上海市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（含答案）

上海市2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六七八總分評分一、GrammarandVocabulary，SectionA，Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1．Thisisthefirsttimethatthewholeprocessofablackhole____eatingastar,fromitsfirsttonearlyfinalbites.A．wasseen B．hasbeenseenC．hasseen D．hadseen2．Theexpression____herfaceand____hereyesisnow____wordsA．in,on,under B．in,in,overC．on,from,by D．on,in,beyond3．Heistheonlyoneofthebeststudentswho____chosentotakepartinthecompetitionsofarA．is B．a(chǎn)re C．havebeen D．hasbeen4．Feelingfearfulishealthy____ithelpsyouslowdownandevaluaterisksproperlyA．because B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)lthough5．Johnshowedmethephotoandsaid,"Thisistheverygallery____wevisitedlastmonth,notthefactory____fatherworkedlastyear."A．which;that B．that;that C．that;where D．which;where6．Ourparentsoftentoldusinthepastthat____isbelievingA．tosee B．seeing C．see D．tobeseen7．Mybestfriendisaboyfroma(n)____mountainousareaA．distant B．varying C．disgusting D．extinct8．Incrossculturalcommunication,misunderstandingsarealwayscausedbyeachother'scultural____A．range B．involvement C．unfamiliarity D．respect9．Anyway,don'tgiveinI'msurethetemporary____shouldnotbotheryoutoolongA．expectation B．setback C．exchangc D．a(chǎn)wareness10．Thesummersolsticemarksthelongestdayinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球)The____usedtobeanimportantancientChinesefestival.A．tradition B．climate C．location D．occasion11．Animalsinzoosmust____differentclimatesandseasonsinrelationtowheretheycomefromA．a(chǎn)djustto B．dependon C．referto D．takeon12．HisEnglishsoundsfairlynative,sowheredidhe____hisEnglish?A．learnabout B．huntfor C．pickup D．giveaway二、GrammarandVocabulary，SectionB，Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.語法填空Venice,oneofEurope'smosthistorical,romantic,anduniquecities,isindangerofdrowning-notinoneofitsfamedcanalsbutundertheweightofpeople.Since1980,therehavebeenmoretouriststhanresidentsinVeniceandrightatpresentthenumber13．(climb)rapidlyAstouristsarrive,sodobusinessestosupportthem.Small,localstoresarebeingreplacedbysouvenirshopsandfast-foodjoints;Lately,accommodations14．(transtorm)toAirbnbs,drivingthecostoflivinghereforeverupwardsAslocalsleavethecity,thevacuum(真空)isfilledwithyet15．(much)touristinvestmentandbeforeyouknowit,thecharmandcultureofoldVenicethatattractedushereinthefirstplacehasbeentransformedandlostIt'snowonderthat16．WorldHeritageCommitteehasmadeaplantoadd"VeniceanditsLagoon"toitsWorldHeritageinDangerlist.Veniceisnotalone.CroatianfavouriteDubrovnik,withhistoryandculturalexcellence,issufferingthesamefate.Therewere5,000residentsin1991,butin2017only1,157peoplewerelivingintheOldTown17．itbecameovercrowdedwithtouristsandbusinessesfloodingtothemDubrovnikisaconvenientstopforcruiseshipsmovingaroundthewatersoftheAdriaticanditspopularityhasgrownfurtherfollowingthesuccessofGameofThrones,18．wasfilmedthereManypopularlocationshavestartedtoapplystrategies19．(fight)therisingtideoftourismusingacombinationoflegislationandfinancialinstruments.Barcelonaislimitingthenumberoflicensesfortouristaccommodation20．reducingthenumberofcruiseshipsallowedtodock(停泊)AsmallernumberoftouristsareallowedtovisittheOldTownand21．willneedtopayacityentryfeeThetouristtaxisbeingincreasedtoapricehigherthan22．(expect)Venicehasrecentlyintroducedatouristfeetodiscourageday-trippers.三、GrammarandVocabulary，SectionC，Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.選詞填空A.reminderB.partnerCnon-fictionD.settingE.survivalF.acknowledgestastesH.symbolicI.valueJ.meaningK.graspsWhatmakestheperfectwinterread?Astheweatherturnsandtheskydarkens,autumnandwintercanoftenfeelliketheperfecttimeforcurlingupwithagoodbook.ButIwonderifit'sjustmewhofindsthatmyreading23．