2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit4SpaceExploration單元核心素養(yǎng)單元話題導(dǎo)讀Wefindthatthemoonisabout239,000miles(384,551km)awayfromtheearth,and,towithinafewthousandmiles,itsdistancealwaysremainsthesame.Yetaverylittleobservationshowsthatthemoonisnotstandingtill.Itsdistancefromtheearthremainsthesame,butitsdirectioncontinuallychanges.Wefindthatitistravelinginacircle—orverynearlyacircle—roundtheearth,goingcompletelyroundonceamonth,or,moreexactly,onceevery27and1/3days.Itisournearestneighborinspace,andlikeourselvesitiskepttiedtotheearthbytheearth’sgravitationalpull.Exceptforthesun,themoonlooksthebiggestobjectinthesky.Actuallyitisoneofthesmallest,andonlylooksbigbecauseitissoneartous.Itsdiameterisonly2,160miles(3,476km),oralittlemorethanaquarterofthediameteroftheearth.Onceamonth,or,moreexactly,onceevery29and1/2days,atthetimewecall“fullmoon”，itswholedisclooksbright.Atothertimesonlypartofitappearsbright,andwealwaysfindthatthisisthepartwhichfacestowardsthesun,whilethepartfacingawayfromthesunappearsdark.Artistscouldmaketheirpicturesbetteriftheykeptthisinmind—onlythosepartsofthemoonwhicharelightedupbythesunarebright.Thisshowsthatthemoongivesnolightofitsown.Itmerelyreflectsthelightofthesun,likeahugemirrorhunginthesky.我們發(fā)覺月球距離地球大約239000英里(384551公里)，在幾千英里范圍內(nèi)，它的距離始終保持不變。然而，很小(角度)的視察表明，月球并不是靜止的。它與地球的距離保持不變，但它的方向不斷變更。我們發(fā)覺它圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)圈，或者幾乎是一個圓，一圈轉(zhuǎn)一月，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，一圈27又1/3天。它是我們在太空中最近的鄰居，和我們一樣，它被地球的引力束縛在地球上。除了太陽，月亮看起來是天空中最大的物體。事實上它是最小的，看起來很大是因為它離我們太近了。它的直徑只有2160英里(3476公里)，也就是地球直徑的四分之一多一點。一個月一次，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，每29.5天一次，在我們稱之為“滿月”的時候，它的整個圓盤看起來很亮。在其他時候，只有一部分看起來是光明的，我們總是發(fā)覺這是面對太陽的部分，而不面對太陽的部分看起來是黑暗的。假如藝術(shù)家們能記住這一點，他們的畫就會變得更好——只有那些被太陽照亮的月球部分才是光明的。這表明月球本身不發(fā)光。它只是反射太陽光，就像掛在天空中的一面大鏡子。詞海拾貝1．observationn．視察2．continuallyadv.持續(xù)地3．gravitationaladj.引力的；重力引起的4．diametern．直徑；對徑；放大率；放大倍數(shù)SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinking課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ．重點單詞1．__astronaut__n．宇航員；太空人2．__procedure__n．程序；步驟；手續(xù)3．__mental__adj.精神的；思想的4．__intelligent__adj.有才智的；聰慧的；有智力的→__intelligence__n.智力；才智；才智5．__rocket__n．火箭；火箭彈6．__gravity__n．重力；引力7．__frontier__n.邊疆；國界；邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)8．__vehicle__n．交通工具；車輛9．__universe__n.宇宙；天地萬物→__universal__adj.普遍的；全體的；全世界的10．__determined__adj.有決心的；意志堅決的→__determine__vt.查明；確定；確定→__determination__n．決心11．__satellite__n．人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星12．__launch__vt.&n13．__orbit__n.(環(huán)繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍vt.&vi14．__giant__adj.巨大的；宏大的n.巨人；巨獸；偉人15．__leap__n.跳動；劇增；劇變vi.&vt.跳過；躍過16．__mankind__n．人類17．__agency__n．(政府的)特地機(jī)構(gòu)；服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)；代理處→__agent__n.(企業(yè)、政治等的)代理人，經(jīng)紀(jì)人18．__data__n.[pl.]資料；數(shù)據(jù)19．__disappointed__adj.悲觀的；懊喪的→__disappointing__adj.令人悲觀的→__disappoint__vt.使悲觀→__disappointment__n．悲觀20．__desire__n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→__desirable__adj.渴望的，有欲望的21．__independently__adv.獨立地；獨立地→__independent__adj.獨立的；獨立的→__independence__n．獨立→__dependent__adj.依靠的，依靠的→__dependence__n．信任，依靠→__depend__v．依靠；依靠22．__spacecraft__n.航天器；宇宙飛船23．__spacewalk__n.太空行走；太空行走的時間24．__jade__n.玉；翡翠；玉器25．__dock__vi.&vt.(兩架航天器)對接；(使)……進(jìn)港n26．__signal__vt.&vi.標(biāo)記著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標(biāo)記→__sign__n.跡象；征兆；手勢v．簽(名)；署(名)；打手勢Ⅱ．重點短語1．carry__on__接著做，堅持干2．