(僅使用小寫字母)雙重性

______

答案:dualityTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)移位

______

答案:displacementTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)規(guī)定式的______

答案:prescriptiveTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)語言能力______

答案:competenceDesignfeaturesarethedefiningp___ofhumanlanguagethatd___itfromanyanimalsystemofc___.

答案:properties;distinguish;communicationIflanguagewerenots____,itcouldnotbelearnedorusedconsistently.

答案:systematicLanguageisasystemof________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

答案:arbitraryTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)歷時(shí)的______

答案:diachronicLanguageisentirelyarbitrary.

答案:錯(cuò)Abouttwothirdsofthelanguagesintheworldnowadayshavenothadwrittenlanguage.

答案:對(duì)Dualityisalsotermeddoublearticulation.Thearticulationofwordsorotherm____

unitsistheprimaryarticulation,thatofp____

unitswithinwordsthesecondaryarticulation.

答案:meaningful;phonologicalWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmodernlinguisticsarecorrect?

答案:Mostmodernlinguisticstudiesaresynchronic;Modernlinguisticsisscientificandthusobjective;Modernlinguistsnormallycollecttheirdatafromspokenlanguage英語中的三個(gè)鼻輔音的共同特點(diǎn)是軟腭下垂，_______通道被完全堵住，________只能從鼻腔泄出。

答案:口腔;氣流英語的5個(gè)后元音中，除了/a:/之外，另外4個(gè)全部都是_______元音。

答案:圓唇英語中共有_____個(gè)元音，其中______個(gè)單元音，_______個(gè)雙元音。（答案使用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字填寫）

答案:20;12;8英語中的6個(gè)爆破音是/__/,

/__/,

/__/,

/__/,

/__/和/__/。

答案:p;b;t;d;k;g發(fā)音部位是指發(fā)________過程中氣流受到阻礙的地方。

答案:輔音以下哪些輔音是按照發(fā)音方法分類而產(chǎn)生的？

答案:鼻音;摩擦音;破擦音單元音發(fā)音時(shí)的三大要素是______。

答案:開口度;舌位;唇形發(fā)生不完全爆破的情況包括_________。

答案:任意兩個(gè)爆破音相鄰時(shí);爆破音后接摩擦音時(shí);爆破音后接破擦音時(shí)英語中輔音的發(fā)音可以從_______方面學(xué)習(xí)。

答案:發(fā)音部位;發(fā)音方法前元音、中元音、后元音的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是元音發(fā)音時(shí)的舌位，即舌的________的前后位置。

答案:最高點(diǎn)輔音/t,d,s,z,n,l/都屬于_________.

答案:齒齦音英語中開口度最大的音是/a:/，最小的是/___/和/u:/。

答案:i:輔音連綴/sp/,/st/,sk/中的/p/,/t/,/k/是否送氣？

答案:不送氣元音與輔音區(qū)分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是__________。

答案:發(fā)音過程中氣流是否受到阻礙1.

miracle

→

奇跡的_______________2.

fear

→

可怕的_______________3.

mad

→

使發(fā)狂_______________4.

desire

→

合意的_______________5.

benefit

→

有益的_______________

答案:miraculous;fearsome;madden;desirable;beneficial1.

found

→

基礎(chǔ)_______________2.

history

→

歷史學(xué)家_______________3.

member

→

會(huì)員資格，會(huì)員身份_____4.

violin

→

小提琴家_______________5.

heir

→

女繼承人_______________

答案:foundation;historian;membership;violinist;heiress/star3/375_1024/fd8a49447b56604911ccac2a4a5c8bea.png

答案:abdicate;abolished;abducting;abridged;abandoned/star3/375_1024/5fb43a65adbf5e71737b56bf6a8cfe56.png

答案:exceptional;excels;excessive;exalt;exacerbated1.

spoon

→

一勺之量_______________2.

urgent

→

緊急的事_______________3.

proficient

→

熟練_______________4.

acquaint

→

熟人_______________5.

script

→

手稿，文件_______________

答案:spoonful;urgency;proficiency;acquaintance;scripture;manuscript1.

origin

→

引起，起源于_____________2.

valid

→

使有效_______________3.

sharp

→

削尖，磨快_______________4.

test

→

證明，作證_______________5.

category

→

分類_______________

答案:originate;validate;sharpen;testify;categorizeInprinciplestressmayfallonanywordoranysyllable.

