統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時提能練4必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版

PAGE課時提能練(四)必修1Unit4EarthquakesA：學(xué)問層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空A(考查派生詞)Duetothe1．destruction(destroy)oftheirnaturalhabitat,wildanimalsinthisareaarebeingendangered.Toavoidanyserious2．injury(injure)towildlife,anaturereservewasbuiltlastmonth.Ourlocalgovernmentreceivedmanylettersof3．congratulation(congratulate)fromallwalksoflife.Manypeopledonatedmoneyasan4．expression(express)ofappreciationandsupport.Accordingtoa5．judgment(judge)madebysomeexperts,thisreservewouldhavean6．extremely(extreme)positiveeffectonthelocalecosystem.B(考查動詞)TyphoonMorakotcausedTaiwan'sworstdestructioninhalfacentury,killing15peopleand7．injuring(injure)numerous.Riverbanks8．burst(burst)duetotheheavyrain.Avillage9．wasburied(bury)byalandslidethoughthevillagershadbeenwarnedthattheirvillagewouldbeatriskof10．beingruined(ruin).Helicoptersweresenttothe11．destroyed(destroy)areasbecausemanypeople12．trapped(trap)undertheroofsneeded13．toberescued(rescue)．C(考查句型)Somestudents,mostofwhomaregirls,becometoostressed14．tosleep(sleep)wellthenightbeforeanimportantexam.However,15．a(chǎn)llteachersarenotskilledathelpingthemstaycalmandrelaxed.Someteachersevencompletelyignorethisfactasifitnever16．existed(exist).Experiencedteacherswillsaysomethinglike“Youcandoit!You'rethebest.”Everywheretheyencounteranervousstudent，theseencouragingwordsdohelpbuilduphis/herconfidence.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯(短文中有5處錯誤)Twobusescrashedinthecitycentre,causedthreedeathsandmanyinjuries.Thedeadwasthetwodriversandoneoldman.Inonebus,itsfrontpartwascompletelydestroyed,sat20passengersandmostofthemwereteenagers.Anarrowescapeleftthemshookwithterror.Soonambulancesarrivedandtookinjuredtothenearesthospital.Investigationsintothecauseofthecrasharestillunderway.【答案】Twobusescrashedinthecitycentre,eq\f(caused,causing)threedeathsandmanyinjuries.Thedeadeq\f(was,were)thetwodriversandoneoldman.Inonebus,eq\f(its,whose)frontpartwascompletelydestroyed,sat20passengersandmostofthemwereteenagers.Anarrowescapeleftthemeq\f(shook,shaking)withterror.Soonambulancesarrivedandtookeq\o(\s\up7(∧),the)injuredtothenearesthospital.Investigationsintothecauseofthecrasharestillunderway.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補全句子1．該公司太小，無法與大公司競爭。Thefirmistoosmalltocompeteagainstlargecompanies.2．如想通過考試，我就必需埋頭學(xué)習(xí)。IshallhavetoburymyselfinmystudiesifIamtopasstheexam.3．他與他們說話的口氣就像個孩子一樣。Hetalkedtothemasifhewereachild．4．搬進來之后，他們發(fā)覺并非兩個房間都沒裝空調(diào)。Whentheymovedin，theyfoundthatbothroomswerenotair-conditioned.5．從他說的話來看，他是一個明智的人。Judgingfrom/bywhathesaid,heisawiseman.B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·“四省八?！逼浯未谓虒W(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多樣性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71，497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2024，upfrom39，194inthesameperiodin2024，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(惡化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【語篇解讀】科學(xué)家和環(huán)保組織擔(dān)憂席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災(zāi)將加劇氣候變更危機，威逼生物多樣性。今年，位于巴西的部分亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)數(shù)量顯著增加。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing. B．Relieving.C．Ignoring. D．Improving.B[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段第三、四句可知，大片的熱帶雨林在世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色，因為它們汲取熱量，而不是將熱量反射回大氣中；此外，熱帶雨林還儲存二氧化碳并制造氧氣，以確保更少的二氧化碳被釋放。由此可知，熱帶雨林能夠減輕氣候變更帶來的影響。故可推知畫線詞的含義與“relieving”的含義相近，故選B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中Thomas所說的話“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所說的話“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas認(rèn)為任何森林的破壞都是對生物多樣性和人們的威逼，António認(rèn)為在全球氣候危機的狀況下，我們擔(dān)當(dāng)不起氧氣和生物多樣性的主要來源(即亞馬遜雨林)被更多破壞的后果。由此可推知，兩人意在表明，雨林大火導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)峻的后果。故選B。]【干擾項分析】依據(jù)上述分析可知，兩人并沒有強調(diào)生物多樣性成就了雨林的獨特性，故A項表述錯誤。