2025屆高考英語二輪復習專項解密16閱讀理解之主旨大意題含解析

解密16主旨大意題序號題型真題Part1解密高考考點綜述備考建議Part2對點解密考點精準說1...真題對點析1...對點模擬練1...Part3強化集訓真題模測、典題模測Part1解密高考【考點綜述】 主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納實力。此類題數(shù)量較大，在15個題中約占2-3個。1.從考查對象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種①篇章主旨：針對全文的主題進行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。②段落主旨：針對某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能須要從上下文中尋找或總結(jié)。2.考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種①主題類(內(nèi)容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；③標題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標題。【備考建議】依據(jù)高考對其考查點，在做題時，應當留意其設問特點和?？紗栴}，并且以高度概括法給閱讀文章整體加注標題。對文章主旨大意的考察，不僅可以干脆以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出現(xiàn)，而且也可以用選擇或擬定文章標題的形式出現(xiàn)。因此，選擇文章標題，首先可以依據(jù)主旨大意的確定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定標題。標題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它是段落中心思想最精練的表達形式。標題可幫助讀者快速推想出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的觀點和意圖。那么如何選擇文章的標題呢？首先，要考慮標題對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。一般要求能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章主旨。要避開下列三種狀況：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導致范圍太?。虎谶^度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；③以事實、細微環(huán)節(jié)替代抽象詳細的大意。其次，要考慮標題的針對性，即標題范圍要恰當，針對性強。要在閱讀原文的基礎上，細致考慮所選標題與文章主題是否有親密的關系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大則中心就不突出，太小也發(fā)揮不了應起的作用；精確度高，不能隨意變更語言的表意程度及色調(diào)。它可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。再次要留意標題的醒目性，標題的選擇要簡潔、突出、新奇，標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂和門面。標題的好壞往往影響了文章的可讀性，讀者經(jīng)常從標題上確定文章的閱讀取舍。故標題一般比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以此來吸引讀者對文章的愛好。最終要留意，要恰當?shù)剡x好標題，還須要了解標題的基本擬定方法。一般說來，擬定標題是以話題為核心，與限制性概念的詞按肯定的語法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句為：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th2004inBeijing.話題：Stamps限制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames標題：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynamesPart2對點解密【考點精準說】1----→中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開宗明義，提出主題，隨之用細微環(huán)節(jié)來說明、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想。這是英語中最常見的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特別，先提出觀點，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。新聞報道通常就采納這種寫法。新聞報道的首句通常稱為“新聞導語”，“導語”事實上就是主題句，是對全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。【真題對點析】1【2024·全國新課標IIIC】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.31828.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。28.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥房和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中運用一樓。故選B項。29.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順當。我舉薦它嗎?是的，我想我會舉薦在一起居住的?！庇纱送茢喑?，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的看法是主動的。故選A項。30.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。依據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計，英國多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項。31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其依據(jù)第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項。【對點模擬練】1WhenIrecentlyrevealedtomyfriends,colleagues,andfamilymembersthatIwouldbemovingmyfamilytoIsrael,thereactionswerenumerousandvaried.Somepeoplesaiditwasanexpectedthingwhileothersasked:Whynow?Whatwillyoudo?Forme,makingthemovetoIsraelisthefulfillmentofadreamthathaslastedformy47yearsoflife.IhavealwaysknownthatIsraelismyhome.OvertheyearsIsraelhasbeeninmyheart,butIhavefoundanumberofreasonstoputoffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids,theeconomy,education…younameanexcuse,andatsomepointIhaveprobablyusedit.Truthfully,IbelievethatIwasalwaysjustalittlebitscared.AndofcourseIstillam,withthefearfactorthatisreportedbythepresssurroundingtheIsraelimilitaryandeconomy.However,ithascometothepointwhenIhaverealizedthatforover2000yearswehavelongedforthisland,andthatfor47yearsIhavedeniedtheopportunitytomakeitmyhome.Iamfinallyreadytofullygraspthisopportunity.Overtheyears,IhavealwayslovedvisitingIsrael.Ihavetraveledtherewithmyfamily,andenjoyedintroducingthousandsoftravelerstothecountry.IhavecometoloveallofthesethingsaboutIsraelasatouristbecauseIgettolovemyhome.Andasfaraswaitingforthe“perfect”conditionunderwhichtomakealiyah,Ibelievethetimeisnow!IhavebeenaskedmanytimesifIamnervousaboutmovingtoIsrael.BeforeIanswer,IrememberthatwehaveovercometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussiankillings,HitlerandtheHolocaust(大屠殺)，andthearmiesofsevencountries.HowcanInotfeelconfidentthatI,andmyfamily,willovercomeanydifficultiesthatmaycomeourway?Iamnotworrying,complaining,crying,orfearingasIpreparetomakealiyah.IamproudandexcitedtosaythatIamfulfillinga47-year-olddream:Iamgoinghome.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthepassage?A．Hisdreamistocometrueafter47years.B．ItisadilemmaforhimtoreturntoIsrael.C．Hedidn’tliveahappylifeinIsrael.D．Itisalatesttrendtofulfilleveryone’sdream.5．Theauthordidn’treturntoIsraelbeforebecause_________.A．hischildrenmainlyheldhimbackB．hefailedtogetdeterminedC．hedidn’tsaveenoughmoneyD．