__on__board在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機(jī)上3．__in__thehopeofdoingsth.抱著……的希望4．soas__to__(dosth.)為了；以便5．__at__theageof在……歲時6．graduate__from__從……畢業(yè)7．__in__thefuture在將來8．go__up__增長，上升；升起；被興建；被建立；被焚毀9．come__down__下來，下降，倒塌10．look__up__抬頭看；(在詞典、計算機(jī)等中)查閱11．find__out__弄清晰；查明12．focus__on__集中(留意力，精力等)13．believe__in__信任；信任14．__make__progress取得進(jìn)步15．__in__ashorttime在很短時間內(nèi)Ⅱ．重點句型1．Beforethemid-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt__travellingintospace__wasanimpossibledream.在20世紀(jì)中期之前，大多數(shù)人都覺得去太空旅游是一個不行能實現(xiàn)的幻想。2．Thesedisasters__made__everyone__sadanddisappointed__，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.這些災(zāi)難讓每個人都感到哀痛和悲觀，但探究宇宙的渴望從未消逝。3．Despitethedifficulties，scientistshopefuturediscoverieswill__notonly__enableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan,__butalso__helpussurvivewellintothefuture.盡管困難重重，科學(xué)家希望將來的發(fā)覺不僅能讓我們了解宇宙的起源，而且還能幫助我們很好地活到將來。Ⅳ．課文理解一、速讀文章并完成下面的問題Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1A．Whatpeopleachievedinthepastyears.Para.2 B．Whypeopledon’tstopexploringspacedespiterisks.Para.3C．Thefutureexplorationinspace.Para.4 D．Humanbeingsalwayswanttoexplorespace.Para.5E．TheachievementwhichChinahasmade.答案：Para.1－5DABEC二、細(xì)讀文章并選出最佳答案1．YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou__C__spacecraftin__C__.A．2；2000 B．3；2001C．5；2003 D．1；20022．Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage？__C__A．Nobodythoughtitpossibletotravelintospacebeforethemid-20thcentury.B．On14October1957theSputnik1satellitewaslaunchedbytheUSSR.C．Chinabecamethethirdcountrytoindependentlysendhumansintospace.D．Disastersinthespaceexplorationmadeeveryonesadbutnotdisappointed.3．Despiterisks,peoplecontinuetoexplorespacebecause__D__.A．wewanttoestablishmorespacestationsB．weplantocarrymorebravepeopleintospaceC．wecanprovideacontinuoushumanpresenceinspaceD．webelieveinthesignificanceofspaceexploration課內(nèi)要點探究重點單詞1．determinevt.查明；明確；確定eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句MyaimwasfirstofalltodeterminewhatIshoulddonext.我的目標(biāo)首先是要確定自己下一步該做什么。(2024·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.在天知道什么動機(jī)的驅(qū)使下，他確定寫一本書。Hisenemiesaredeterminedtoruinhim.他的敵人決意要毀了他。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)determinetodosth.確定/決心做某事determineon(doing)sth.確定(做)某事determinesb.todosth.使某人下決心做某事(2)determinedadj.堅決的；有決心的bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事bedeterminedthat...決心……(3)determinationn．決心；確定withdetermination堅決地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Ihavedetermined__on__goingtothecountrysideaftergraduatingfromcollege.②Heis__determined__(determine)totakegoodcareofhisparentsfromnowon.③The__determined__(determine)expressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewouldn’tchangehermind.④Helenwasastronggirlandshefinallyachievedherdreamwithgreat__determination__(determine)．⑤(北京改編)__Determined__(determine)tobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”．單句寫作⑥He__wasdeterminedtomakegooduseof__(下定決心好好利用)thischancetolearnmoreabouttheChineseculture.⑦PaulwasfondofChineseculture,sohe__determinedtosettle__(確定定居)inChina.一句多譯因為決心按時完成這項工作，他們馬上著手工作。⑧__Becausetheyweredeterminedtocomplete__thejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.(緣由狀語從句)⑨__Determinedtocomplete__thejobontime,theysetouttoworkimmediately.(形容詞短語作狀語)2．disappointedadj.悲觀的；懊喪的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown.城市里擠滿了悲觀的人們，他們不想在這里定居。Adamskisayshewasverydisappointedwiththemayor’sdecision.