seemtochangealongwiththeseasons?ThebooksImightchoosetoreadinsomesunnygardenareverydifferentfromtheonesIwantwhenthewindisblowingoutsideandafewprecioushoursofwaterydaylightarethebestwecanhopefor.Ialways24．writingthatevokes(喚起)timeandplace,andinthemidstofthecoldest,darkestpartoftheyear,Iwantmorethaneverforabooktobe"aballoflight"inmyhands,asEzraPoundfamouslyonceputita(n)25．oflifeandloveIalsoneedacertaindegreeofcomfortnessinawinterread--somethingthatwillkeepmewarmwhentheweatherwon't!Givemegothic(哥特式的)buildinginthesnow,withheroineswhosepassionsburnbrightlyOrletmeescapecompletely,intosomefantasy26．butI'dstilllikemyforestsicyandpinesmellingGivemestoriesof27．a(chǎn)ndrebirthRemindmethatthistimeofyearhas28．,too.KatherineMay'sbeautiful,poeticdeepthoughtontheseason,Wintering,doespreciselythis.Seemingly,it's29．,combiningaspectsofherlifewithmoreuniversalthoughtsonhowwemightwinterwellButthere'salyrical(抒情的),30．qualitytothewritingthatconfusesplainconceptslike"genre"She31．thatinwinterweneeddifferenttoolstogetusthroughtheseasonanditalsooffersonesuchtool,sinceWinteringitselfistheperfectguidebookand32．toseeyouthroughuntilspring.That'swhybooksthathelpmeseethebeautyoftheseasonwillalwaysbehighonmylistofwinterreads.四、ReadingComprehension，SectionA，Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.完形填空RobotPetsInJuly,Unitree,aChinesecompany,launchedGo2,itssecond-generationroboticdog.Pricedfrom$1,270,thisrobotpetcanwalk,performhandstands,andtakephotographs.Equippedwithasmartspeaker,itrespondstovoicecommands.Go2joinsthemarketasthelatestinaseriesofattemptsbyscientiststocreatemachinesthatcandoeverythingarealanimaldoesandleavealotlessmessto33．a(chǎn)fterwards.ThefirstrobotdogavailabletobuywasSony'sAIBOReleasedin1999,AIBOwasa(n)34．hit3000unitssoldinjustunder20minutesinJapanItsnameisa35．of"artificialintelligence"and"robot".AIisacomputerprogrammethatcanlearnfromexperienceandperformtasksthatusuallyrequirehuman36．AIBOwasdiscontinuedin2006,butwentbackonsalein2017Withcamerasforeyes,AIBO37．obstaclesandsafelyexploresitssurroundingsVoice-recognitiontechnologyenablesittoturnitsheadtofaceapersonwhentheyspeak,andevenidentifydifferentvoices38．,thedoghasbeenprogramunedtorespondtophysicalcontact,suchastouchingitsbackorpattingitsheadjustthewayareallifepuppywouldreactAIBOalso"39．"overtime,anditsbehaviourchangesasitdevelopsfromaplayfulpuppyintoanadult.Electronicpetsare40．toysforchildren,thoughTheycanbevaluablecompanionsforolderpeople,tooIn2022,astudybytheUniversityofPlymouthfoundthatrobot41．couldimprovethewellbeingofelderlypeoplewholiveincarehomesandalsothosesufferingfromaconditionthataffectsthebrain.Theyfoundthatthecuterobotscanprovidealltheemotionalbenefitsofarealanimal,withoutanyoftheworkthatcomeswithtakingcareofone.Astechnologydevelops,robotpetswillbecome42．a(chǎn)dvancedWhetherornottheytaketheplaceofliving,breathing,barkingandpurringpetsinourhomesremainstobeseen.33．A．cleanup B．getintoC．sortout D．centrearound34．A．delayed B．instant C．gradual D．tricky35．A．renew B．reunionC．combination D．representation36．A．strength B．intelligenceC．responsibility D．a(chǎn)ppreciation37．A．detects B．signals C．overcomes D．processes38．A．Forinstance B．BycontrastC．What'smore D．Afterall39．A．varies B．fades C．a(chǎn)djusts D．matures40．A．morethan B．nothingbutC．nomorethan D．lessthan41．A．participation B．a(chǎn)ttemptsC．design D．companions42．A．literally B．increasingly C．ironically D．relevantly五、ReadingComprehension，SectionB，Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.