語法專題10 簡單句的類型

語法專題10簡潔句的類型簡潔句的種類簡潔句復(fù)習(xí)即句子的種類1、陳述句（確定式與否定式）2、疑問句：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反義疑問句3、祈使句4、感嘆句句子成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語【考點一】簡潔句的五大基本句型1、主語+連系動詞+表語---Thefoodtastesverydelicious.2、主語+不及物動詞---Theboylefthappily.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語---TomlikesEnglishalot.4、主語+及物動詞+間接賓語(指人)+直接賓語(指物)---Theygavemesomeniceflowers.5、主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語---IfindChineseveryinteresting.子結(jié)構(gòu)01：主謂(狀)結(jié)構(gòu)這類句子的特點是，句子的謂語動詞可以表達(dá)完整的含義，不需要為謂語動詞補充一個賓語（即動作的承受者）。這樣的狀況下，就構(gòu)成了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Allrise.全體起立。Heleft.他離開了。有的時候，一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子往往在表達(dá)意思上很殘缺，故而習(xí)慣上經(jīng)常要加入狀語，讓句子更完整。這樣的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有時可稱為“主謂狀”結(jié)構(gòu)。但在本質(zhì)上，主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)仍舊屬于主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Herunsfast.他跑得很快。在該句子中，假如只說明Heruns.則句意殘缺不全，若是加上fast作方式狀語，則句意完整充實。子結(jié)構(gòu)02：主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這類句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必需跟有一個賓語（即動作的承受者），才能使意思完整。如：IlikeChinesefood.子結(jié)構(gòu)03：主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)這類句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必需跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個介詞來連接（如to,for等），當(dāng)動作的間接承受者在動作的直接承受者之前時，這一介詞往往被省略。Hegavehisfriendapen.=Hegaveapentome.間賓直賓Hemadehismotheracake.=Hemadeacakeforme.間賓直賓子結(jié)構(gòu)04：主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)這類句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必需加上一個補充成分來說明賓語，才能使意思完整。Wefindthebookveryinteresting.賓語補語留意，賓語和補語的關(guān)系，可以理解為主語和表語的關(guān)系，也就是說，在主謂賓補的句子中，假如去掉主語和謂語，賓語和補語之間是可以構(gòu)成一個獨立的，意思正確的句子的。比如：HenamedhissonBobby.去掉主語賓語后，可理解為：HissonisBobby.而同樣在謂語動詞后跟兩個名詞，主謂賓賓結(jié)果就不能這么變化，如：Heaskedmeaquestion.就不能理解為：Iamaquestion.核心結(jié)構(gòu)二：系表結(jié)構(gòu)此類句子有一個共同的特點：句子和動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必需加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，就是要表達(dá)“主語，是怎么樣的”。系動詞分兩類：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等屬一類，表示狀況；get,grow,become,turn,go等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表的作用。功能一：對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)“主語是什么”Heisastudent.Thisisacat.功能二：地點方位介詞作表語，表達(dá)“主語在哪里”Iamathome.Heisintheclassroom.功能三：形容詞作表語，表達(dá)“主語怎么樣”She is beautiful.She looks beautiful.Thecake is delicious.Thecake tastes delicious.She is calm.She remains calm.I am ill.I feel ill.核心結(jié)構(gòu)三：therebe結(jié)構(gòu)（非重點）在英語里，表示什么地方或時間存在什么事情就用此結(jié)構(gòu)。該類句子的結(jié)尾往往帶有地點狀語或時間狀語。其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒有詞意，be是謂語動詞，be后面的名詞是主語。句子規(guī)章英語簡潔句最基本的規(guī)章是：一個句號有且只能有一個謂語動詞（或系動詞）。比如以下句子，就是錯誤的：Heisaboy,helikesplayingfootball.在這句話中，一個句號卻有了兩個動詞，一個是系動詞is，一個是謂語動詞likes。在簡潔句中，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)是錯誤的。假如想要表示以上含義，除了將逗號改為句號外，還有另外兩種方法：1，在逗號后，加入連詞。Heisaboy,andhelikesplayingfootball.事實上，連詞的消滅，意味著這句話變成了兩句話。2，將其次句話變成第一句話的從句，這樣，兩個簡潔句就合并構(gòu)成了一個復(fù)合句。Heisaboywholikesplayingfootball.一、單項選擇1．Canyoushowyournewguitartome?A．直接賓語 B．間接賓語 C．賓補 D．定語2．HisfriendBobissmart.A．賓語 B．表語 C．定語 D．狀語3．Thefamilyaremakingzongzi.A．謂語 B．主語 C．狀語 D．表語4．Lihuaoftenhelpshermothermakebreakfast.A．主語 B．狀語 C．賓語 D．表語5．Myfirstwishistolearnhowtogetalongwellwithothers.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語B．主語+及物動詞+賓語C．主語+系動詞+表語6．—__________youtiredafterrunningfortenminutes?—No.I__________feeltiredatall.A．Did;didnt B．Were;didn’tC．Were;wasn’t D．