阿達(dá)姆斯基說他對市長的確定特別悲觀。IamdisappointedinmyselfwhenIthinkofhowmuchtimeI’vewasted.當(dāng)想到我奢侈了多少時間時，我對自己感到悲觀。Youmustbedisappointedatlosingthechance.失去這次機(jī)會，你確定很悲觀。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)bedisappointedat/bysth.對某事悲觀bedisappointedin/withsb.對某人悲觀bedisappointedtodosth.因……感到悲觀(2)disappointv.使悲觀；使破滅，使落空(3)disappointmentn.[U]悲觀，[C]令人悲觀的人/事(4)disappointingadj.令人悲觀的，掃興的(強調(diào)主語的行為或某事令人悲觀)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①AlthoughIwas__disappointed__(disappoint)Icouldn’tkeepthetoys,Iwassomewhatproudtotakethemback.②Tomy__disappointment__(disappoint),hisbehaviourcausesomemisunderstandingbetweenus.③Theteacherisdisappointed__at/about__Tony’sattitudetowardsstudy.④Weweregreatlydisappointed__toknow__(know)thatshewasabsent.⑤Thefansweredisappointed__in/with__thefilmstarwhentheylearnedsomenegativenewsabouthimonthewebsite.⑥Thefanslookedquite__disappointed__(disappoint)whentheyheardthe__disappointing__(disappoint)result.單句寫作⑦Theworkers__weredisappointedtofind__(悲觀地發(fā)覺)thattheycouldn’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthemachine.⑧We__aredisappointedat/about__(對……感到悲觀)yourpreviousbehaviour.3．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Ifyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.假如你想?yún)⑴c體育運動，你可以選擇從游泳到騎馬等活動。Theydesiretohelpthosewhoareinneedofhelp.他們渴望幫助那些須要幫助的人。Shedesireshimtosolvethisproblem.她渴望他能解決這個問題。Shedesiresthathe(should)staywithher.她渴望他跟她待在一起。Doyouhaveanintensedesirefortruthandhonesty?你是否對真相、誠懇有極強的渴望？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望做某事desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事desirethat...希望……(從句中用shoulddo結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略)(2)haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Hedesires__tojoin__(join)thearmyanddevotehimselftothecountry.②Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire__tosee__(see)thereport.③(2024·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高一期末)Fashionisacompetitiveandhardbusinesswherepeople’sdesire__for__newideasishardtosatisfy.④Atyesterday’smeeting,themanagerdesiredthattheproject__(should)befinished__(finish)ontime.一句多譯在場的全部學(xué)生都渴望上重點高校。⑤Allthestudentspresent__haveastrongdesiretogotoakeyuniversity__.(desiren．)⑥Allthestudentspresent__desiretogotoakeyuniversity__.(desirev．)⑦Allthestudentspresentdesirethatthey__(should)gotoakeyuniversity__.4．independentadj.獨立的；自主的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mozambiquebecameindependentin1975.莫桑比克于1975年獲得獨立。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)beindependentof不信任……；獨立于……之外(2)independencen．獨立；自主independencefromsb./sth.從……獨立(3)independentlyadv.獨立地；自主地(4)dependentadj.依靠的；依靠的dependencen．信任，依靠dependv．依靠，依靠eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①NotonlymyspokenEnglish,butalsomyabilitytolive__independently__(independent)hasbeenimprovedalot.②Alllivingthingsdepend__on__thesunfortheirgrowth.③Susanwantedtobeindependent__of__herparents.Shetriedlivingalone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.④Astudyabroadprogramcanteachstudents__independence__(independent)andimportantlifeskills.單句寫作⑤Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youshould__beindependentof__(不依靠)yourparents.⑥Manycountriesleftand__was/becameindependentfrom__(獨立于)theempireinthe20thcentury.5．signalvt.&vi.標(biāo)記著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標(biāo)記eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hesignalledtothewaiterforthebill.他示意服務(wù)員結(jié)賬。Hesignalledhertostopthecar.