閱讀理解Ashortperiodofsleeptakenduringthedayisknownasanap.Napsdon'tjusthavebenefitsforadultsatwork,though.Theycouldalsohelppupilstomakethemostoftheirschoolday.Studieshaveshownthata20to30-minute"beautysleep"makespeoplemorealertandfocused.Thisimprovespeople'sabilitytoremembernewinformation,whichwouldhelpschoolchildrenconcentrateduringlessons.Expertssaythatnappingalsoimprovesbrainfunctions,suchasmemoryandtheabilitytocompletedifficulttasks.Theschooldaystartsearly,whichmeansthatpupilsdon'talwaysgetenoughsleepbecausethere'snochancetohavealie-in.Addingnaptimeduringtheschooldaywouldhelpexhaustedpupilstomakeupforanysleepthey'velostfromgettingupsoearly.Therearelong-termbenefitstotakingashortnap,too.AccordingtoarecentstudyfromUniversityCollegeLondon,thebrainsofpeoplewhohaveregularnapsarebiggerthanthosewhodon't.People'sbrainsnaturallyshrinkwhentheygrowold,andtheresultsshowedthatlittlesleepscanhelppeople'sbrainstoagemoreslowly.Althoughanapcanseemlikeagoodidea,goingtosleepfortoolongcanactuallymakeyoufeelworse.It'snotverypleasanttowakeupfromadaytimenapfeelingconfusedandsleepy.Nappingduringthedaycanalsohaveanegativeimpactonhowwellyousleepatnight.Thiscancreateacycleofnotbeingabletosleepaswellatnight,leavingyoufeelingevenmoretiredinthedaytime.SleepexpertDrCleteKushidasaid,"It'sgenerallyrecommendedtomaximizesleepatnight."Anotherconsiderationisthattherereallyisn'ttimeintheschooldayforpupilstogotosleep.Someparentsandteachersareconcernedthatitwouldcausechildrentomisstoomuchlessontime.Pupilsmighttakeadvantageofthesystemandusetheirneedforanapasanexcusetogetoutoflessons.So,whatdoyouthink?Shouldschoolallowkidstohavenaps,orshouldyouwaituntiltheeveningtocatchuponyoursleep?43．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____A．childrenneedmorenapsthanadultsdoB．napsimprovememory,efficiencyandbeautyC．bothchildrenandadultsareequallyinneedofnapsD．napscanbringmorebenefitstochildrenthantoadults44．Accordingtothepassage,nappingfortoolongisnotadvisablebecause____A．itmayaffectahealthiercycleofsleepB．schoolkidswillfeeltoosleepytowakeupC．itcan'tmakeupforthesleeplostfromwakingupearlyD．itextendstheschooldayforkidstohaveenoughlessons45．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedabouttakingnapsaccordingtothepassage?A．It'sbetterforbabiestohaveasmanydaytimenapsaspossible.B．Regularnapscanslowtherateatwhichbrainsshrinkwithage.C．There'snoneedtoguaranteenightsleepifonehasregularnaps.D．Differentfromteachers,parentswanttheirkidstohavenaptimes.46．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ShouldSchoolsHaveNaptimes?B．HowCouldNaptimesBenefitKids?C．AreKidsLosingTooMuchSleep?D．DoYouGetEnoughDaytimeSleep?閱讀理解Ifyou'veeverseenariverrushingdownamountainorplayedinbreakingwavesatthebeach,you'llknowthatmovingwatercontainsalotofenergy.Arivercanpushyouandyourboatdownstream,sometimesquickly,andwavescrashingintoyouatthebeachcanknockyouback,orevenknockyouover.Thisenergyofmovingwateroriginatesfromthewatercycle,wherewaterevaporatesorisreleasedfromplants,risestohighersealevel,cools,andchangesintoliquid,formingclouds.Rainorsnowthatfallsfromthesecloudsflowsdownhillduetogravity,formingriversormeltingintoexistingwaterpaths.Hydropower(水電)usesthisenergyfromflowingwater.Itusesturbines,whichareturnedbymovingwater.Theseturbinesturnaroundarotorinsideadevicecalledgenerator,turningthemotionintoelectricitywiththehelpofmagnets.Therearetwoprimarytypesofhydropowerfacilities(設(shè)施).Thefirstiscalledtherun-of-the-riverfacilities,whichchannelriverwaterthroughturbines.Theelectricityproductionfollowsthetimingoftheriverflow.Whenariverisrunningfullwithlotsofspringrainormeltwater,theturbinecanproducemoreelectricity.Laterinthesummer,whentheriverflowdecreases,sodoestheturbine'soutput.Thesetypesofpowerstationsaretypicallysmallandeasytobuild,butthereislimitedabilitytocontroltheamountofelectricitytheyproduce.Thesecondtypeisthedam(大壩)-basedfacilities.Theseuseasoliddamtoholdbacktheflowofariverandcreateanartificiallakebehindit.Thedamoperatorreleaseswaterfromthislake,whichflowsthroughpipesinsidethedam.Turbineswithinthedamgenerateelectricityasthewaterpassesthroughthem,andthenthewaterflowsouttheotherside.Thesefacilitiesareusuallylargeandcanaffectriverhabitats,buttheycanalsoproducealotofelectricityinacontrollablemanner.Hydropowerdependsontheavailabilityofwaterinflowingrivers.Asclimatechangeaffectsthewatercycle,someregionsmayhavelessrainfallandthereforelesshydropowergeneration.Sincehydropowerisaformofrenewableelectricity,itcanplayaroleinlimitingclimatechange.Hydropowerfacilitiescanalsohelpavoidanyimbalanceinelectricityproductionfromwindfarmsandsolarpowerplants.47．