2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit2Lessonsinlife突破語(yǔ)法大沖關(guān)教用文檔教案外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGEUnit2Lessonsinlife被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；須要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者或事務(wù)本身時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)。[視察例句]1．Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplanhadbeencarriedoutinthepasttwoyears.3．Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.5．Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.[歸納用法]一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be＋過(guò)去分詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式(以do為例)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendoneHadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone二、運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1．主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)成了主語(yǔ)，(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.→Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)．2．主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，可將雙賓語(yǔ)中的任何一個(gè)作為主語(yǔ)。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.3．短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丟掉后面的介詞或副詞)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)．Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，begoingto，beto，besureto，haveto等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋過(guò)去分詞”。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.5．當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。Peoplesayheisasmartboy.→Heissaidtobeasmartboy.→Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.→PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.→ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.[特殊提示]1．不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種狀況(1)表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(2)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如have，belongto等。(3)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(4)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(5)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)當(dāng)連系動(dòng)詞feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“起先、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。Theflowerssmellsweet.花兒散發(fā)著芳香。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布料簡(jiǎn)單洗。(2)breakout，shutoff，takeplace，turnoff，workout等短語(yǔ)表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。Thelampsonthewallturnedoff.墻上的燈熄滅了。[即學(xué)即練]翻譯/單句語(yǔ)法填空①這道菜嘗起來(lái)味道很美。Thisdishtastesdelicious.②Thesongwhichisbeingsung(sing)onthestagenowwasjustwrittenbyAlbert，forwhombeingafamousmusicianishisforeverdream.③Itisreported(report)thatmanypeopledieoftrafficaccidentseachyear.④Accordingtotheresultoftheinspection，theyfoundthattheinsectcontainsapowerfuldrug，solocalfarmerswereemployed(employ)tocatchtheinsects.⑤AttheendofDecember，thelibrary'soldandclassicbookswillbeput(put)onlinetoo，bringingborrowersalotofconvenience.⑥Facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeenextended(extend)intomanyareasofschoollifesofar.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Duringthe30daysbeforehewasputtodeath，hisfriendsandpupilswereallowed(allow)tovisithiminhisprison.2．Allthekidswillfit(fit)inthebackofthecar.3．Whenwegottothespot，theinjuredhadbeensent(send)tothehospital.4．We'vegottorememberthisgroupwantstolookathowtheInternetisbeingused/isused(use)intheclassroom.5．InUShighschool，everythingisrecorded(record)andgraded，includingyourgradesonquizzes，testsandfinalexaminations.6．Theworkersweremadetowork(work)tenhoursaday.7．Ihavebeentold(tell)thatonemorevolunteerwillbeneededthisyearandIthinkyouaresuitableforthejob.8．Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout(runout)．Wemustactimmediatelybeforethereisnoneleft.9．Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime，butalltheticketshadsold(sell)out.10．Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimeslastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuildingremains(remain)now.Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空Itistoughforanybasketballplayertogettothemajorleagues，butJimAbbotthadanextraobstaclethatshould1.beovercome(overcome)．Hemighthavebeenanaveragepersonifhe2.hadbeenborn(born)witharighthand.WhenAbbottwasyoung，otherchildren3.wereteasing(tease)himconstantly.Thisdidn'tstopAbbott.Helovedsports，andhepracticedconstantly.InhighschoolAbbott4.joined(join)theschoolbasketballteamandbecameapitcher(投手)fortheteam.Laterhe5.attended(attend)UniversityofMichiganonabasketballscholarship.In1987Abbott6.wasnamed(name)American'stopamateurathlete，andin1988hepitchedhiswaytoagoldmedalintheOlympics.ButAbbottdidn'tthinkhe7.wasfinished(finish)yet.Abbottwentstraighttothemajors.HepitchedfortheCaliforniaAngelsandlaterfortheNewYorkYankees.HowdidAbbottaccomplishallthiswithjustonehand？Thisiswhatfansoftenasked.JimAbbott8.wasseen(see)aleft-handedpitcher，notasaone-handedpi