山東省濰坊市2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題 含解析

高考資源網(wǎng)（），您身邊的高考專家歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚。高考資源網(wǎng)（），您身邊的高考專家歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚。高考資源網(wǎng)（），您身邊的高考專家歡迎廣大教師踴躍來稿，稿酬豐厚。高二英語注意事項:1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingarest.B.Climbingupahill.C.Waitingforsomeone.2.WhendidthemanseeJim?A.At3o'clock.B.At4o'clock.C.At5o'clock.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Andyfinishedhishomework.B.Andylosthisworkbook.C.Andyliedtotheman.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inatheater.B.Inashop.C.Inachildren'spark.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ateacher.B.AmovieC.Atask.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemanlike?A.Heisunfashionable.B.Heisimpolite.C.Heisunsociable.7.WhatdoesthemanthinkwillprobablymakeSarah'sparentsshocked?A.Hisclothes.B.Hishairstyle.C.Hisjob.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theman'sfamilylife.B.Theman'sdailyroutine.C.Theman'sschoolactivities.9.Whatdoesthemanusuallydobeforedoinghishomework?A.Hehasasnack.B.HewatchesTV.C.Hetalkswithhissister.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkingin.B.Bookingrooms.C.Askingaboutthehotel.11.WhydoesthemancometoNewYork?A.Totakeaholiday.B.Tovisitmuseums.C.Tohaveaconference.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydolater?A.Buyamap.B.Havedinner.C.Meetafriend.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatmonthisitnow?A.July.B.August.C.September.14.WhatisthewomangoingtodothisSeptember?A.Startteaching.B.Joinaclub.C.Gotocollege.15.Wheredidthewomanteachchildrenbefore?A.InPrague.B.InLondon.C.InManchester.16.Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherprobablythinkofherbeingateacher?A.Satisfying.B.Unwise.C.Strange.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerfocuson?A.Hermemoryofabirthday.B.Anorganizationforgirls.C.TheGuides'activities.18.Howoldwasthespeakergoingtobethatweekend?A.10.B.13.C.14.19Whatsurprisedthespeaker?A.Herfriends'turningup.B.Herfriends'stayingupallthenight.C.Herfriends'singingHappyBirthday.20Whatdidtheydoaftertheparty?A.Playgames.B.Gocamping.C.Gobowling.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATherereallyareappsforeverything-andsomecouldendupsavingyourlife.SkinVisionYouwillhavetopayforthisdigitalskincheckapp,eitheronanadhoc(隨時)orasubscriptionbasis,butwithanestimatedfifthofskincancersgoingundiagnosedduringlockdown,itcouldbewellworthit.Yousimplytakeaphotoofanysuspiciousspotwithyourphoneandyou'llthenreceiveariskindicationfromSkinVisionwithin30seconds.StJohnAmbulanceFirstAidAnapplikethisismoreusefulforsavingsomeoneelse'slifethanyourown,butarguablyit'sanecessityonyoursmartphone.Itgivesadviceindealingwithemergencies,includingchoking,allergicreactionsandperformingCPR.Youdon'thavetohaveaninternetconnectioninordertouseit.What3wordsThisfreedownloadisoneofagrowingnumberofsmartphoneappsthatcouldmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.What3Wordsdividestheworldinto3×3metresquares,givingeachoneauniquecombinationofthreewords.Thisallowsemergencyservices-oranyoneelseyougivethelocationto-toreachyou.UsedbythevastmajorityofemergencyservicesintheUK,nottomentionothercontrolcentresaroundtheworld,ithasbeencreditedwithsavingthousandsoflives.WhatsAppLotsofususeWhatsAppformessagingandcalling,butdoyouknowitalsohasaLiveLocationfeaturethatcanletalovedoneknowyourwhereaboutsincaseyou'reindanger?Yousimplypressthe+keyinachat,select"Location",andthenpress"ShareLiveLocation",whichenablesanyparticipantsinthechattoseeyourlocationinrealtimeforthedurationyouchoose.1.HowcanSkinVisionhelp?A.Itoffersmedicalcheck. B.Itpreventsskincancer.C.Itgivescuresforskindiseases. D.Itexaminestheskinautomatically.2.Whichappcanbenefitothersmorethanyourself?A.SkinVision. B.StJohnAmbulanceFirstAidC.What3words. D.WhatsApp.3.WhatdoWhat3wordsandWhatsApphaveincommon?A.Theyareoperatedthesameway.BTheycantellotherswhereyouare.C.Theybelongtocommunicationapps.D.Theyareusedbymostemergencyservices.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四款能挽救你性命的應(yīng)用程序。1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Yousimplytakeaphotoofanysuspiciousspotwithyourphoneandyou'llthenreceiveariskindicationfromSkinVisionwithin30seconds.(你只需用手機拍下任何可疑點的照片，你就會在30秒內(nèi)收到SkinVision的風(fēng)險提示。)”可知，SkinVision應(yīng)用程序可以自動檢查皮膚。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Anapplikethisismoreusefulforsavingsomeoneelse'slifethanyourown,butarguablyit'sanecessityonyoursmartphone.(像這樣的應(yīng)用程序在拯救別人的生命時比你自己的更有用，但可以說它是你智能手機上的必需品。)”可知，StJohnAmbulanceFirstAid這款應(yīng)用軟件給別人帶來的好處遠超我們自己。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thisallowsemergencyservices-oranyoneelseyougivethelocationto-toreachyou.(這使得緊急服務(wù)——或者任何你提供位置的人——能夠聯(lián)系到你。)”和最后一段“Yousimplypressthe+keyinachat,select"Location",andthenpress"ShareLiveLocation",whichenablesanyparticipantsinthechattoseeyourlocationinrealtimeforthedurationyouchoose.(你只需在聊天中按下+鍵，選擇“位置”，然后按下“共享實時位置”，這可以讓聊天中的任何參與者在你選擇的時間內(nèi)實時看到你的位置。)”可知，What3wordsandWhatsApp這兩款應(yīng)用軟件的共同之處在于它們可以將你的位置告訴別人。故選B。BCookingisChrisSpear'spassion.He'sbeenprofessionallycookingsincehewas16.Overtheyears,heworkedforbigrestaurantsandreachedapointwherehehadalmost100employeesreportingtohim.That'swhenhemissedflexibilityandwantedtobemorecreative.So,hequitworkingforrestaurantsandsetuphisowncatering(餐飲)company,PerfectLittleBitesinFrederick,Maryland.Spendinglonghoursinthekitchendoesn'ttireSpear,buthehadoftenbeenconcernedthatbecominganindependentchefwouldmakehimfeellonely.Spearsaidhewantedtofindanarrangementthatwouldbebeneficialtoallsuchgroupsbutdidn'tcostthemanymoney.ThatinspiredhimtofoundChefsWithoutRestaurants,anonlineresourceforchefs.NowhehasaFacebookgroupwherehecanpostinformationabout,forinstance,apotentialcustomerwhowantstoarrangeadinnerinagivenlocationandwithinacertainpricerange,andhecanofferinterestedchefsmoreinformation.Customerscanalsobenefitfromthisnetwork.SpearisbuildingawebsitewherecustomerswillbeabletocheckoutprofilesoftheChefsWithoutRestaurantsmembers,learnabouttheirspecialtiesandseewhatkindsofeventstheycancater,largeorsmall.SharonStreb,ownerofOil&VinegarFrederickwhichintroducescookingideasandchefstotheircustomers