Theunderlinedword"evaporate"inparagraph2canbereplacedby"____"A．formacircle B．turnintoagasC．falltotheground D．changeintoliquid48．Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingwordsbestfitstheboxwith"?"inthepictureofahydropowersetup?A．turbine B．magnet C．pipe D．rotor49．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwobasictypesofhydropowerfacilitiesmentionedinthepassage?A．Onlydam-basedfacilitiesusewatertogenerateelectricityandtheyareeasytoconstruct.B．Electricityproductionbytherun-of-the-riverfacilitiesdoesn'tvarywithriverflow.C．Dam-basedfacilitiesprovideamoreconsiderableandadjustableelectricitysupply.D．Run-of-the-riverfacilitieshavealargerimpactonriverhabitatsthandam-basedfacilities.50．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardshydropower?A．Optimistic B．Critical C．Doubtful D．Indifferent六、ReadingComprehension，SectionC，Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.任務(wù)型閱讀A.Forinstance,aretheplantsinareaswhereyouspendalotoftime?B.Halfthefunofgardeningisthatyouneverknowexactlywhat'sgoingtocomeup.C.It'safeel-goodhobbythat'ssupportedbyscience.D.Whileindoorgardeningcanboostyourfeelingsofwellbeing,helpreducestressandpromoterelaxation,it'snot,ofcourse,asubstituteforatrainedmentalhealthprofessional.E.Thetheoryisthatplantcarehelpsusfocusonthepresentmomentandprovidesafeelingofaccomplishment.F.Justoneplantcanmakeadifference.Keepingabitoftheoutdoorsinsideisnothingnew,buthouseplantcollectionshavebecomeapopularsocialmediatrend--whichmeansthatmorepeoplethaneverarediscoveringthecomfortandbeautythatcaringforplantsbrings.51．Exposuretogreenery,whetheryouhaveindoorplants,takewalksoutsideortendtoagarden,hasbeenfoundtohavemultiplemental-healthbenefits,suchasloweringstress,decreasingfeelingsofdepression,increasingsociability,restoringfocus,improvingcognitiveperformance,improvingmoodandincreasingself-esteem."Onestudyshowedthatpatientsatahospitalwhobadplantsintheirroomreportedlesspain,lowerbloodpressure,lessfatigueandlessanxietythanpatientswithoutplantsintheirrooms,"saysJennySeham,aNewYork-basedpsychologist.Sheexplains:"Cortisol,thestresshormone,hasbeenshowntolowerwithplantinteraction,reducingfatigue,irritability(易怒)andbloodpressure."Researchhasalsoshownthathavingplantsandgardeningincreaseproductivityandlevelsofscrotonin,theneurotransmitterresponsibleforliftingourmood52．Anditisalsoopposedtodwellingonthepastorworryingaboutthefuture.Beforeyoufillyourspacewithgreenery,considerhowyou'llinteractwithyourplants53．Canyoucareforthemdaily?Ifyouhaveasmallspaceoraren'tsurehowmuchtimeyou'rewillingtoinvestin"plantparenting,"startslow"54．Itcanengageyoubyitssmellorcolour,creatingapositivemoodresponsewitheveryinteraction,"saysSeham.七、Translation(請將以下所有答案均寫在答題紙上)SectionA，Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesinEnglishaccordingtothesentencesgiveninChinese.55．這位著名藝術(shù)家的畫作是他內(nèi)心最深處的思想和情感的一種創(chuàng)造性表達。Thisfamousartist'spaintingswereofhisdeepest56．這本書反映了作者的智慧和經(jīng)驗，因此受到了讀者的青睞。Thebookreflected,andthereforeitreceived57．家長們期望孩子可以通過積極參加這個活動，對成年人的責(zé)任有更深的理解。Parentsexpecttheirchildrentohavebyactively58．解決這個煩人問題的方法是好好平衡工作和休息。workingoutthisannoyingproblemistowell59．他生氣地盯著她看，問道："你意識到危險了嗎?"Heandasked,"Areyou?"八、Translation，SectionB，Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.60．應(yīng)該采取積極措施來防止疾病蔓延。(prevent)61．他決定無視網(wǎng)上那些不相干的評論，只專注于手頭上的任務(wù)。(ignore)62．就個人來說，我寧愿不看人人向往的日出，也不愿不顧安全，半夜三更去徒步登山。(prefer)