hehopedtofinishhiseducation6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“makealiyah”meaninthepassage?A．ToreturntoIsrael.B．Tomakeadecision.C．Tolivehappily.D．Tocatchachance.7．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A．theauthorwillbehappytomeethisrelativesinIsraelB．IsraelisafamiliarwordbutastrangeplacefortheauthorC．theIsraelisufferedalotinthehistoryD．Israelisstillaplacebetweenwarsandchaos【答案】4．A5．B6．A7．C【解析】作者在文中敘述了自己經(jīng)驗了在外流浪的47年后，確定帶著家人回到以色列,使自己多年的幻想得以實現(xiàn)的故事。4．主旨大意題。作者在文中敘述了自己經(jīng)驗了在外流浪的47年后，確定帶著家人回到以色列,使自己多年的幻想得以實現(xiàn)的故事，選A。5．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由butIhavefoundanumberofreasonstoputoffmakingitmypermanentresidence:kids,theeconomy,education…younameanexcuse,andatsomepointIhaveprobablyusedit.可知以前作者沒有做出回以色列的確定是因為找了種種借口,也就是說作者自己沒有下定決心。選B。6．詞義揣測題。通過閱讀全文可知作者帶著家人回到以色列的幻想立刻就要實現(xiàn)，所以“makealiyah”指的是回到家鄉(xiāng)以色列，選A。7．推理推斷題。由BeforeIanswer,IrememberthatwehaveovercometheGreeks,theRomans,theRussiankillings,HitlerandtheHolocaust(大屠殺)，andthearmiesofsevencountries.可知以色列人在歷史上遭遇了許多苦難，選C。【考點精準說】2--→主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾在細微環(huán)節(jié)后，歸納要點、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細微環(huán)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段?！菊骖}對點析】2【2024·全國新課標ID】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.31632．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.33．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Todetectplants’lackofwaterB．TochangecompositionsofplantsC．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.34．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們獨創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。32．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項探討發(fā)覺，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項探討中，當員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關于綠色植物的好處。故選D。33．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的狀況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的狀況。故選A。34．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在將來可能有助于削減能源消耗。故選C。35．主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻馬路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明白綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們獨創(chuàng)這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在將來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選C?！緦c模擬練】2Vinegarmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows．Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayeventheplanet'spopulationsurviveclimatechange．ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience（CSRS）inJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts．Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld'ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower．ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather．Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought﹣likeconditions，itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸鹽）﹣themaincomponentofvinegar．Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants，beforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely．Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied．It'shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive．"Intheexperiment，wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld﹣rice，wheatandmaize﹣andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies，rapeseed（油菜籽），"JongMyongKim，co﹣authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine．Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe'salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost﹣effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateurgardeners．Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn'taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthem，Kimsaidheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible．"Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmers，andalsosomecompanies，tomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，"hesaid．Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoaway，hopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied．8．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout？A．Theworld'sfoodsupplywillbeincreased．B．Plantsbettersurvivedroughts．C．TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts．D．Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts．9．Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan．A．beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoilB．onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsisC．helpplantssurvivedryconditionsD．beusedtoimprovepoorsoil10．Whatarethetargetplantsoftheexperiment？A．a(chǎn)llbreedingspecies．B．wheatandArabidopisis．C．riceandmaize．D．rapeseedandArabidopisis．11．JongMyongKim'sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod．A．canmakepeople'stripspleasantB．turnedoutaworldwidesuccessC．isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplantsD．a(chǎn)ppealstomanyflowergrowingcompanies【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．D【解析】本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來清潔你的窗戶。探討發(fā)覺醋中生長的植物，使它們更耐干旱。8．