Did;wasn’t7．Thegrasshopperfeltcold,hungryand_______inwinter.A．disappoint B．disappoints C．disappointing D．disappointed8．This________mykey.It’shiskey.A．is B．isn’t C．not D．in9．—Howdoyougettoschool?—I________.A．bythebike B．ridemybike C．bymybike10．Icanhearthechildrensingingintheclassroom.該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)是________。A．主語+系動詞+表語B．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語C．主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語11．Theycan’tplaysoccerballoutsidebecauseoftherain.此句為________。A．并列復(fù)合句 B．簡潔句 C．主從復(fù)合句12．ThefoodtastedgreatbecauseIwassohungry.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+不及物動詞 C．主語+系動詞+表語13．Ireallyenjoywalkingaroundthetown.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補 C．主語+系動詞+表語14．Robotswillnevergetbored.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+系動詞+表語 C．主語+不及物動詞15．Theymadethechickensoupveryhot.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補 B．主語+不及物動詞 C．主語+系動詞+表語16．Doyouknowhowtoplantatree?A．并列句 B．簡潔句 C．復(fù)合句17．HereisonewaytomaketurkeyforaThanksgivingdinner.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補 B．主語+不及物動詞 C．主語+系動詞+表語18．I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+系動詞+表語 C．主語+不及物動詞19．Liangliang________ofmediumheight.A．is B．has C．have20．Thecriminalisofmediumbuildandyoung.A．賓語 B．定語 C．表語21．Thelibrary_________veryearlyandit_________after10:00p.m.A．opens;closes B．isopen;isclosed C．opens;isclosed D．isopen;closes22．Theweather________.A．wetandcold B．iswetandcold C．notwetandcold D．werewetandcold23．What’sthis?________aredapple.A．Thatis B．It’s C．It D．This’s24．Herwatch________inherschoolbag.A．a(chǎn)m B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．be25．Itwillbe________tomorrow.Itoften________hereinsummer.A．raining;rain B．rainy;rain C．rain;raining D．rainy;rains26．—Howwasyourtriplastweek?—It________great.Ihadagreattime________themountain.A．was;climbing B．is;climbing C．was;climbed D．were;climbed27．Myuncle________tallandhe________bigeyes.A．has;is B．is;has C．is;is D．has;has28．He_______busyontheweekend.Whataboutyou?A．doesn’t B．don’t C．isn’t D．can’t29．—Whereareyourbooks?—________onthechair.A．Thisis B．Theseare C．It's D．They're30．Robertis________friend.________inClassOne.A．I;He’s B．my;He’s C．my;His D．me;He31．Thehouse________agardenoverthere_________reallybeautiful.A．has;is B．is;having C．with;is D．with;have32．Mybedroom_________alargewindowonthewall.A．has B．have C．thereis D．thereare33．I____________abag.____________onthesofa.A．have;It B．have;It’s C．don’thave;It34．--Whatisyourauntlike?--She．A．isaworker B．likesbananas C．is40 D．iskind35．Thebluejeans_______50dollars.Andthatblackpairofjeans_______60dollars.A．a(chǎn)re;costs B．a(chǎn)re;cost C．pay;are D．spend;is二、完形填空Nightafternight,shecomestohelpmesleep,evenlongaftermychildhoodyears.Idon’trememberwhenit36beginsannoying(惹惱)me—mymom’shandspushingmyhairthatway.Butitreallyannoysme,37theyfeelroughagainstmyyoungskin.Atlast,onenight,Ishout(喊)outather,“Don’tdothatanymore—yourhandsare38rough!”Shedoesn’tsay39,butsheneverdoesitagain.Aftermanyyears,I40mymother’shandsandhergood-nightkissonmyforehead(頭).I’mnotalittlegirlanymore.Mymomisinhermid-70s,andherroughhandsarestilldoingthingsformyfamilyandme.She’slikea41tous,alwaysknowinghowtomakeallkindsoffoodtokeepushealthy.Nowmyownchildrenaregrown-up.ItislateonThanksgivingEve.WhenIsleepinmy42,afamiliarhandrunsacrossmyfacetopushthehairfrommyhead.Thenakiss,eversogently,touchesmybrow(眉毛).Takingmymom’shand,Itellherhow43IamforthatnightIshoutather.Butmymomdoesn’tknow44Iamtalkingabout.Shedoesn’trememberthat.Thatnight,Ifallasleepwithnewthanksformygentlemotherandhercaring45.Andtheguilt(內(nèi)疚)thatIhaveforsolongisnowheretobefound.36．