答案解析部分1．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：這是第一次觀測到黑洞吞噬恒星的整個過程，從它的第一口到幾乎最后一口。Thisisthefirsttimethat...表示"這是第一次……"，that引導(dǎo)的從句中使用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句主語"process"和動詞"see"之間是被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，主語表示單數(shù)意義，故選B。

【點評】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致，本題涉及現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)以及固定句式Thisisthefirsttimethat...。2．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：她臉上和眼睛里的表情已經(jīng)無法用言語形容了。第一空表示"在臉上"應(yīng)用onone'sface；第二空表示"在眼里"短語為inone'seyes；第三空表示"無法形容"短語為beyondwords。故選D。

【點評】考查介詞辨析，以及固定短語onone'sface；inone'seyes以及beyondwords。3．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：到目前為止，他是唯一一個被選中參加比賽的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生。此處是定語從句的謂語動詞，先行詞one是被theonly限定，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)句意，從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，故選D。

【點評】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致，本題涉及現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。4．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：感到恐懼是有益于健康的，因為它能幫助你慢下來，正確評估風(fēng)險。A.because"因為"；B.until"直到"；C.before"在……之前"；D.although"雖然"。根據(jù)語境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），連詞引導(dǎo)的從句部分則在具體描述為何說是有益于健康的，這是一個原因狀語從句，故選A。

【點評】考查狀語從句，本題涉及because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。5．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：約翰給我看了照片，說："這就是我們上個月參觀的畫廊，不是爸爸去年工作的工廠。"____wevisitedlastmonth是限制性定語從句修飾先行詞gallery，在從句作賓語，且由thevery修飾只能用that引導(dǎo)；____fatherworkedlastyear是限制性定語從句修飾先行詞factory，在從句作地點狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故選C。

【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。6．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：我們的父母過去常告訴我們眼見為實。呼應(yīng)表語believing，此處應(yīng)用動名詞seeing作主語；seeingisbelieving"眼見為實"，動名詞作主語。故選B。

【點評】考查動名詞，本題涉及動名詞作主語。7．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：我最好的朋友是一個來自遙遠山區(qū)的男孩。A.distant"遙遠的"；B.varying"不同的"；C.disgusting"令人反感的"；D.extinct"滅絕的"。根據(jù)后文"mountainousarea"指來自遙遠山區(qū)。故選A。

【點評】考查形容詞詞義辨析，區(qū)分distant；varying；disgusting和extinct的含義。8．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：在跨文化交際中，誤解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。A.range"范圍"；B.involvement"參與"；C.unfamiliarity"不熟悉"；D.respect"尊敬"。根據(jù)"Incross-culturalcommunication,misunderstandingsarealwayscaused"及常識可知，誤解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。故選C。

【點評】考查名詞詞義辨析，區(qū)分range；involvement；unfamiliarity和respect的含義。9．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：無論如何，不要屈服。我相信暫時的挫折不會困擾你太久。A.expectation"期待"；B.setback"挫折"；C.exchange"交換"；D.awareness"意識"。根據(jù)"don'tgivein"可知，此處表示"暫時的挫折"。故選B。

