語(yǔ)法-定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句(TheAttributiveClause)定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名字或代詞起修飾、限定作用的句子成分。名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞等都可以作定語(yǔ)。如：Englishproblem;hisbook;yellowdress;threeapples;翻譯：停在外面的那輛汽車是我的。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句，并代替先行詞在從句中作一定的句子成分，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Who和whom指人，who作主語(yǔ)；whom作賓語(yǔ)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略；在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whomThemanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Whose指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)可用ofwhich代替Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.2.that、which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1）that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)和which用法相同，但也有區(qū)別Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.which指物，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.注意：that和which的區(qū)別，下列情況只用that不用which先行詞是all、something、everything、anything、nothing、little、much等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾；I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞；TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast修飾；Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.先行詞中既有人又有物I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.小試牛刀：1.1.Thepolicemancaughtthethief______hasstolenMr.Li’scomputer.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.who2.Thebasketball________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.that B.where C.who D.when二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞when、where、why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)替換ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因任用which/that當(dāng)先行詞為一些抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point、situation、case、stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如果不作狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞that/whichTheyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.(地步)Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconference.（點(diǎn)）小試牛刀：–Wheredidyougettoknowher?--Itwasonafarm____weworked.A．thatB.thereC.whichD.where2.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity____sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where3.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which，另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)2.介詞選用：1）先行詞的意義；2）從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；3）句子的意思；4）表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”介詞用of（在some、any、little、all等前后用ofwhich/whom；the+比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)前后用ofwhich/whom.3.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)是，也可以使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”，一般情況下，where=inwhich，why=forwhich，when=on/inwhich4.當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名詞。小試牛刀：1.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat3.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis四、as、which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1.as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，“正如、正像”，可放在句首、句末或句中2.習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：asIremember;asisoftenthecase;asisexpected;asisknowntous;asisknown等3.such/so…as…表示“像…這樣…”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；such/so…that…表示“如此…以致…”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句4.thesame…that…表示同一人或物；thesame…as…表示同一種類的東西5.as在從句中作主語(yǔ)是，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如asbeknown，ashesaid，asbereported等。如果從句中行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般用which作主語(yǔ)Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，這在預(yù)料之中。Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmademeveryhappy.五、way和time后面的定語(yǔ)從句1.theway在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，可以用inwhich/that/不填；但作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分時(shí)，用that/which2.先行詞time作“次數(shù)”講，用that，可省略；若time是“一段時(shí)間、時(shí)代”，用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/during+which六、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中的某個(gè)名詞、名詞詞組或代詞，從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)將從句和主句隔開(kāi)，可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子。Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeangry.另外，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，省去之后主句意思表達(dá)不清楚；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)修飾的詞或句子作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，省去之后主句意思依然完整。Thisisthehousewheretheartistwasborn.LiPing’sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer.小試牛刀：1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,____wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it2.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where定語(yǔ)從句解題步驟：找出主句找出被修飾詞即先行詞找出定語(yǔ)從句將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句判斷關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，如作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，需選擇關(guān)系代詞who、whom、that、which；如作定語(yǔ)，需選擇whose、ofwhich或ofwhom；如作狀語(yǔ)，需選擇關(guān)系副詞when、why、where練習(xí)：1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as3.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who4.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as5.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when6.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather'sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which7.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who8.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose9.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all10.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as11.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose12.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.whichC.thatD.he13.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who14.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.bothofwhichD.allofwhich15.____wasexpected,hesucceededintheexam.A.ItB.WhichC.AsD.That16.Weshouldreadsuchbooks____willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what17.Youmustshowmywifethesamerespect____youshowme.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what18.Itisthefirsttime____Ihavecometoyourcity.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when19.Thenewpolicyonlycoverssuchpeople____havemadegreatcontributionsduringthewar.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.as20.AftervisitingHarbin,mostoftheforeignfriendssaidtheywouldneverforgetthetime___theyhadspent.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.atwhich21.ThepreschoolteacherinHenanProvince___heldachildupsidedownbythelegsandexposedhimtothecoldweatherwasfired.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when22.Ahousingbubbleisaneconomicsituation____occurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why23.TheCCTVprogram,PeopleWhoMovedChina,honorsthose____contributionsshouldberemembered.A.whoseB.whichC.theirD.who24.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which25.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which26.Weliveinanage___moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich27.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof___arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom28.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,___isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what29.____isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As30.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich31.Itisaterriblemomentforallthecitizensthismonth,____thedeadlyexplosiontorethroughtheLondonUnderground.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.while32.Thekeytosuccessofanyfilmisfindingacapableandqualifiedartisticdirector,____Ialwaysthinkisimportant.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which33.Onlythose____answeredthequestionswellcouldbeletin.A.whoB.heC.thatD.what34._____wasoftenthecase,hedidn’tstudyhardandfailedtopassthetest.A.WhatB.WhichC.ItD.As35.Havingamixofmaleandfemalenursesalsohelpscreateafunatmosphere,____helpspatientsrecoverfaster.A.thisB.thatC.whichD.where36.Takeanactivepartinsportsorotheractivitiesyouenjoy____youcanmeetvariouskindsofpeople.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.where37.China’spopulationisexpectedtoincreasetoabout1.5billionin2040,____itwillstarttodeclineslowly.A.whereB.whichC.onwhichD.afterwhich38.HongKo