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth37．A．so B．because C．if D．then38．A．too B．very C．many D．much39．A．something B．nothing C．a(chǎn)nything D．somebody40．A．find B．know C．lose D．miss41．A．teacher B．waitress C．doctor D．cook42．A．classroom B．bedroom C．kitchen D．library43．A．sorry B．happy C．useful D．nice44．A．who B．what C．why D．when45．A．smile B．words C．hands D．eyes三、語法填空J(rèn)effisfifteennow,buthe’sstillinGradeOne.Heenjoys46(play)football.Heoftenplaysit47hisfriends.Hedoesnotlistentohisteachersintheclass,andhedoesnotlistentohisfatherandmotherathome.Theyareangrywithhim,buttheydon’tknowwhattodo.OneSundaymorning,Jeff48(get)upearly.Afterbreakfast,hismotheraskedhim49(do)hishomework.Hewenttohisbedroom.Whenhismotherwasbusywithherhousework,Jeffwentout50(quiet).Itwastimeforlunch,51hismothercouldn’tfindhim.Laterhecameback.His52(parent)lookedveryangry,butsaidnothing.Afterlunch,Jeffwanted53(go)outagain.Hisfatherstoppedhimandasked,“54(be)yourhomeworkover?”“No,”answeredtheboy,“Ican’tdoit.”Hisfatherpulledhimbytheearandsaid,“55isyourear?”“Oh,dear!”Jeffcalledout,“It’sinyourhand.”閱讀理解AFameHotel(名人酒店)isaveryinterestinghotelinCalifornia.Inthishotel,youcanlivethesamelifeasafamousperson.

Whenyoucheckinto(登記人住)thehotel,youcanchoosearoomfirst.FameHotelhas32rooms,andeveryroomisnamedafterafamouspersonlikeamovieormusicstar,awriterorascientist.Whenyoucomeintotheroom,youcomeintothelifeofthatperson.Therearepictureseverywhere.Thehoteldecorates(裝飾)eachroomwithclothesandevenfoodthatthefamouspersonlikes,Monroe’swardrobe(衣櫥)isfullofbeautifulwhitedresses.AlbertEinsteindoesn’thaveanysocksinthewardrobebecausetherealEinsteinneverwearsthem.“Ilovethishotel.”saysoneguest(客人)stayinginElvisPresley’sroom,“NowIknowwhatElvisPresleyeatsforbreakfast.”Theguesteatspancakesandstrawberryice-creaminthemorning.Onthenexttable,theguestofEinstein’sroomisdrinkingcabbagesoup.AnotherFameHotelwillbeopenedinNewYorkCitynextyearandthereareplanstoopensomeinEuropetoo.YoumightbeabletostayinChurchill’ssuite(套房)inLondononeday!56．What’sinterestingaboutFameHotel?A．Itisnamedafterapopstar. B．It’sthecheapesthotelinCalifornia.C．It’sahotelonlyforfamouspeople. D．Onecanlivethesamelifeasafamousperson.57．Whencomingintotheroom,onecan________.A．getlotsofbeautifulclothesB．findmanythingsthefamouspersonlikesC．haveamealwithsomefamouspeopleD．enjoynicepicturesofdifferentmovieormusicstars.58．TheguestinElvisPresley’sroom________.A．can’tseeanysocksinthewardrobeB．drinkscabbagesoupforbreakfastC．mightknowaboutElvis’seatinghabitsnowD．wantstotryallthedeliciousfoodinthehotel59．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．32famouspeopleonceliveinthehotel.B．TherearemanyFameHotelsintheworldnow.C．Monroemightlovewearingwhitedressesverymuch.D．ManypeoplelikelivinginChurchill’ssuiteinthehotelnow.60．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．famouspeople’slivesB．a(chǎn)ninterestinghotelinCaliforniaC．howtocheckintofamoushotelsD．FameHotelindifferentcitiesBWheredoyougetyourmoney?Mostofyougetmoneyfromyourparentsorgrandparents.It’snicetohavealittlebitofpocketmoney(零花錢).Buthowdoyouspendit?EllaandJackyarekidslikeyou.Theyspendmoneyindifferentways.Jackylikesplayinggamesandsports.Buthehastroublewithmoney.Heneverhasenoughofit.Hisparentsgivehimsomepocketmoney.Buthespendsitveryquickly.Hebuyslotsofthings,suchasvideogames,snacks(零食)andasoccerball.Whatshouldhedo?EllaisJacky’sfriend.Shemakesplansforspendinghermoney.Shesaves(節(jié)省)someofit.Thisway,shecanuseitinthefuture.Shespendsmoneyonthingsshereallyneeds.Herparentssaythatbanks(銀行)canm