熱點09三大主題意境之人與自我（閱讀理解之首字母填空）（原題版）

熱點09人與自我閱讀理解之首字母填空題首字母填空類短文題是近幾年中考試題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一，因為它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉開考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測試的范疇，它考查的范圍極廣，可以是英語知識的方方面面，還可能涉及其它學(xué)科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫出來，并且單詞形式合理，符合語法規(guī)范，符合短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示?？墒沁@種題型因難度相對較大，考生失分現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。學(xué)生要仔細(xì)閱讀全文，利用上下文提供的有關(guān)信息，再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)句子，判斷所缺單詞的句子成分，才能完成練習(xí)。完型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型，最能測量考生實際運用語言的能力。要做好此類題目，考生不但要有較強的語感，善于體會上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而且要有扎實的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量?？疾橹攸c是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。英語閱讀主題意境中涉及到人與自我的主要話題包括：自我認(rèn)知與成長：作品可能探討人物對自己內(nèi)心世界的認(rèn)知，以及他們在經(jīng)歷中的成長和變化。自我實現(xiàn)與追求：作品可能探討人物對于自我價值的實現(xiàn)與追求，及他們在這個過程中面對的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。內(nèi)心世界與情感表達：作品可能描繪人物內(nèi)心的復(fù)雜情感，以及他們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^行為和言辭來表達這些情感。自我價值與存在意義：作品可能探討人物對于自我價值意義的思考，以及他們對生活、命運的理解與回應(yīng)?！緫?yīng)試技巧】短文填空題失分率較高，其原因也是較多的。有些同學(xué)或急于求成，或過于自信，或為節(jié)省時間，在未通讀完全文時便匆匆答題。殊不知這樣做會適得其反，達不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正確的解題方法和技巧是十分必要的。1.通讀全文，了解大意短文中雖有一些詞未知，但不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解。在初步閱讀中，可以跳過空格，盡量捕捉文章所提供的內(nèi)容信息，以及語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析與判斷。2.再讀全文，理清脈絡(luò)通讀全文、掌握大意后，還應(yīng)逐字逐句地仔細(xì)閱讀，從文意中找出句與文、句與句、詞與句、詞與詞之間的關(guān)系，尤其是一些不易察覺的、隱含的微妙關(guān)系，用已知信息去獲取未知信息，以便初步確定答案。在答題過程中，同學(xué)們可以把有把握的詞先填好，逐步減少空格對閱讀造成的障礙，然后再仔細(xì)推敲剩下的難題。3.仔細(xì)推敲，確保準(zhǔn)確詞義判斷正確了不等于答題正確，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性。有的學(xué)生經(jīng)過思考確定了一個意思正確的詞作為答案，但忽略了從語法角度再進行驗證，因而出現(xiàn)了一些與時態(tài)、人稱等有關(guān)的詞形變化的錯誤。如果填的詞是名詞，首先要考慮到單、復(fù)數(shù)的問題；如果是動詞，要考慮應(yīng)使用什么時態(tài)和語態(tài)。注意：填入的詞既能使句意通順，又能做到語法、用詞搭配的正確。如bought易誤答成buy；lights易誤答成light；reaches易誤答成reach;heavier易誤答成heavy等。因此，在初步確定答案后，一定還要反復(fù)考慮，仔細(xì)推敲，確保用詞準(zhǔn)確4.復(fù)讀全文，全面檢查答題完畢后復(fù)讀全文，進行核查是必不可少的。做完題后，一定要認(rèn)真檢查，盡量減少粗心所致的筆誤或拼寫錯誤，對有疑問的地方，更要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯發(fā)展進行反復(fù)斟酌，這樣才能盡量避免失分。一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Peoplewanttoknowifpremademealsarehealthyenoughforteenagers.Premademealsrefertohalffinishedorfinisheddishesthatarealreadycookedorprepared,accordingtotheChinaCuisineAssociation(中國烹飪協(xié)會).Thereareseveralkindsofpremadefoods:readytoeatfood,suchascannedfoodorcookedfoodinpackages,andreadytoheatorreadytocookfood.Thesefoodsusuallyr1heatingorcookingfirstbeforebeingserved.Manypeoplethinkthatpremadefoodsarelesshealthybecausetheyusuallyneedtobekeptinf2.“Infact,freezingitselfdoesnotcausenutrition(營養(yǎng))loss,”LiuJunya,a33yearoldprofessorindietinBeijingsaid.“Butnutritionlossdoeshappenwhenweheatorfrythefood.VitaminsBandCinmeatandvegetablescanbelostduringthatp3.Bybeingheatedorcookedtwiceormore,premadefoodscanbelessnutritiousthanfreshlypreparedandcookedfoods,”Liusaid.“B4,manypremadefoodpaniesputthetasteoffoodaheadofnutrition,”saidLiu.Thisleadstohigherlevelofsaltandsugarinthefoodandmaycauseserioushealthproblemsinthelongterm.Additives(添加劑)area5problemrelatedtopremadefoods.Theyaremainlyusedtoimprovetheflavourofthefood,aswellastokeepit,increaseitsshelflife,andcolorit.InChina,foodindustryhasalreadyhadmoderntechnologytokeeppremadefoodswithoutanyadditives.Inthiswaysomefoodcanbekeptforalongertime.Butit’sn6thatcustomersonlybuypremadefoodsfrombigandqualified(有資質(zhì)的)foodpaniesorsupermarkets.Itishopedthatlawsonpremademealscanensurebetternutritionandhygiene(衛(wèi)生).“Inthiswaywehopepremademealswillbea7bymoreandwillbringconvenienceinsteadofworriestopeople.Butatpresent,noonecantell.”Liusaid.