2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit1PeopleofAchievement話題一成功人士課時作業(yè)含解析新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEUnit1PeopleofAchievementeq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(單元話題練))話題一勝利人士話題一勝利人士Ⅰ.閱讀AFredericFrancoisChopin,awell-knowncomposerandpianist,wasborninPolandonFebruary22,1810,toaFrenchfatherandPolishmother.AlthoughChopinlaterattendedtheLyceumwherehisfathertaught,hisearlytrainingbeganathomefromhismother.Bysix,Chopincreatedoriginalpieces,showinginnatewonderfulmusicalability.Atsixteen,heattendedtheWarsawConservatoryofMusic,directedbycomposerJosephEisner,whoinsistedonthetraditionaltrainingassociatedwithclassicalmusicbutallowedhisstudentstoinvestigatethemoreoriginalimaginationsoftheRomanticstyleaswell.Later,ChopinwassenttoVienna,theunquestionedcenterofmusicofthatday.Hegavepianoconcertsandthenhadhispiecespublished.WhileChopinwasinAustria,PolandandRussiafacedoffintheapparentbeginningsofwar.HereturnedtoWarsawtogethisthingsinpreparationofapermanentmove.Whilethere,hewasgivenasilvergoblet(高腳酒杯)filledwithPolishsoil.Hekeptitalways,ashewasneverabletoreturntohisbelovedPoland.Frenchbyheritage,anddesirousoffindingmusicalacceptance,Chopinventured(冒險)toParis.Interestingly,otheryoungmusicianshadgatheredinthecityoffashionwiththeverysamehope.ChopinjoinedFranzLiszt,etc,allproponents(擁護者)ofthe“new”Romanticstyle.NewsofthewarinPolandinspiredChopintowritemanysadmusicalpiecesexpressinghisgrieffor“his”Poland.Hitbypoorhealthaswellashishomesickness,Chopinfoundcomfortinsummervisitstothecountry.Here,hismostcomplexyetharmoniccreationsfoundtheirwaytothebrilliantcomposer'shand.AsthewarcontinuedinWarsawandthenreachedParis,ChopinretiredtoScotlandandsankintoadeeperdepression.AwindowinthefightingmadeitpossibleforChopintoreturntoParisashishealthworsened.Surroundedbythoseheloved,Chopindiedattheageof39.HewasburiedinParis.Chopin'slastrequestwasthatthePolishsoilinthesilvergobletbesprinkledoverhisgrave.1.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A．InViennaChopinmadehimselfwell-known.B．Chopinusedhismusictofightagainstthewar.C．ChopinreturnedtoWarsawtoescapefromthewar.D．Chopinwasforcedtoleavehisbelovedmotherland.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforChopin'sgoingtoParis?A．HisfatherwasFrench.B．FewerpeoplewerefondofmusicinParis.C．Hewantedtopopularizehismusicthere.D．TherewasnowarinParis.3．WhatwasChopin'sreactiontothewar?A．Hecalledforpeopletofightagainstit.B．Hefelldeepinadepression.C．HereturnedtoParistojoininthewar.D．Hewaskilledinthebattleat39.4．HowdidhisfamilyaffectChopin'searlyeducation?A．Heattendedtheschoolwherehisfathertaught.B．Hereceivedhisearlytrainingathomefromhismother.C．Hewasinspiredtocreateoriginalpiecesby6.D．Hewasfoundandencouragedbyhisparentstoshowinnatewonderfulmusicalability.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonWorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway：“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”5．Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann'sfatherbelievedthat________.A．a(chǎn)mathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoneyB．a(chǎn)mathematicianneededagoodmemoryC．vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD．vonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed6．VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof________.A．25B．26C．29D．327．HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A．Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B．Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C．Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D．Helostinterestinchemistry.8．Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferJohnvonNeumannwas________.A．calmB．braveC．intelligentD．humorousCLikemanychildren,youngLotteReinigerwascrazyaboutmovies,whichatthetimewereacompletelynewinvention.Shetaughtherselfhowtocutpapersilhouettes(剪影)ofpeople,animals,andobjects.“IcouldcutsilhouettesalmostassoonasIcouldmanagetoholdapairofscissors，”Reinigersaid.“Icouldpaint,too,andread...Buteverybodywassurprisedatthescissorcuts.”Atfirst,Reinigerwantedtobeanactress,butherskillatmakingsilhouettesdrewtheattentionoftheGermanfilmindustry.Before1927,filmsweresilent.Tohelptheaudienceunderstandthefilm,titlecardswithprintedtextappearedduringthefilmbetweenscenes.Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.In1918,shewasaskedtoprovidestop-motionanimation(定格動畫),inwhichobjectsarephotographedinaseriesofslightlydifferentpositionsandthenthosephotosarereplayedathighspeedsothattheobjectsappeartomoveontheirown.ItwasforwoodenratsinthemovieThePiedPiperofHamelin.Itwasabreakthroughthatledtoherownfilms,firstshortfilmsandthen,in1926,TheAdventuresofPrinceAchmed,thefirstfull-lengthanimatedfilm.AlthoughReinigeroncedescribedherselfas“aprimitive(原始的)cavemanartist”，herworkisnotsimple.Shecarefullycutbitsofcard,paper,andwire,creatingwonderfulshapes,andthenmadethemmoveanddancebyhands.Theblackshapeswerethenplacedoncolorfulbackgrounds.Shemademorethan60films,around40ofwhichstillsurvive,allcutbyherownhands.Mostwerebasedontimelessfairytales,likeCinderellaandSleepingBeauty.Reinigerwastrulyapioneerbothinanimationandforwomeninfilm-making.Thoughherlastfilmcameoutin1980,herstyleisstillinfluentialandcanoftenbeseenintoday'sfilms.9．WhatdoweknowaboutReiniger'scuts?A．Papersilhouetteswereherfavorite.B．Paintingandreadinghelpedhercuts.C．Shehadagiftforcuttingsilhouettes.D．Moviesexcitedherinterestinsilhouettes.10．WhatdidReinigerdotohelptheaudienceunderstandthesilentfilms?A．Shereplayedthefilmbetweenscenes.B．Shecutsilhouettesfortitlecardsinfilms.C．Shebrokeuplongfilmsintoshorterones.D．Shemadephotosoftheobjectsinthefilm.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph2referto?A．Creatingtitlecardsforfilms.B．Makingwoodenratsforafilm.C．ProducingTheAdventuresofPrinceAchmed.D．Bringingstop-motionanimationintoafilm.12．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeReiniger?A．Giftedandgenerous.B．Creativeandproductive.C．Honestandself-confident.D．Traditionalandhard-working.Ⅱ.七選五WilmaRudolphwasbornintoaverypoorfamilyintheBackwoodsofTennessee.Atfouraseverediseaseleftherwithauselessleftleg.Shehadtowearanironlegbrace.__1__Hermothertoldherthatdespitethelegbrace,shecoulddowhatevershewantedtodo.Soatnine,Wilmaremovedthelegbraceandtookthestepthedoctorstoldhershewouldnevertakenormally.Thenthisgirlwishedthatshewouldliketobetheworld'sgreatestwomanrunner.At13,sheenteredarace.Shecameinlast.__2__Everyonebeggedhertoquit!However,oneday,shecameinnexttolast.Andthentherecameadaywhenshewonarace.__3__WilmawenttoTennesseeStateUniversity,whereshemetacoachnamedEdTemple.Finallycamethe400-meterrelay.__5__ThefirsttworunnersonWilma'steammadeperfecthandoffswiththebaton(棒).ButwhenthethirdrunnerhandedthebatontoWilma,shewassoexcitedthatshedroppedit,andWilmasawJuttatakingoffdownthetrack.Itwasimpossiblethatanybodycouldcatchthisgirl.ButWilmadidjustthat!A．NobodyhadeverbeatenJutta.B．Thelittlegirlhadgreatnaturaltalent.C．ItwouldbeWilmaagainstJuttaonceagain.D．Nobodybelievedshecouldsucceedwithaleglikethat.E．Yetshewasfortunateinhavingamotherwhoencouragedher.F．Fromthenon,WilmaRudolphwoneveryracethatsheentered.G．Sheenteredeveryraceinhighschool,andineveryraceshecameinlast.Ⅲ.完形填空Turning50ischallengingenough.But__1__ajobat50intheworldofadvertising,well,thatwasreally__2__Forme,itwasn'tjustajob.Itwastheendingofa25-yearcareer.__3__Ifoundapart-timejobofcreatingadvertisementsforsomeofthebiggestcompaniesinAmerica.Inthefirm,Ihadteamsofpeopletoworkwith.Inmynewlife,itwasjustMe,MyselfandI.Andallthreeofuswere__4__bythetimeandthe__5__thatitwastoolatetostartover.AgainandagainI'm__6__oftheimportanceoflearning,experiencingandgrowing.Iwastiredbuthappy.OnedayIcamehomefromawalktofindalotofreddragonflies,__7__nearourhouse.Tomy__8__，theystayedforfourhoursthefirstday.Andcamebackthreemoredays.Butwhy?I__9__foranswers.Dragonfliesareborninthewaterand__10__mostoftheirlivescrawlingaroundthebottomofapondinalarvae-like(幼蟲狀)stateuptofouryears.Then,oneday,thedragonflycrawlsupontoaleaforstem,andoutintothe__11__.Andthat'swhenherwingsmagicallyopen.Suddenly,Igotit.I'madragonfly.AndI'mflying__12__inlife,too.AndallthatsadnessandworriesI'vebeen__13__hasactuallybeengrowingmywings.Inowhavethehonourofspeakingtoallwomen,sharingmy__14__art,myheartandthe__15__that“it'snevertoolatetofly”．1.A．gettingB．losingC．findingD．leading2．