,saidsmallbusinessesshouldhelponeanothersucceed."Whenotherchefsandbusinessescometomystore,theygetinfrontofourcustomersandhopefullywegetinfrontoftheircustomers.That'sawin-winforbothofus,"shesaid."It'stoughoutthereforasmallbusiness,andnotalotofsmallbusinessessucceed.It'simportantthatwecanworktogetherandbesuccessful,bothofus."That'sthegoalforSpear,whowantstocarveoutaspaceforindependentchefsonthefoodmapinthearea.4.WhydidSpearstarthisownbusiness?A.Hegottiredofbeingachef. B.Helongedtohelpotherchefs.C.Hewantedtomakemoreprofits. D.Hesoughtnottobebound.5.WhatistheoriginalpurposeofChefsWithoutRestaurants?A.Tocompetewithotherchefs. B.Toprovidetrainingforchefs.C.Toshareresourcesamongchefs. D.Tosetupvirtualrestaurants.6.Whatofthenetworkwillappealtocustomers?A.Dataaboutchefs. B.Pricerangesofdinners.C.Locationsofrestaurants. D.Eventsheldaround.7.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobyquotingSharonStreb'swordsinparagraph4?A.Revealthetoughnessofsmallbusinesses.B.StressthesignificanceofSpear'swork.C.Callonotherbusinessestojointhegroup.D.Showcustomers'appreciationforSpear.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了克里斯·斯皮爾所創(chuàng)建的一個名為“沒有餐廳的廚師”的在線資源，目的是在廚師之間共享資源?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Overtheyears,heworkedforbigrestaurantsandreachedapointwherehehadalmost100employeesreportingtohim.That'swhenhemissedflexibilityandwantedtobemorecreative.So,hequitworkingforrestaurantsandsetuphisowncatering（餐飲）company,（多年來，他在大型餐廳工作，有近100名員工向他匯報工作。那時他失去了靈活性，想要更有創(chuàng)造力。所以，他辭掉了餐館的工作，成立了自己的餐飲公司）”可知斯皮爾開創(chuàng)了自己的事業(yè)，因為他不想被束縛。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Spearsaidhewantedtofindanarrangementthatwouldbebeneficialtoallsuchgroupsbutdidn'tcostthemanymoney.ThatinspiredhimtofoundChefsWithoutRestaurants,anonlineresourceforchefs.（斯皮爾說，他想找到一種對所有這些群體都有利的安排，但又不花他們一分錢。這啟發(fā)他創(chuàng)建了一個為廚師提供在線資源的“沒有餐廳的廚師”）”可知“沒有餐廳的廚師”的初衷是在廚師之間共享資源。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“SpearisbuildingawebsitewherecustomerswillbeabletocheckoutprofilesoftheChefsWithoutRestaurantsmembers,learnabouttheirspecialtiesandseewhatkindsofeventstheycancater,largeorsmall.（斯皮爾正在建立一個網(wǎng)站，在這個網(wǎng)站上，顧客可以查看“無餐廳廚師”會員的資料，了解他們的專長，并了解他們可以承辦的大型或小型活動。）”可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)中關(guān)于廚師的數(shù)據(jù)會吸引顧客。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“It'stoughoutthereforasmallbusiness,andnotalotofsmallbusinessessucceed.It'simportantthatwecanworktogetherandbesuccessful,bothofus."（對于小企業(yè)來說，這是艱難的，而且沒有多少小企業(yè)能成功。重要的是我們能一起工作并且成功）”以及“smallbusinessesshouldhelponeanothersucceed.（小型企業(yè)應(yīng)該互相幫助取得成功。）”可知引用莎朗·斯特萊布的話來強調(diào)斯皮爾的工作的重要性。故選B。