【點評】考查名詞詞義辨析，區(qū)分expectation；setback；exchange和awareness的含義。10．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：夏至標志著北半球白晝最長的一天。這個時候曾經(jīng)是中國古代一個重要的節(jié)日。A.tradition"傳統(tǒng)"；B.climate"氣候"；C.location"位置"；D.occasion"（某事發(fā)生的）時刻，時候"。根據(jù)句意可知，夏至標志著北半球白晝最長的一天。這個時候曾經(jīng)是中國古代一個重要的節(jié)日。故選D。

【點評】考查名詞詞義辨析，區(qū)分tradition；climate；location和occasion的含義。11．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：動物園里的動物必須根據(jù)它們來自的地方來適應(yīng)不同的氣候和季節(jié)。A.adjustto"調(diào)整，適應(yīng)"；B.dependon"依靠"；C.referto"提及"；D.takeon"承擔(dān)"。動物園里的動物來自不同地方，要想生存下去，就要調(diào)整狀態(tài)適應(yīng)不同的氣候和季節(jié)。故選A。

【點評】考查動詞短語辨析，區(qū)分adjustto；dependon；referto和takeon的含義。12．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：他的英語聽起來相當(dāng)?shù)氐?，他的英語是從哪里學(xué)來的？A.learnabout"了解"；B.huntfor"尋找"；C.pickup"習(xí)得，學(xué)會"；D.giveaway"捐贈"。根據(jù)"HisEnglishsoundsfairlynative"可知，此處是"學(xué)會英語"，故選C。

【點評】考查動詞短語辨析，區(qū)分learnabout；huntfor；pickup和giveaway的含義?！敬鸢浮?3．isclimbing；14．havebeentransformed；15．more；16．the；17．a(chǎn)s/since/because；18．which；19．tofight；20．a(chǎn)swellas；21．they；22．expected【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了威尼斯，這個歐洲歷史最悠久、最浪漫、最獨特的城市之一，正面臨著"溺水"的危險——不是被它著名的運河淹沒，而是被人的數(shù)量淹沒。自1980年以來，威尼斯的游客數(shù)量就超過了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘢壳斑@一數(shù)字還在迅速攀升。

【點評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂一致，形容詞，冠詞，狀語從句，定語從句，非謂語動詞，代詞，省略以及固定搭配等多個知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。13．句意：自1980年以來，威尼斯的游客數(shù)量就超過了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，目前這一數(shù)字還在迅速攀升。此處是謂語動詞，根據(jù)atpresent可知，此處應(yīng)為表示正在進行的動作，為現(xiàn)在進行時，主語thenumber為單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填isclimbing。14．句意：最近，這里的住宿設(shè)施被改造成了Airbnbs，導(dǎo)致這里的生活成本永遠在上升。此處是謂語動詞，根據(jù)Lately可知，此處應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，主語accommodations和動詞transform為被動關(guān)系，所以為現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填havebeentransformed。15．句意：隨著當(dāng)?shù)厝穗x開這座城市，更多的旅游投資填補了這個真空，在你意識到之前，最初吸引我們來到這里的老威尼斯的魅力和文化已經(jīng)改變并消失了。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為much的比較級more"更多的"，故填more。16．句意：難怪世界遺產(chǎn)委員會計劃將"威尼斯及其瀉湖"列入《世界瀕危遺產(chǎn)名錄》。此處為表示特指概念，應(yīng)用定冠詞the，theWorldHeritageCommittee"世界遺產(chǎn)委員會"。故填the。17．句意：1991年有5000名居民，但2017年只有1157人住在老城區(qū)，因為游客和企業(yè)涌入，老城區(qū)變得擁擠不堪。分析句子可知，此處為連詞as/since/because"因為"引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填as/since/because。18．句意：杜布羅夫尼克是游覽亞得里亞海的游輪的方便?？康?，隨著《權(quán)力的游戲》在這里取景的成功，杜布羅夫尼克的受歡迎程度進一步提高。wasfilmedthere是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Dubrovnik，在從句中作主語成分，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。19．句意：許多受歡迎的地方已經(jīng)開始運用立法和金融手段相結(jié)合的策略來對抗日益高漲的旅游業(yè)。此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tofight。20．句意：巴塞羅那正在限制旅游住宿許可證的數(shù)量，并減少獲準?？康挠屋啍?shù)量。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為固定短語aswellas表示"同時，也"。故填aswellas。21．句意：少數(shù)游客被允許參觀老城區(qū)，他們需要支付城市入場費。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用代詞they指代上文中提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞Asmallernumberoftourists"少數(shù)游客"作主語。故填they。22．句意：旅游稅被提高到比預(yù)期更高的價格。此處為than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句的省略用法，這里的thanexpected是thanitis(was)expected的省略。故填expected。