他示意她停車。Don’tstartyet—waitformetogivethesignal.先別起先——等我發(fā)信號。Aredlightisusuallyasignalfor/ofdanger.紅燈通常是危急的信號。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)signaltosb.向某人發(fā)信號/示意signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signalwith...用……發(fā)信號(2)asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信號eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析signal,symbol,sign,mark易混詞區(qū)分signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號symbol表示“象征”或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊的特別事物sign指人們公認(rèn)的事物的記號，也可指“征兆，跡象”mark既可指為便利分辨而有意做的“標(biāo)記”，又可指自然形成的標(biāo)記或有別于其他事物的特征eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thepoliceseemstobe__signaling__(signal)touswithhisarm.②Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwards__tosignal__(signal)thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.③Thefarsideofthemoonisararequietplacethatisfreefrominterferencefromradio__signals__(signal)fromEarth.④Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwas__a__signalforeveryonetostandup.⑤Thejudgesignaled__to__apoliceofficerandthemanwasledaway.選詞填空(signal/sign/symbol/mark)⑥InChineseculture,redisthe__symbol__ofluckandhappiness.⑦Youcanmakea__mark__whereyoucan’tunderstand.⑧Chestpainscanbeawarning__signal__ofheartproblems.⑨Hewalkedupanddown,asure__sign__ofbecomingimpatient.重點短語1．goup上升；增長；升起；被興建；被建立；被焚毀eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thepricesofhouseshavegoneup.房價已上漲。Newfactoriesaregoingupeverywhere.到處在興建新工廠。Thewholebuildingwentupinflames.整幢樓在大火中被焚毀了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)goupby上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)goupto上升到……(表示上升后的結(jié)果)(2)goafter追逐；追求goagainst反對；違反；不利于goahead進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展；做吧，干吧goalong進(jìn)展；接著goby(時間)消逝goover細(xì)致檢查goinfor愛好；參與考試(或競賽)goout出去；熄滅gothrough細(xì)致察看某事物，檢查某事物；經(jīng)驗，遭遇；(法律、合同等正式)通過godown(物價等)下跌；(溫度等)下降；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落到地平線下，落下gowithout牽強湊合；沒有……也行eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練寫出下列句中g(shù)oup的含義①Severalnewmallsaregoingupinthecentreofthiscity.__被建立__②Itispredictedthatfoodpriceswillcontinuetogoupinthenextfewmonths.__上漲__用go的相關(guān)短語完成句子③Tallbuildingsare__goingup__alongthenewroadleadingtothedowntownarea.④Ididn’t__goinfor__poetrybefore,butnowI’mbeginningtotakeaninterestinit.⑤Astime__goesby__，hefindsitimportanttolearnanotherforeignlanguage.⑥—ThewomanbiologisthadstayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.—Shemusthave__gonethrough__alot!單句語法填空⑦Togetabettergrade，youshouldgo__over__thenotesagainbeforethetest.⑧Iwasinthemiddleofpackingupmythingswhensuddenlythepowerwent__out__intheneighborhood.2．lookup抬頭看；(在詞典、計算機(jī)等中)查閱eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句ShelookedupfromherbooksasIenteredtheroom.我進(jìn)房間時，她放下書，抬起頭來看了看。Iftherearewordsyoudonotunderstand，lookthemupinadictionary.假如有不懂的單詞就查字典。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展lookafter照料；照看lookahead展望將來lookaround環(huán)顧；四下看lookat看；檢查lookbackon回憶lookdownupon/on瞧不起lookinto調(diào)查；審查eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Theylookdown__upon/on__thiskindofwork.②WhenIlookback__on__2014，I’mproudofwhatwehaveachieved.③WhenIcamein，hewasfocusingonhisnovelanddidn’tlook__up__.3．focuson集中(留意力、精力等)于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thediscussionfocusedonthreemainproblems.探討集中在三個主要問題上。Alleyeswerefocusedonthespeaker.大家的目光都集中在發(fā)言人身上。