CFedupdadsaredesperateforarevolutionwhenitcomestoparentingtraditions-withmillionsofmenwantingtospendmoretimewiththeirnew-bornchildren.Shocknewstatisticsshowthatalmosttwothirdsofdadswouldbekeenontakingmuchmoretimeoffworktospendwiththeirchildrenwhentheyarefirstborn.Yet,while62%offatherssaytheywanttousesharedparentalleavelawstogetamoreevensplit(份額)withmums,almostnoneofthemhaveactuallydoneso.AstudyfromtheUniversityofBirminghamsuggestedthatanumberoffactorsaregettingintheway.Itpointedtoworkplaceculture,socialexpectationsandfinancialpressuresallbeingseriousbarrierstoprogress.SinceApril2015,parentshavebeenabletoshareupto50weekstoleaveand37weeksofpay.Estimatessuggestonlyonepercentofcoupleshaveusedtherules,suggestingoldhabitsareprovinghardtoshift.Interestingly,mumsaremorelukewarmwhenitcomestochange.Asurveyshowed41%ofmumsareopentoamoreequalsplitoftime-but42%areopposedtousingthenewlaws.Onlyjust27%ofdadsareagainsttheidea.ThesurveyfindingscomefromaresearchbyLegal&General.Itsurveyedover1,000UKparentswithchildrenuptotheageof16.Itfound,particularlyamongGenerationZ—thenewestandyoungestagegroupofparents,69%wouldliketosplittheirparentalleaveeitherequallyormoreevenly.Thatcomparesto54%ofmillennials(千禧一代).It’sclearthatthere’sastrongappetiteintheUKtomakeuseofsharedparentalleaveandthatthisfaroutweighsthecurrentuseofthescheme(方案).8.Whichmaybestdescribemostfathers’situationconcerningparenting?A.Realitycallsforhope. B.Ambitionamountstonothing.C.Desiremeetswithhardfacts. D.Hardworkcontributestosuccess.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“l(fā)ukewarm”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Anxious. D.Unwilling.10.Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byexplainingreasons.C.Bystatingarguments. D.Byprovidingresearchresults.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitle?A.SharedParentalLeaveLaws B.ParentingTraditionsC.AppetiteforaParentingRevolution D.MoreDaysOff,MoreLove【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在英國共享育兒假法的實施情況，以及不同人群對它的態(tài)度?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shocknewstatisticsshowthatalmosttwothirdsofdadswouldbekeenontakingmuchmoretimeoffworktospendwiththeirchildrenwhentheyarefirstborn.”（令人震驚的新統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，近三分之二的父親希望在他們的孩子新出生時能抽出更多的時間陪孩子。）和第二段的“Yet,while62%offatherssaytheywanttousesharedparentalleavelawstogetamoreevensplit(份額)withmums,almostnoneofthemhaveactuallydoneso.AstudyfromtheUniversityofBirminghamsuggestedthatanumberoffactorsaregettingintheway.Itpointedtoworkplaceculture,socialexpectationsandfinancialpressuresallbeingseriousbarrierstoprogress.（然而，盡管62%的父親表示，他們希望通過共享育兒假法來與母親更公平地分配產(chǎn)假，但他們中幾乎沒有人真的這么做了。伯明翰大學(xué)的一項研究表明，有很多因素在阻礙這一進程。報告指出，工作場所文化、社會期望和財務(wù)壓力都是進步的嚴重障礙）”可知，雖然大多數(shù)父親表達了愿意花時間照顧孩子的愿望，但受到了很多因素的阻礙。由此可知，大多數(shù)父親的育兒現(xiàn)狀是：期待遇到了殘酷的事實。故選C項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Asurveyshowed41%ofmumsareopentoamoreequalsplitoftime-but42%areopposedtousingthenewlaws.”（一項調(diào)查顯示，41%的媽媽愿意接受更平等的時間分配，但是42%的媽媽反對使用新法律。）可知，當(dāng)談到改變時，很多媽媽們是不愿意的，推測劃線單詞表示“不情愿的”，與unwilling同義。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章第一段提到數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，第二段提到伯明翰大學(xué)的研究，第三段提到一項調(diào)查，第四段提到研究的調(diào)查結(jié)果，所以作者是通過提供研究成果來組織文章的。故選D項?！?1題詳解】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了共享育兒假法的實施情況，以及不同人權(quán)對它的態(tài)度。所以“共享育兒假法”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項。DAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.Thisimagepairdemonstratesthechangesthathaveoccurredsincethestartofthiscentury.Thefirstimageshowstheglacier'sfloatingicetongueonDecember2,2001.ThesecondimageshowstheglacieronDecember28,2019.BothimagesshowtheglacierwhereitexitsthelandinWestAntarcticaandstretchesovertheAmundsenSeaasthickfloatingice.Icethatoriginatesonlandcanraisesealevelifitisdeliveredtotheoceanatafasterratethanitisbeingreplacedinlandbysnowfall.TheflowspeedofThwaiteshasbeenincreasing,whileinlandsnowfallhasnotchangedsignificantly.Inthepasttenyears,thetonguehascontinuedtobreakandseparatefromtheThwaitesEasternIceShelf.Bythetimethe2019imagewasacquired,themaintonguehaddeclinedgreatly,andtheoceaninfrontofThwaiteshadbecomefilledwithfloatingice.Thwaitespoursabout50billiontonsoficeintotheoceaneachyear.Thatamountisnothingtosneezeat.Butforthetimebeing,it's“stillarelativelysmallamountofsea-levelrise,”saidTedScambos,ascientistattheUniversityofColorado.“Whatthesatellitesareshowingusisaglaciercomingapart,"saidTedScambos.”Everyfewyearsanewareaseemstobelettinggoandspeeding.Liketaffybeingstretchedout,thisglacierisbeingdrawnintotheocean.”12.WhatmakesAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacierafocusofattention?A.Scientists'efforttoprotectit B.Therisingsealevel.C.Changeinfloatingicequantity. D.Thecharmofitsvastbody.13.Whatdoesparagraph2functionas?A.Anexample. B.Anexplanation. C.Aconclusion. D.Asummary.14.HowdoesTedfeelaboutthefutureoftheglacier?A.Unconcerned. B.Confused. C.Uncertain. D.Worried.15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanthistextbefound?A.EnergyFrontier. B.EarthObservatory.C.ClimateAction. D.SpaceExploration.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了南極洲的思韋茨冰川浮冰量在過去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人們的關(guān)注。文章通過兩張照片來解釋了這一變化，并說明了科學(xué)家對此的看法。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Antarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.(南極洲的思韋茨冰川近年來一直是人們關(guān)注的焦點，因為科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開始了一項由多個部分組成的國際項目，從各個角度研究這片巨大的冰川。這種緊迫性來自于觀察和分析，這些觀察和分析表明，從思韋特流出的冰的數(shù)量在過去30年里增加了一倍，而這些冰是導(dǎo)致海平面上升的因素之一?？茖W(xué)家們認為，在不久的將來，冰川可能會經(jīng)歷更劇烈的變化)”可知，浮冰量變化讓南極洲的思韋茨冰川成為人們關(guān)注的焦點。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisimagepairdemonstratesthechangesthathaveoccurredsincethestartofthiscentury.Thefirstimageshowstheglacier'sfloatingicetongueonDecember2,2001.ThesecondimageshowstheglacieronDecember28,2019.BothimagesshowtheglacierwhereitexitsthelandinWestAntarcticaandstretchesovertheAmundsenSeaasthickfloatingice.Icethatoriginatesonlandcanraisesealevelifitisdeliveredtotheoceanatafasterratethanitisbeingreplacedinlandbysnowfall.TheflowspeedofThwaiteshasbeenincreasing,whileinlandsnowfallhasnotchangedsignificantly.(這對圖像展示了自本世紀初以來發(fā)生的變化。第一張圖片顯示的是2001年12月2日冰川漂浮的冰舌。第二張照片顯示的是2019年12月28日的冰川。這兩張圖片都顯示了冰川離開南極洲西部的陸地，以厚厚的浮冰的形式延伸到阿蒙森海。如果陸地上的冰以更快的速度流入海洋，而不是被降雪取代，那么海平面就會升高。思韋茨地區(qū)的降雪速度一直在增加，而內(nèi)陸降雪變化不明顯)”可推知，第二段的作用是解釋照片，故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Whatthesatellitesareshowingusisaglaciercomingapart,"saidTedScambos."Everyfewyearsanewareaseemstobelettinggoandspeeding.Liketaffybeingstretchedout,thisglacierisbeingdrawnintotheocean.”