高中英語語法權(quán)威解析一名詞性從句附練習(xí)題

在句子中起名詞作用句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses〕。名詞性從句功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一．主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句比擬It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子構(gòu)造，主語從句連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句那么是對(duì)句子某一局部進(jìn)展強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那場電影真可惜。b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生?！矎?qiáng)調(diào)句型〕d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎窗戶。〔強(qiáng)調(diào)句型〕2.用it作形式主語構(gòu)造(1)Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識(shí)(2)Itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪是…(3)Itis＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…Itissaidthat…據(jù)說…3.主語從句不可位于句首五種情況：〔1〕if引導(dǎo)主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首?！?〕Itissaid/reported…構(gòu)造中主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.〔3〕Ithappens/occurs…構(gòu)造中主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.〔4〕Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…構(gòu)造中主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.〔5〕含主語從句復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely4.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that那么不然。例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二．賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。1.作動(dòng)詞賓語(1)由that引導(dǎo)賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?,例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我聽說他參軍了。(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)賓語從句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她對(duì)我說她會(huì)承受我邀請(qǐng)。2.作介詞賓語，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們成功取決于我們之間合作。3.作形容詞賓語，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。注意：that引導(dǎo)從句常跟在以下形容詞后作賓語：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以將此類詞后that從句看作原因狀語從句。4.it可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正賓語that從句那么放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。5.后邊不能直接跟that從句動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如：正確表達(dá)：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that從句作直接賓語動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“構(gòu)造中，常見有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正確表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移假設(shè)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后賓語從句假設(shè)含有否認(rèn)意義，一般要把否認(rèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。三.表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般構(gòu)造是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句〞?？梢越颖碚Z從句連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等構(gòu)造。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞同位語名詞性從句。1.同位語從句功能同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位語在句子中位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明名詞后面，而是被別詞隔開。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別(1)定語從句中that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分〔主語或賓語〕，而同位語從句中that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語從句是形容詞性，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)展補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.〔他告訴我消息是湯姆明年將出國?！场驳谝粋€(gè)that引導(dǎo)從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語〕2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.〔湯姆將出國消息是他講。〕〔同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分〕名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1．____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.Whethe