【答案】23．G；24．I；25．A；26．D；27．E；28．J；29．C；30．H；31．F；32．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么才是完美的冬季閱讀。

【點評】考查選詞填空，考查詞匯在篇章中的運用能力，答題時首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素，最后通讀一遍檢查驗證。23．句意：但我想知道，是否只有我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的閱讀品味似乎隨著季節(jié)而變化？空后seemtodo為動詞短語，此處應(yīng)為名詞作主語成分，tastes為名詞，和空前的reading構(gòu)成名詞短語readingtastes"閱讀品味"，符合句意。故選G。24．句意：我一直很看重能喚起時間和地點的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的時候，我比以往任何時候都更希望一本書能像埃茲拉·龐德(EzraPound)那句名言所說的那樣，成為我手中的"一團光"，提醒我生活和愛。此處應(yīng)為動詞作句子的謂語成分，value"重視"為動詞，符合句意。故選I。25．句意：我一直很看重能喚起時間和地點的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的時候，我比以往任何時候都更希望一本書能像埃茲拉·龐德(EzraPound)那句名言所說的那樣，成為我手中的"一團光"，提醒我生活和愛?？涨盀楣谠~a(n)，此處應(yīng)為名詞形式，reminder"提醒的事物"為名詞，符合句意。故選A。26．句意：或者讓我完全逃離，進入一些幻想的環(huán)境——但我仍然喜歡我的森林冰冷，散發(fā)著松樹的氣味。空前為形容詞fantasy，此處應(yīng)為名詞形式，setting"環(huán)境"為名詞，符合句意。故選D。27．句意：給我講講生存和重生的故事?？蘸骯nd連接的re-birth為名詞，此處也應(yīng)為名詞形式，構(gòu)成并列名詞短語作空前介詞of的賓語成分，survival"生存"為名詞，符合句意。故選E。28．句意：提醒我，每年的這個時候也有意義?？涨盀橹^語動詞has，此處應(yīng)為名詞作賓語，meaning"意義"為名詞，符合句意。故選J。29．句意：從表面上看，這是一部紀實小說，結(jié)合了她生活的方方面面，以及我們?nèi)绾芜^冬的更普遍的想法?？涨盀橄祫釉~is，此處應(yīng)為名詞作句子的表語成分，non-fiction"紀實小說"為名詞，符合句意。故選C。30．句意：但這些作品有一種抒情的、象征性的品質(zhì)，混淆了"體裁"等簡單的概念?？蘸鬄槊~quality，此處應(yīng)為形容詞形式和空前的形容詞lyrical構(gòu)成并列定語修飾該名詞，symbolic"象征性的"為形容詞，符合句意。故選H。31．句意：她承認，在冬天，我們需要不同的工具來度過這個季節(jié)，而它也提供了這樣一種工具，因為《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南書，也是陪伴你度過春天的伴侶。此處為動詞作句子的謂語成分，acknowledges"承認"為動詞，為一般現(xiàn)在時。符合句意。故選F。32．句意：她承認，在冬天，我們需要不同的工具來度過這個季節(jié)，而它也提供了這樣一種工具，因為《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南書，也是陪伴你度過春天的伴侶。空前為and連接的guidebook為名詞短語，此處也應(yīng)為名詞形式，partner"伴侶，搭檔"為名詞，符合句意。故選B?！敬鸢浮?3．A；34．B；35．C；36．B；37．A；38．C；39．D；40．A；41．D；42．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了今年7月，中國公司Unitree推出了第二代機器狗Go2。這款機器人寵物售價1270美元起，可以走路、倒立和拍照。它配備了一個智能揚聲器，可以響應(yīng)語音命令，以及隨著科技的發(fā)展，機器人寵物將變得越來越先進。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。33．句意：Go2加入了市場，是科學(xué)家們一系列嘗試的最新成果，他們試圖創(chuàng)造出能做所有真實動物會做的事情的機器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。A.cleanup"清理"；B.getinto"進入"；C.sortout"解決"；D.centrearound"圍繞"。根據(jù)句意以及空前"thatcandoeverythingarealanimaldoes"提到能做所有真實動物會做的事情，可知，此處應(yīng)表示他們試圖創(chuàng)造出能做所有真實動物會做的事情的機器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。