(TedScambos說：“衛(wèi)星向我們顯示的是冰川正在分離。每隔幾年，似乎就會有一個新的領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)并加速發(fā)展。就像太妃糖被拉長一樣，這座冰川正被拖進海洋。”)”可推知，泰德對冰川的未來感到擔(dān)憂。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Antarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.(南極洲的思韋茨冰川近年來一直是人們關(guān)注的焦點，因為科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開始了一項由多個部分組成的國際項目，從各個角度研究這片巨大的冰川。這種緊迫性來自于觀察和分析，這些觀察和分析表明，從思韋特流出的冰的數(shù)量在過去30年里增加了一倍，而這些冰是導(dǎo)致海平面上升的因素之一。科學(xué)家們認為，在不久的將來，冰川可能會經(jīng)歷更劇烈的變化)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了南極洲的思韋茨冰川浮冰量在過去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人們的關(guān)注。文章通過兩張照片來解釋了這一變化，并說明了科學(xué)家對此的看法?？赏浦?，文章可能選自網(wǎng)站的“氣候行動”部分。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Somepeoplehaveadependencyonanafternoonnap.___16___Itcanalsohelpthemfeelmorealert(機敏的)fortheafternoonahead.EvenBorisJohnsonsupposedlyfavorsapowernapduringhisworkday.WinstonChurchill,AlbertEinstein,andLeonardoDaVinciwereallfamousnappers.Nappingisagreatwaytofeelmorerestedandalert-andsomeresearchshowsitcarbenefitourcognitivefunction.___17___Ifyouneedtobealertrightafterwakingup,so-called"powernaps"of10-30minutesarerecommended.Whileshortnapsaregreatforincreasingenergy,longernapsaremorebeneficialforlearning.Accordingtotheresearch,theyimproveactivationofthehippocampus—anareaofthebrainimportantforlearningandmemory.___18______19___It'spossiblethattheyhelpthebraincleanupsleep-inducing(誘導(dǎo)睡眠的)wasteproductsthatwouldotherwiseholdupbrainactivity,andthattheyrefillthebrain'senergystores.Shortnapsmayalsohelpimproveyourattentionbylettingparticularlysleepyareasofthebrainrecover,hencepreventinginstabilityinthebrain'snetworks.Althoughnappinghasmanypositiveshort-termeffects,theyarenotrecommendedforpeoplewhosufferfrominsomnia（失眠癥）.Becausenapsdecreasesleepiness,theymaymakeithardertofallasleepwhengoingtobedintheevening.___20___Forinstance,ifthebestperformanceisneededinstantlyafterwards,don'tnap,asitmaytakesometimetofullywakeup.A.ButmanymoreprefernottoB.Itistocatchuponlostsleep.C.Howhasnappingbecomesopopular?D.NapsshouldalsobeavoidedinsomesituationsE.WhyshortnapsaresobeneficialisnotwellunderstoodF.However,youmaywanttoconsiderhowlongyouhavetonap.G.Aone-to-two-hournapbenefitsbothmotorskillsandmemoryabilities.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.E20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了打盹的好處。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下句“Itcanalsohelpthemfeelmorealert（機敏的）fortheafternoonahead.(午休也有助于人們下午感覺更加機敏)”可知空格處是在講午休的一個好處。根據(jù)相似結(jié)構(gòu)可知B.Itistocatchuponlostsleep.(它能補上失去的睡眠)符合語境,故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下句“Ifyouneedtobealertrightafterwakingup,so-called"powernaps"of10-30minutesarerecommended.(如果你醒來后需要變得機敏，你最好休息10到30分鐘)”可知，空格處將補充休息時間。F.However,youmaywanttoconsiderhowlongyouhavetonap.(然而你可能要考慮你打盹的時間長短)符合語境。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Accordingtotheresearch,theyimproveactivationofthehippocampus—anareaofthebrainimportantforlearningandmemory.(研究表明：它們都能改善大腦中的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶區(qū)域)”可知，選項承接上文說明打盹對記憶力和學(xué)習(xí)的益處。