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展“集中留意力于/聚精會神于……”表達(dá)法集錦：concentrate(one’smind/attention)onbeburied/absorbed/lostinkeepone’smindonfocus/fixone’smind/attentiononloseoneselfin/buryoneselfineq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertofocus__on/upon__herstudies.②Catherinewasseatedinthesofa,totallyabsorbed__in__thebookaboutyouthanddreams.完成句子③Ican’t__focuson/upon或keepmymindon或concentrate(myattention/mind)on或focus/fixmymind/attentionon或beburied/absorbed/lostin或lose/burymyselfin__thebookwithhimsingingnextdoor.由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中留意力看書。4．carryon接著做，堅持干eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Afterthemeal,themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomtocarryontheirdiscussion.吃完飯后經(jīng)理們回到會議室接著他們的探討。Whateverdifficultywemeetwith,wewillcarryonwiththeproject.不管遇到什么困難，我們都將接著這項工程。Weallcarriedonsingingasifnothingoddwashappening.我們接著歌頌，就像什么怪事也沒發(fā)生過一樣。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)carryondoingsth.接著做某事carryonwithsth.接著某事(2)carry構(gòu)成的其他短語：carryout實施，執(zhí)行(指示、吩咐等)，完成(任務(wù))carrysth.through(克服困難后)把……進(jìn)行究竟，完成carrysb.through使某人渡過難關(guān)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①HavingreadstoriesofLinQiaozhi,thegirlwasdeterminedtocarry__on__withhergoodwork.②(湖北改編)Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarry__out__thesecrettask.③You’llhaveanaccidentifyoucarryon__driving__(drive)likethat.④Heaskedustoassisthimincarrying__through/out__hisplan.用carry短語的適當(dāng)形式填空⑤Althoughfacedwithsomanydifficulties,theystill__carryonwith__theirresearch.⑥Thesupportofhermother__carried__JaneGoodall__through__andshedevotedherselftothestudyofchimps.⑦Aftertwotrials，webeganto__carryout__thetask.⑧Theteamwillhaveto__carryon__withoutProfessorSmith.5．inthehopeofdoingsth.抱著……的希望eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewasstudyinginthehopeofbeingadmittedtoanengineeringcollege.他努力學(xué)習(xí)，希望能被一所工程學(xué)院錄用。Thisquestionmustbebroughtuptimeandagaininthehopeofattractinguniversalattention.這個問題必需反復(fù)講，以引起各方面的重視。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)inthehopeof希望……(of是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語)(2)inthehopethat/inhopesthat...希望……(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，進(jìn)一步補充說明hope/hopes的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Iamwritingtoyou__inthehopethat__(希望)youcanlendmesomemoneybecausemineisrunningout.②BobandhisyoungbrothercametoNewYork__inthehopeoffinding__(希望找到)well-paidjobstosupportthemselves.③Herparentssentherabroad__inthehopethat__(希望)shecouldgetabettereducation.6．soasto(dosth.)為了；以便eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Thejournalistraisedhishandsoastoearnachancetoaskthequestiontothespokesperson.那名記者舉手想獲得向發(fā)言人提問的機(jī)會。Themothercoveredthebabysoastoprotecthimfrombeinghurt.母親把嬰兒蓋起來為了愛護(hù)他免受損害。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津動詞不定式的一個主要作用，是在句中作目的狀語。inorderto或soasso則使“目的”更加明確。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析soasto,inorderto,inorderthat,sothat,so...astosoasto常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：soasnotto)引導(dǎo)目的狀語inorderto可置于句中或句首，引導(dǎo)目的狀語，意為“為了；以便”(否定形式：inordernotto)inorderthat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常有情態(tài)動詞can/could/may/might等sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常有情態(tài)動詞can/could/may/might等引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中不用情態(tài)動詞so...asto引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，意為“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...asnotto)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示當(dāng)用soasto或inorderto時，句子前后動作的主語須一樣。