D主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講解并描述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選D。9．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終“Thediscoverywas…theArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸鹽）—themaincomponentofvinegar.”及第三段“byaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplants,…h(huán)adsurvived,”分析可知探討人員發(fā)覺Arabidopsis中的主要成分Arabidopsis能讓植物在干旱的條件下生存，故選C。10．C.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspecies,rapeseed,”可知在試驗中，主要針對大米，小麥和玉米等。故選C。11．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的第一句“Kim…h(huán)e'salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingcompaniestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對此感愛好的花卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選D。【考點精準說】3----→首尾呼應的寫作方法為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時再次點出主題，這種首尾呼應的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡潔的重復，后面的往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。【真題對點析】3（2024·天津高考真題）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A．proposeadefinitionB．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusionD．presentanargument2．WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A．Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B．Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C．Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D．Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3．Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A．Observetheunknownaroundyou.B．Developaquestioningmind.C．Leadalifeofadventure.D．Followthefashion.4．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B．Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C．Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D．Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5．Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A．CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB．ReflectionsonHumanNatureC．TheKeystoAchievementD．NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】1．D2．D3．B4．C5．C【分析】本文是一篇爭論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——新奇心和不滿意。1．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者經(jīng)過多年對人性的視察，認為成就非凡的人和平凡的人的區(qū)分在于新奇心和不滿意，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個論點。故選D。2．推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告知我們，宏大來自于長久的探究欲望。故選D。3．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知，歷史上全部的偉人都感到新奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認為“不失去孩子的心，就是宏大的人。”然而，我們大多數(shù)人的確失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習俗。我們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培育了一個擅長提問的頭腦，來重新獲得新奇心和不滿。故選B。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時出版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告知我們“缺乏天賦和時間不是不實行行動的理由”。故選C。5．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個關鍵因素——新奇心和不滿意。由此可知，C項TheKeystoAchievement(成就的關鍵)適合做本文最佳標題。故選C?！緦c模擬練】3Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.HowtoPlayLacrosseB.LacrosseinCanadaC.TheHistoryofLacrosseD.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada【答案】D【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，明顯選項D最符合短文的主題。【考點精準說】4---→中心主題在文章中或隱含在全文之中無明確的主題句通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細微環(huán)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而后又作進一步的說明、支撐或發(fā)展。閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生依據(jù)文章的細微環(huán)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解?！菊骖}對點析】4【2024全國卷2D】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避風港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盜版行為)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.33532．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A．Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B．Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D．Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34．Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A．Sponsorbookfairs. B．Writeforsocialmedia.C．Supportlibraries. D．Purchasehernovels.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB．MyIdeaaboutwritingC．Library:AHavenfortheYoungD．MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。32．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我始終是一個熱忱的讀者，孩提時，有時候每天讀多達三本書。故事對我來說就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參與聚會。我通過從圖書館借閱來的書籍經(jīng)驗冒險)可推斷，作者小時候與書是密不行分的。故選C。33．詞句揣測題。依據(jù)上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結(jié)合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有幾個孩子，書是我們消遣的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以選擇要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子選擇書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增加了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。34．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我認為全部的作家都應當在他們可以的時候以有意義的方式支持圖書館。激勵讀者運用圖書館。在社交媒體上共享圖書館公告?？梢缘臅r候常去圖書館，談論圖書館)可推斷，作者呼吁其他的作家們支持圖書館。故選C。35．主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，文章講解并描述了作者是一名熱忱地讀者，孩提時喜愛閱讀，工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習慣代代傳承下去，作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣揚圖書館。因此推斷全文圍繞“作者對圖書館的愛”綻開講解并描述。故D項“我對圖書館的愛”為最佳標題。故選D?！緦c模擬練】4Ha