A.dangerousB．contentC．curiousD．a(chǎn)ctive3.A．UsuallyB．LuckilyC．HumorouslyD．Slightly4.A．forcedB．forgottenC．surroundedD．impressed5.A．delightB．emotionC．fearD．hesitation6.A．consultedB．remindedC．informedD．a(chǎn)dmitted7．A.flyingB．livingC．sleepingD．working8.A．satisfactionB．sorrowC．a(chǎn)mazementD．fright9．A.askedB．surfedC．a(chǎn)ppliedD．stood10.A．spendB．stopC．wasteD．pass11．A.groundB．spaceC．basementD．sunlight12.A．laterB．earlyC．fastD．slowly13．A.goingoverB．goingbyC．goingthroughD．goingfor14．A.creativeB．boringC．nationalD．brave15．A.storyB．messageC．secretD．trickⅣ.語法填空A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1.________(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2.________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3.________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene4.________(declare)shehadnoplans5.________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6.________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7.________becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8.________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas9.________joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's10.________(wonder)．”話題一勝利人士Ⅰ.閱讀A【語篇解讀】本文講解并描述了世界杰出的鋼琴大師肖邦不平凡的人生。1．答案與解析：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的Hegavepianoconcertsandthenhadhispiecespublished.可知肖邦在維也納起先成名。2．答案與解析：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的Frenchbyheritage，anddesirousoffindingmusicalacceptance,ChopinventuredtoParis.可知，肖邦去巴黎并不是因為巴黎沒有斗爭。3．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第五段的NewsofthewarinPolandinspiredChopintowritemanysadmusicalpiecesexpressinghisgrieffor“his”Poland.可知，肖邦得知祖國處于戰(zhàn)火之中深感哀思。4．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的hisearlytrainingbeganathomefromhismother可知選B。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹數(shù)學(xué)家JohnvonNeumann(約翰·馮·諾依曼)的生平事跡。5．答案與解析：A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段其次句中的At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician可知他父親認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)家的生活可能會比較清貧，故A項正確。6．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。由第一段第三句In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.和其次段其次句Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.可知他29歲時出版自己的第一本書。故C項正確。7．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段前三句可知，二戰(zhàn)使約翰·馮·諾依曼把數(shù)學(xué)理論應(yīng)用到實踐中，故B項正確。8．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。由文章最終一段第四句馮·諾依曼在描述自己開車撞到樹上的經(jīng)驗中，將靜止的樹木描述為“Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”可知他特別幽默，故D項正確。C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了女導(dǎo)演LotteReiniger的故事。9．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。依據(jù)文章第一段的敘述可知，Reiniger幾乎是從能握住剪刀起先就會剪影，從而可以推斷出Reiniger具有剪影的天賦。故選C。10．答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.”可知，Reiniger為電影中的字幕卡剪影來幫助觀眾理解無聲電影。故選B。11．答案與解析：D考查代詞指代。依據(jù)畫線詞所在段落中的“In1918，shewasaskedtoprovidestop-motionanimation(定格動畫),inwhich...ThePiedPiperofHamelin.”可知，It代指Reiniger把定格動畫引進電影。故選D。12．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“Reinigerhelpedcreatetitlecardsforfilms,usinghersilhouettes.”和倒數(shù)其次段中的“Shemademorethan60films,around40ofwhichstillsurvive,allcutbyherownhands.”可推斷出，Reiniger是一位具有創(chuàng)建力和多產(chǎn)的導(dǎo)演。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五【語篇解讀】威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪蛟谛r候曾經(jīng)得過重病，左腿失去功能。但她最終戰(zhàn)勝了疾病，成為奧運會歷史上最宏大的女子短跑運動員之一。1．答案與解析：E依據(jù)空格后句可知，她的媽媽激勵她。故E項符合語境。2．答案與解析：G依據(jù)下文的“大家都讓她放棄”可知，她一起先跑得不好。G項“她參與了中學(xué)的每一場競賽，每次都是最終一名”符合語境。3．答案與解析：F上文提到“后來有一天她贏得了競賽”。F項“從那時起，威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪蛎看味稼A得競賽”可承接上文。4．答案與解析：A依據(jù)下文的“但是在100米短跑中威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪蜈A了”可知，所填的句子和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，A項“沒有人能戰(zhàn)勝尤塔”符合語境。5．答案與解析：C依據(jù)下文可知，在400米接力賽中，威爾瑪和尤塔仍舊是對手。C項“又是威爾瑪和尤塔在此角逐”可引出下文內(nèi)容。Ⅲ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是爭論文。作者在50歲的時候失去工作，但是并沒有為此氣餒，而且找到了一份新的工作。一次偶然的機會，她看到了展翅翱翔的蜻蜓并了解了蜻蜓的進化之后感受很多。1．答案與解析：B依據(jù)本段最終一句話中的“foundapart-timejob”可推知，作者失去了工作。2．答案與解析：A依據(jù)本段第一句話中的“challengingen