答案:對(duì)Phonetics

focusesonthespeechsoundsofaspecificlanguage.

答案:錯(cuò)Theplaceofarticulationreferstothedifferentvocalorgansordifferentpartsofvocalorganswhichareinvolvedintheproductionofaparticularvowel.

答案:錯(cuò)Tongue

andvelumare

themostflexiblespeechorgans

andhelpproducemostspeechsounds.

答案:錯(cuò)Whenyousay“Don'tsaythat”,you're

objectivesinceyourstatementisbasedonfacts.

答案:錯(cuò)Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.

答案:錯(cuò)Thefactthatchildrencanspeakbeforetheycanreadorwriteshowsthatlanguageisarbitrary.

答案:錯(cuò)Aphonemeisnotanyparticularsounds,butana____

unitthatisrealizedbyacertainp____

inacertainphoneticcontext.

答案:abstract;phoneVowelscanbecategorizedintof____,centralandbackvowelsaccordingtowhichpartoftongueisheldh____.

答案:front;highest“Howdoyoudo?”isusedtoestablishanatmosphereormainsocialcontactbetweenthespeakerandthehearer,anditperformsthes____

function,alsoreferredtoasphaticori____

function.

答案:social;interpersonalThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectspeaksstronglyforthea____

natureoflanguage.

答案:arbitraryLinguisticshasfirmlyestablisheditsplaceasamajorbranchofhumantiesands____sciences,withasetofestablishedt______,methodsandsub-branches.

答案:social;theoriesThetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalled_________transcription.

答案:narrowThespeechsoundsegmentsthatcandistinguishorcontrastwordsinsoundandmeaningare__________.

答案:phonemesGivethephoneticsymbolforthefollowingsounddescription:voiced,nasal,alveolar.

[____]

答案:nThesmallsignsthatareaddedtotheletter-symbolsintheIPAtobringoutthefinerdistinctionthanthelettersalonecanpossiblydoarecalledd_______.

答案:diacriticsTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)雙重性

______

答案:dualityTranslation(僅使用小寫字母)歷時(shí)的______

答案:diachronicThe

______

function

refers

to

the

fact

that

language

can

be

used

for

establishing

a

favorable

atmosphere

or

maintaining

social

contact

rather

than

for

exchanging

information

or

ideas.

答案:phatic;social;interpersonal______

makesit

possible

for

human

beings

to

learn

different

languages.

答案:Culturaltransmission___________

provides

its

users

anopportunity

to

talk

about

a

wide

rangeof

things,

free

from

barriers

caused

by

remoteness

in

time

and

place.

答案:DisplacementBy_____ismeantthepropertyofhavingtwolevesofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.

答案:dualityWhichofthefollowingstatementsarecorrect?

答案:Wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideas,etc.byconvention;Theprimarymediumforalllanguagesissound;Languageisasystemofsymbols;LanguageisinstrumentalandisusedforhumancommunicationThedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentarecalledthe_______ofthatphoneme.

答案:allophonesPair_________isnotoncomplementarydistribution.

答案:lightandgladThe

study

of

the

physicalproperties

of

speech

sounds

is

closely

connected

with________.

答案:acoustic

phoneticsChomskymadedistinctionbetween______.

答案:competenceandperformanceAhead

refers

to

a

word

or

a

group

ofwords

that

functionally

equivalent

to

the

group

as

a

whole.

答案:對(duì)Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.

答案:錯(cuò)Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperiencewhilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

答案:錯(cuò)Derivationdoesnotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestem.

答案:錯(cuò)Thebehaviouristviewregardedmeaningasobservablebehaviors.

答案:對(duì)Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

答案:錯(cuò)Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.

答案:錯(cuò)The

quotation

--“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”--

tellspeoplethattheword“rose”isjustasymbolfortheflowerthatsmellssweet,andwhateveritisnamedwillnotchangeitssmell.

答案:對(duì)Morphemescanbedividedintofreemorphemeand____

morphemeorderivationalmorphemeand____

morpheme.