故G.Aone-to-two-hournapbenefitsbothmotorskillsandmemoryabilities.(1到2個小時的午休對人的學(xué)習(xí)技能和記憶力都有好處)”符合語境。故選G。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下句“It'spossiblethattheyhelpthebraincleanupsleep-inducing（誘導(dǎo)睡眠的）wasteproductsthatwouldotherwiseholdupbrainactivity,(它們可能幫助大腦清理抑制大腦活動的誘導(dǎo)睡眠的廢物)”可知此處分析打盹有好處的可能性原因，因此推知本段句首會提出疑問。因此E.Whyshortnapsaresobeneficialisnotwellunderstood(為什么短時間打盹如此有益還不清楚)符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下句“Forinstance,ifthebestperformanceisneededinstantlyafterwards,don'tnap,(如果表演馬上開始，此時不要打盹）”可知在有些情況下，打盹是不合適的。因此D.Napsshouldalsobeavoidedinsomesituations(在有些情況下，打盹應(yīng)該被避免)符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A，B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ResidentsandemergencyworkersrecoveringfromdestructioncausedbydeadlytornadoesonDecember10inKentuckyrecentlyhadsomesupportfromWhiteCounty.Asmanythroughouttheregion___21___swiftlytoprovideaidtotheaffectedcommunities,ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthose___22___tohelp.Baldwin___23___totakeacarloadofsuppliestoKentuckyforthereliefeffortsandtoldhiscoworkersabouthis___24___onMondaybeforeleaving.Aswordofhisplan___25___beyondthepolicedepartment,strangersstarteddonatingmoney,suppliesandtheirtimetothe___26___.Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasa(n)___27___amountofmonetary(貨幣的)donations___28___.Theofficeralso___29___toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky.Thenhewentandboughtfourorfivehundreddollars’worthofchildren’smedicine.BylastThursday,Baldwinhadto____30____seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包車)toloadthedonationsfor____31____inaweekendtrip.MayfieldHighSchoolhasbeenturnedintoadistributioncentertoprovide____32____.Baldwindecidedthatwouldbethe____33____placetosetuphisvantoreachpeople.BaldwinstayedinKentuckyforthreedays,____34____bytheamountofgenerosityhewitnessedinthecounty.Multipletruckswerewaitingtocomein—peoplewereverygenerousandalotofpeoplehadfelta____35____todosomething.21.A.shifted B.moved C.flew D.settled22.A.determined. B.discouraged C.permitted D.expected23.A.managed B.proceeded C.planned D.hesitated24.A.doubt B.fear C.demand D.idea25.A.spread B.failed C.changed D.delayed26.A.role B.department C.cause D.innovation27.A.substantial B.crucial C.influential D.partial28.A.pouredin B.sweptaway C.gaveway D.ranout29.A.explored B.checked C.intended D.applied30.A.repair B.produce C.deliver D.remove31.A.exchange B.entertainment C.consumption D.transport32.A.shelters B.belongings C.gifts D.essentials33.A.safe B.ideal C.distant D.legal34.A.wornout B.blownaway C.broughttolife D.castdown35.A.panic B.relief C.calling D.challenge【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.D32.D33.B34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講了一名警察采取行動，幫助遭受龍卷風(fēng)襲擊的地區(qū)的人們?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于整個地區(qū)的許多人迅速采取行動向受影響的社區(qū)提供援助，克利夫蘭警察賈斯汀鮑德溫是那些決心提供幫助的人之一。A.shifted轉(zhuǎn)移；B.moved采取行動；C.flew飛；D.settled解決。本句“toprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行動，提供幫助，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于整個地區(qū)的許多人迅速采取行動向受影響的社區(qū)提供援助，克利夫蘭警察賈斯汀鮑德溫是那些決心提供幫助的人之一。