否則，用sothat或inorderthat。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練完成句子①Heranquickly__soasto(或inorderto)__catchthelastbus.他跑得很快以便趕上末班車。②Weturnedonthelight__sothat__/__inorderthat__wemightseewhatitwas.＝Weturnedonthelight__soasto__seewhatitwas.我們把燈打開，以便看看它是什么。③Sheis__so__angry__asnotto__sayawordinfrontofhim.她如此生氣以至于在他面前說不出一句話。單句語法填空④Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto__bereceived__(receive)intimeforChristmas.重點句型1．Beforethemid-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelttravellingintospacewasanimpossibledream.在20世紀(jì)中期之前，大多數(shù)人都覺得去太空旅游是一個不行能實現(xiàn)的幻想。(1)句式分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。主句的主語是mostpeople，felt是謂語，后面是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句。在賓語從句中，travellingintospace是動名詞作主語，was是系動詞，animpossibledream是表語。(2)v.-ing(短語)作主語①v.-ing(短語)作主語往往表示一般狀況或抽象動作，其被動形式為beingdone。②謂語動詞的數(shù)：單個的v.-ing(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式；但是兩個及以上的v.-ing(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要依據(jù)敘述的事來確定。假如是一件事，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式；假如是兩件或多件事情，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.大聲朗讀對我們學(xué)習(xí)外語特別重要。Beingpraisedbyhisteachermadehimregainconfidence.被老師表揚使他重新獲得了信念。Seeingmuch,sufferingmuch,andstudyingmucharethethreepillarsoflearning.見識多、遭難重、鉆研深是學(xué)問的三大要素。③當(dāng)use，good，worth，fun等名詞或形容詞作表語時，可用it作形式主語，把作主語的v.-ing后置。常見句型有：Itisnouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth.做某事沒有用/沒有好處/奢侈時間。Itisworthdoingsth.做某事是值得的。Ithinkitisnogoodreadinginbed.我認(rèn)為在床上看書沒有好處。Itisworthseeingthemovieforanothertime.這部電影值得再看一次。④v.-ing(短語)作主語時，假如要突出動作的執(zhí)行者，要在前面加上其邏輯主語，這個邏輯主語要用名詞全部格或形容詞性物主代詞，不能用名詞的一般格或人稱代詞賓格。Rose’scomingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.羅絲的到來不會有多大幫助。(不能用Rose)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①__Knowing__(know)thedifferencesbetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbehelpfultoyourexperiment.解析：句意：了解這兩項探討結(jié)果的不同將有助于你的試驗。②(2024·天津改編)Learningtothinkcritically(批判性地)__is__(be)animportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.解析：句意：學(xué)會批判性地思索是當(dāng)今兒童將來所需的一項重要技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是Learningtothinkcritically(批判性地)，為v.-ing短語作主語，表示一般性的陳述概念，故主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)是is。③(2024·江蘇改編)__His__(he)makingthesamemistakeagainmadehisteacherveryangry.解析：句意：他再次犯了同樣的錯誤，這使他的老師特別生氣。④It’snouse__worrying__(worry)aboutit.Youcandosomethingtochangeit.解析：句意：擔(dān)憂他沒有用。你可以做一些事情來變更它。⑤__Beingbrought__(bring)upinapoorfamilymadeTomveryhard-workingwhenhewasstillyoung.解析：句意：在一個貧困的家庭長大讓湯姆在很小的時候就很勤奮。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用v.-ing短語作主語，Tom與bringup之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填Beingbroughtup。2．Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.這些災(zāi)難讓每個人都感到哀痛和悲觀，但探究宇宙的渴望從未消逝。(1)句式分析：這是一個簡潔句。but連接兩個并列的分句，在前一個分句中，Thesedisasters是主語，made是謂語，everyone是賓語，sadanddisappointed是形容詞作賓語補足語；后面的分句中，主語是thedesire，toexploretheuniverse是不定式短語作后置定語，died是謂語。(2)“make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)的詳細(xì)形式：①make＋名詞/代詞＋不帶to的不定式。當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)用于被動語態(tài)時，不定式符號to要還原。②make＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞。該過去分詞與賓語是動賓關(guān)系。③make＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞。表示“使某人或某物變得……”。④make＋名詞/代詞＋名詞。表示“使某人或某物成為……”。⑤makeit＋賓補＋不定式(