答案:bound;inflectionalAccordingtotheBritishlinguistG.Leech,a________ofasentenceconsistsofargument(s)andpredicate.

答案:predication_______construction

referstoagroupofsyntacticallyrelatedwordswherenoneofthewordsisfunctionallyequivalenttothegroupasawhole,thatis,thereisnodefinable“centre”or“head”insidethegroup.

Exocentricconstructionusuallyincludesbasicsentence,

prepositionalphrase,

predicate

(verb＋object)

construction,

andconnective

(be＋complement)

construction.

答案:ExocentricA_____descriptiontakesafixedinstant（usually,

butnotnecessarily,

thepresent）asitspointofobservation.

答案:synchronicreferstothefactthatthesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.

答案:PolysemyBothinformation

abouttheconstituents____

ofasentenceandthataboutthec____

suchaswordsandphrasescanberepresentedwithphrasestructurerules.

答案:structure;constituents________isakindofphraseelementthatspecifiesoptionallyexpressiblepropertiesoftheheads.

答案:ModifierThewords"the","this","those"and

"a"allbelongtothesamelexicalcategory,whichis___________.

答案:determinerThepropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdifferentiate

itfromanyanimalsystemofcommunicationaretermedas______oflanguage.

答案:designfeatures____________referstothebaseformofawordthatcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithoutlossofidentity.Thatistosay,itisthatpartofthewordthatisleftwhenalltheaffixesareremoved.

答案:RootWhenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________

答案:intonationThestudyoftheproductionofspeechsoundsiscloselyconnectedwith_________.

答案:articulatoryphoneticsX:

Helikesskating.Y:

Helikessports.TherelationshipofXandYis______.

答案:XentailingY"It'severybody'sright,right?"Inthis

sentence,thesetworightsare

________.

答案:completehomonymsThesentencestructureis

__________.

答案:bothlinearandhierarchicalThemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“sheep”and“ewe(母羊)”is_________.

答案:hyponymyComponentialanalysisisamethodappliedinthefieldof

.

答案:semanticsThestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguageisconnectedwith________.

答案:immediateconstituentanalysisThesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare

________

innumber.

答案:finiteWhichofthefollowingisaright-headedendocentriccompound?

答案:night-schoolWhat'stherelationbetweensentence1--“Tom'sbankmanagerisdead”

andsentence2“Tommurderedhisbankmanager.”

答案:Sentence2entailssentence1.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand_____________.

答案:AlloftheaboveInbroadterms,linguistsagreetodefinelanguageasasystemof_____vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

答案:arbitraryWhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundword?

答案:UnpleasantCorrectionandreinforcementarenotkeyfactorsinchildlanguagedevelopmentastheywereclaimedtobe.

答案:對(duì)Phonolgyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.

答案:錯(cuò)Humanscanbesaidtobepredisposedandbiologicallyprogrammedtoacquireatleastonelanguage.

答案:對(duì)Humanbeingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelanguage,thisgeneticpredispositionisasufficientconditionforlanguagedevelopment.

答案:錯(cuò)Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

答案:對(duì)Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.

答案:錯(cuò)Thesociolinguisicsituationthattwolanguagesareusedsidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplayinaspeechcommunityistermedas______.

答案:bilingualismAccordingtoan__________viewoflanguageacquisition,humansarequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse,justasbirdsarebiologicallyprewiredtolearnthesongsoftheirspecies.

答案:nativistThecoreoflinguisticsstudiesthethreebasicaspectsoflanguage---_____s,formandm______.

答案:sounds;sound;meaning_________ofdiscourseanswersthequestionsof"why"and"aboutwhat"communicationtakesplace.

答案:FieldWhenaquestionisusednottoaskforinformation,buttoaskthehearertodosomething,itisi______language.

答案:indirectA________,

likeaphoneme,

isalinguisticabstraction,

whichmustberealizedascertainphoneticformsorvariantsindifferentphoneticenvironments.

Eachofthephoneticformsorvariantsisamorph.

答案:morphemeX:Shallwegetsomethingforthekids?Y:Yes.ButIvetoC-A-N-D-Y.Y'sanswerviolatesmaximof______.

答案:man