A.determined下定決心的；B.discouraged氣餒的；C.permitted允許的；D.expected預(yù)期的。本句“movedswiftlytoprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行動，提供幫助，大家都決心幫助，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：鮑德溫計劃將一車物資帶到肯塔基州進行救援工作，并在周一離開前告訴了他的同事他的想法。A.managed管理；B.proceeded進行；C.planned計劃；D.hesitated猶豫不決。本句“onMondaybeforeleaving”可知在出發(fā)之前他打算這樣做，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：鮑德溫計劃將一車物資帶到肯塔基州進行救援工作，并在周一離開前告訴了他的同事他的想法。A.doubt懷疑；B.fear恐懼；C.demand需求；D.idea主意。本句“toldhiscoworkers”可知他把他的計劃告訴了他的同事，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著他的計劃的消息傳到警察局之外，陌生人開始為這項事業(yè)捐贈金錢、物資和時間。A.spread傳播；B.failed失敗；C.changed改變；D.delayed延遲。本句“strangersstarteddonatingmoney”可知陌生人捐錢，因為陌生人聽說了他的計劃，他的計劃傳開了，故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著他的計劃的消息傳到警察局之外，陌生人開始為這項事業(yè)捐贈金錢、物資和時間。A.role角色；B.department部門；C.cause事業(yè)；D.innovation革新。上文“ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthosedeterminedtohelp”可知他要提供幫助，這是一項偉大的事業(yè)，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的貨幣捐款涌入。A.substantial大量的；B.crucial至關(guān)重要的；C.influential有影響的；D.partial部分的。本句“amount”可知這筆錢是一大筆錢，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的貨幣捐款涌入。A.pouredin涌入；B.sweptaway掃除；C.gaveway讓位；D.ranout用完。本句“Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasasubstantialamountofmonetarydonations”可知，此處指大家的捐款一下子都涌來了，故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該官員還檢查了肯塔基州最需要什么。A.explored探索；B.checked檢查；C.intended打算；D.applied應(yīng)用。本句“toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky”可知這位警官要去核實最需要的物品是什么，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到上周四，鮑德溫不得不從一輛可容納15人的面包車上拆下座位，以便在周末旅行中裝載捐贈的交通工具。A.repair修理；B.produce生產(chǎn)；C.deliver運送；D.remove消除。本句“seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包車)toloadthedonations”可知他要把面包車里的座位都拆掉，騰出空間來裝載東西，故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：到上周四，鮑德溫不得不從一輛可容納15人的面包車上拆下座位，以便在周末旅行中裝載捐贈的交通工具。A.exchange交換；B.entertainment娛樂；C.consumption消費；D.transport運輸。本句“inaweekendtrip”可知他要運東西上路，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：梅菲爾德高中已經(jīng)變成了提供必需品的配送中心。A.shelters避難所；B.belongings財物；C.gifts禮物；D.essentials必需品。本句“adistributioncenter”可知配送中心在災(zāi)區(qū)會配送一些最基本的生活必需品，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：鮑德溫認為那將是設(shè)置他的面包車以接觸人們的理想場所。A.safe安全的；B.ideal理想的；C.distant遙遠的；D.legal合法的。上句“adistributioncentertoprovideessentials”可知配送中心對這個景觀來說是一個理想的地方，它可以在這里分發(fā)他募捐的一些東西，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：鮑德溫在肯塔基州待了三天，被他在該縣目睹的慷慨大度所震撼。A.wornout磨損；B.blownaway感動；C.broughttolife蘇醒；D.castdown投下。本句“theamountofgenerosityhewitnessed”可知他見到了很多慷慨事件的發(fā)生，他很感動，故選B。35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：多輛卡車正等著進來——人們非?？犊?，很多人都感到有做某事的呼召。A.panic恐慌；B.relief寬慰；C.calling呼喚；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。本句“todosomething”可知人們很慷慨，感到某種東西在召喚他們，必須做點什么來幫助這些受災(zāi)的人，故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Formanypeople,bookstoresremainanimportantpartofthecityscape.Theyprovidequietandcomfortingspotsforyou___36___（refresh）th