故選A。34．句意：1999年發(fā)布的AIBO一炮而紅，在日本不到20分鐘就賣出了3000臺。A.delayed"延遲"；B.instant"立刻的"；C.gradual"漸漸的"；D.tricky"難對付的"。根據(jù)空后"3000unitssoldinjustunder20minutesinJapan"在日本不到20分鐘就賣出了3000臺，可知，此處應(yīng)表示1999年發(fā)布的AIBO一炮而紅。故選B。35．句意：它的名字是"人工智能"和"機器人"的組合。A.renew"更新"；B.reunion"團聚"；C.combination"組合"；D.representation"代表"。根據(jù)空后"‘a(chǎn)rtificialintelligence'and‘robot'"以及AIBO的字母組合可知，此處應(yīng)表示它的名字是"人工智能"和"機器人"的組合。故選C。36．句意：人工智能是一種計算機程序，可以從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)，并執(zhí)行通常需要人類智能的任務(wù)。A.strength"力氣"；B.intelligence"智能"；C.responsibility"責(zé)任"；D.appreciation"感激"。根據(jù)空前"AIisacomputerprogrammethatcanlearnfromexperienceandperformtasks"提到人工智能是一種計算機程序，可知，此處應(yīng)表示從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)，并執(zhí)行通常需要人類智能的任務(wù)。故選B。37．句意：AIBO的眼睛有攝像頭，可以探測障礙物并安全地探索周圍環(huán)境。A.detects"探測"；B.signals"發(fā)信號"；C.overcomes"克服"；D.processes"加工"。根據(jù)句意以及空后"obstaclesandsafelyexploresitssurroundings"提到障礙物，可知，此處應(yīng)表示可以探測障礙物并安全地探索周圍環(huán)境。故選A。38．句意：更重要的是，這只狗已經(jīng)被編程為對身體接觸做出反應(yīng)，比如觸摸它的背部或拍它的頭——就像現(xiàn)實生活中的小狗會做出的反應(yīng)一樣。A.Forinstance"例如"；B.Bycontrast"相比之下"；C.What'smore"此外，更重要的是"；D.Afterall"畢竟"。根據(jù)空后"thedoghasbeenprogrammedtorespondtophysicalcontact,suchastouchingitsbackorpattingitshead—justthewayareal-lifepuppywouldreact."提到其它的功能可知，此處應(yīng)表示補充說明的情況。故選C。39．句意：AIBO也會隨著時間的推移而"成熟"，它的行為會隨著它從一只頑皮的小狗成長為一只成年狗而改變。A.varies"不同"；B.fades"消退"；C.adjusts"調(diào)整"；D.matures"成熟"。根據(jù)空后"anditsbehaviourchangesasitdevelopsfromaplayfulpuppyintoanadult."提到它的行為會隨著它從一只頑皮的小狗成長為一只成年狗而改變，可知，此處應(yīng)表示AIBO也會隨著時間的推移而成熟。故選D。40．句意：不過，電子寵物不僅僅是孩子們的玩具。A.morethan"不僅僅"；B.nothingbut"只有，僅僅是"；C.nomorethan"不超過"；D.lessthan"少于"。根據(jù)下文"Theycanbevaluablecompanionsforolderpeople,too."提到老年人也很喜歡電子寵物，可知，此處應(yīng)表示電子寵物不僅僅是孩子們的玩具。故選A。41．句意：2022年，普利茅斯大學(xué)的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，機器人伴侶可以改善住在養(yǎng)老院的老年人的健康狀況，也可以改善那些患有影響大腦疾病的人的健康狀況。A.participation"參加"；B.attempts"嘗試"；C.design"設(shè)計"；D.companions"伴侶，陪伴"。根據(jù)空后"couldimprovethewellbeingofelderlypeoplewholiveincarehomesandalsothosesufferingfromaconditionthataffectsthebrain."提到它的一些功能和作用，可知，此處應(yīng)表示機器人伴侶可以改善住在養(yǎng)老院的老年人的健康狀況，也可以改善那些患有影響大腦疾病的人的健康狀況。故選D。42．句意：隨著科技的發(fā)