3．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列舉數(shù)字是為了說明，亞馬遜雨林由于森林火災(zāi)的影響，其面積削減了一些。故選D。]4．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C[主旨大意題。文章第一段為文章的總述部分，表明本年席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災(zāi)將加劇氣候變更危機，威逼生物多樣性；其次至第五段介紹了亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)對生物多樣性以及森林面積等的影響，其中第四段又突出強調(diào)亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)數(shù)量顯著增加。由此可知C項符合題意。]B(2024·哈爾濱師大附中、東北師大附中、遼寧省試驗中學(xué)一模)Maybeyoutakevitaminsregularlysupportingbrainpower，orstockuponthesefoodsthatboostbrainhealth.ButnewguidelinesfromtheAmericanAcademyofNeurology(AAN)suggestthere'ssomethingbetteryoucandotokeepyourmindsharp.Aquarterofadultsaged80to84experiencemildcognitive(認(rèn)知的)impairment，accordingtoAAN.Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿爾茨海默癥)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline—andyoumightbesurprisedbywhattheyincludedandwhattheydidn't.Surprisingly，theAANguidelinesdon'tincludeanymedication(藥物)ordietaryrecommendations.Theauthorsstressthattherehaven'tbeenanyhigh-quality，long-termstudiesfindingfoodsormedicationcanhelpcognitivedecline.Theguidelinesalsosaydoctorscanconsidersuggestingcognitivetrainingtopatientswithmemorylossbutnotrelyonit.Atthepresenttime，thereport'sauthorssaytheevidenceistooinconclusivetosayforsureifbrainexercises，likememoryandattentiontrainingorproblem-solvingforeverydayissuesassociatedwithmemoryloss，arebeneficial.Still，thesemorningbrainexercisescan'tdoanyharm.Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines:Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline.Onestudyshowedadultswithmildcognitiveimpairmentwhodidresistancetrainingtwiceaweekscoredbetteronexecutivefunctionandassociativememoryteststhanagroupthatworkedonbalancing，stretching，andrelaxing.What'smore，anotherstudyhadolderadultsattendeitherbiweeklyhealthclassesorsessionsofaerobics，strengthtraining，balanceexercises，andmultitaskingtraining.Sixmonthslater，theoneswho'dexercisedregularlyscoredbetteroncognitivehealthandmemorytests，andhadlessbrainshrinkage.AANnowrecommendsdoctorstellpatientswithmemorylosstoexercisetwiceaweektokeeptheirmindssharp.Thisisthebesttimetoexerciseifyouwanttoimproveyourmemory.Itlookslikeyou'vegotjustonemorereasontocleartimeinyourscheduleforaworkout—evenifit'sonlyontheweekends.【語篇解讀】探討發(fā)覺，每周進行兩次熬煉會讓大腦保持敏銳，能夠改善老年人的認(rèn)知障礙。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impairment”inParagraph2referto?A．Error. B．Decline.C．Development. D．Presence.B[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段其次句中的“Toaddressthewidespreadproblem，agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimer's(阿爾茨海默癥)specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline”可知，為了解決這個普遍性的問題，一群神經(jīng)病學(xué)家和阿爾茨海默癥專家細致琢磨現(xiàn)有的探討來明確預(yù)防和治療認(rèn)知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，畫線詞應(yīng)與decline詞義相近，故選B。]6．ANNmaybeuncertainabout________．A．strengthtrainingB．resistancetrainingC．exercisingtwiceaweekD．morningbrainexercisesD[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)其次句可知，報告的作者說目前還沒有確鑿的證據(jù)來確定大腦熬煉是否有益。故D項符合題意。]7．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A．DailyexercisesarebeneficialtoAlzheimer's.B．TheAANguidelinesattachimportancetoworkouts.C．MedicationisofsignificanceintheANNguidelines.D．Stockinguponvitaminssupportingbrainpowermeansnothing.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN認(rèn)為每周熬煉兩次可以改善認(rèn)知衰退并建議醫(yī)生讓丟失記憶的病人每周熬煉兩次以保持大腦的敏銳。據(jù)此可知，AAN重視熬煉，故B項正確。]【干擾項分析】A項中的“Dailyexercises”(每天熬煉)不符合文意；依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者并沒有完全否定服用維生素，只是說有更好的方法來保持大腦的敏銳，故D項錯誤。8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.C．Science. D．Health.D[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段其次句為全文的主旨句，并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項新發(fā)覺——每周進行兩次熬煉會讓大腦保持敏銳，能夠改善老年人的認(rèn)知障礙；據(jù)此可推知，本文的主題為健康，故D項正確。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·貴陽市適應(yīng)性考試一)DuringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19，theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcohol-basedwater-freehandsanitizinggelifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.12．Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands，youmaycontaminate(污染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwthetissueimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcohol-basedwater-freehandsanitizinggelorsoapandwater.Keepatleastone-meterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople，particularlythosewhoarecoughing，sneezingandhaveafever，becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸的)diseaseproject(噴射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3．Avoidtouchingyoureyes，noseandmouthbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces，whichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes，noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands，youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavebeentoanareawheretheepidemichasbeenreported，orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysymptoms.Practicegeneralhygienemeasureswhenvisitingliveanimalmarkets，wetmarketsoranimalproductmarkets.4．Avoidcontactwithpotentiallycontaminatedanimalwasteorfluidsonthesoilorstructuresofshopsandmarketfacilities.5．Handlerawmeat，milk，oranimalorganscarefullytoavoidcross-contaminationwithuncookedfood.A．AvoideatinganimalproductsB．Ifyouaretooclose，youcanbreatheinthevirusC．Thishelpsknowthevirusifit'sonyourhandsD．AvoideatingraworundercookedanimalproductsE．Thishelpsremovethevirusifit'sonyourhandsF．StrictlyavoidanycontactwithotheranimalsinthemarketG．Coveryourmouthandnosewithatissuewhencoughingandsneezing【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了世界衛(wèi)生組織給公眾供應(yīng)的預(yù)防新冠肺炎的基本措施。1．E[本空是一個段尾句。本段主要講了要勤洗手，又結(jié)合語境可知，本空講的應(yīng)是勤洗手的好處，故E項符合語境。]2．G[依據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所處位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要講了咳嗽和打噴嚏時人們應(yīng)當(dāng)實行的措施，故G項符合語境，概括該段內(nèi)容。]3．B[本空是一個段尾句。本段主要講了與他人要保持的距離以及這樣做的緣由，故本空講的應(yīng)當(dāng)是這樣做的好處，或不這樣做的話可能會存在的風(fēng)險，所以B項符合語境。]4．F[分析本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講了人們?nèi)ナ袌鰰r應(yīng)當(dāng)實行的通用衛(wèi)生措施；空后講的是避開接觸商店或市場里可能被污染的動物廢物或液體，故F項符合語境。]5．D[本空是中心句。本段主要講了人們應(yīng)細致地處理生肉、奶或動物器官以避開生食導(dǎo)致的交叉污染，故D項與本段內(nèi)容相符，所以選D項。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·深圳市一般中學(xué)統(tǒng)一測試)Whenyoureadabook，you'veprobablynoticedthatabrandnewbookhasaratherspecialsmell，1．________differsfromthatofanolderbook.Wheredoes2．________comefrom?Therearethreesources—thepaper，theinkandtheglue.TheChinesefirstproducedpaper，oneofthegreatest3．________(invent)intheworld.Itismade4．________wood.Thewoodmustbeprocessedwithvariouschemicals5．________(add)tochangeitsstructure，toremoveacidandtowhitenthepaper.Thencomestheink—therearemanykinds.Somefadewithtime，whileothersget6．________(dark)thanyearsago.Finally，differentgluesareusedtojointhesheetstogetherandattachthecovers，whetherhardcovers7．________paperbacks.Therefore，youcansmelldifferentchemicals8．________(come)outofyournewbook.Today，theformsofbooks9．________(change)dramaticallysincethebirthofe-books.Theymightbe10．________(convenience)，butyoucan'tgiveyourcopytoothersasapresent，andtheydon'tsmellasnice.【語篇解讀】當(dāng)你讀一本書時，你會留意到新書會發(fā)出一種相當(dāng)特殊的氣味，這種氣味來源于紙張、墨水和粘書所運用的膠水。1．which[考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指代“aratherspecialsmell”，故填which。]2．it/that[考查代詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指代“aratherspecialsmell”，故用代詞it或that。]3．inventions[考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。依據(jù)該句中的“oneof”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填inventions。]4．from[考查介詞。此處表示紙是用木材制成的，應(yīng)用介詞from。bemadefrom意為“由……制成”，尤在原料已完全變更，無法分辨時；bemadeof意為“用……制成”，此時原料并未變更，仍可分辨。]5．a(chǎn)dded[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞add和其邏輯主語chemicals構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過去分詞形式。]6．darker[考查形容詞的比較級。依據(jù)空后的比較級標(biāo)記詞“than”和語境可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級。]7．or