二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Homesweethome—thisphrasebringsbackgoodmemoriesandfeelings.Theplaceyoucallhomemightbeahouse,aflat,atentorotherplaces.H8didyouknowthattheconditionofyourlivingspacecanhaveaneffectonyouremotions(情感)andevenonyourmentalhealth?Byorganizingyourlivingspace,youcanhelptoachieveamorepeacefullife.AddlightItgoeswithoutsayingthatthelightinginyourroomorinyourhousecana9yourmood.Ifthelightingistoodim(昏暗的),yourmoodmayendupmatchingthedarkatmosphere.Artificial(人工的)lightmaynotdothetrick,though.Itisbettertoopenyourcurtainsbecausen10sunlightmakesyourwholedaybrighter.GogreenTomakesureyouhavegoodmentalhealth,surroundyourselfwithgreenplants.Alargenumberofstudieshaveshownthatthepresenceofgreenplantsinyourhomecani11mood.Choosecolorsw12Thecolorofyourenvironmenthasanactiveinfluenceonyourmood.Choosingcolorsthatcreateacalmatmosphere(氛圍)canbeatypeoftreatment.CleanitupLet’salladmitit;Wehavetroublekeepingourspaceclean.Butitdoesn’tjustlookterrible;itmakesyoufeelterrible.Anuntidyroombothshowsstressandcausesstress.Disordercanshowthatyou’retoobusytokeepthingstidy,butthenlookingatam13canleadtomorestress.Cleaningupdoesn’thavetotakeallday—justtake10or15minutesandputafewthingsaway.Youwillbesurprisedhowmuchbetteryou’llfeel.Thereisnol14towaysyoucanmakeyourenvironmentgoodforyourmentalhealth.Youcanputupphotosofyourfamilyandfriendsorpostencouragingnotesfrompeoplethatshowhowmuchtheyloveyou.Justremember:Yoursurroundingscanmake“homesweethome”muchsweeter.三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)ThepowerofpositivethinkingIsyourglassofmilkhalffullorhalfempty?Thisquestionisoftenusedtot15people’sattitudeinasituation:Peoplewhostayactivealwayshavepositivethinking(ahalffullglass),whilethosewhoarenegativeusuallylookontheotherside(ahalfemptyone).Whyispositivethinkinggoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohavepositivethinkingarelikelytoexperiencel16stressandcandobetterwhenfacedwithchallenges.However,peoplewhoalwaysexpecttheworsttohappenmayfindithardtobelievethesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshavefoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyouhappierandmores17.Thisisbecauseyoubelievethatyoucanreachyourgoals,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.Whyisworryinglikeafirealarm?Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe.Ifyouwereneverworried,youwouldn’tnoticethedangerahead.Butthef18isthatitsometimesgoesoffwhenthereisn’tahugedangertoface.Whenthishappens,youmayfeelupsetandanxiousaboutwhatisgoingtohappen.HowdoIdealwiththe‘firealarm’?1.Gosomewherepeacefulandc19yourself.Takefivedeepbreathsandthinkofyourfavouritesportsstars.Whatwouldtheysay?2.Talktoafriendortrustedadultaboutyourworriesandtrytounderstandwherethe‘firealarm’isingfrom.3.Sometimesthealarmwilld20ifyousingtoyourself,listentomusic,cuddlethecat,haveabathorhavesomethingtoeatordrink.HowcanIbepositive?Thesewordsaretakenfromchildren’sbooksforyourreference.1.‘Happinesscanbefoundeveninthed21times,ifonerememberstoturnonthelight.’2.‘Iamnotafraidofstorms,forIamlearninghowtosailmyship.’四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)OpenyourmindBeingcuriousabouttheworldaroundyoucanboostyourconfidence.Asanewschoolyearbegins,openingyourmindtonewpeopleandexperienceswillhelpyoumakefriendsandd22newinterests.Don’tworryaboutit—haveago!Havinganopenmindandbeingcuriousmeanstryingtounderstandotherpeople’st23andideas,evenifyoudon’talwaysagreewiththem.Italsomeanstryingnewexperiencesandexploringdifferentwaysofdoingthings.Youcanhaveanopenmindabouta24.Thenewschooltermmeansthereareplentyofopportunitiestoopenyourmind,findanewactivitytotry,makenewfriendsandintheprocess,learnmoreaboutyourself.Therearemanyb25tobeingopenminded.KendraCherryisanauthorandexpertinfeelings,andshesaysithelpsyoulearnnewthingsabouttheworldandthepeoplearoundyou.Thismakesyoufeelmoreconfidentandpositiveaboutfacingchallenges.Havinganinterestinotherpeoplegivesyoumoreempathy,whichmeansyouunderstandandsharetheirfeelings,saysCherry.Beingopentof26ideascanalsocreateexcitingnewonesofyourown.Startbyaskingquestions,saysCherry.Soifyou’reunsureaboutjoininganewclub,askyourselfwhat’sstoppingyou.Imaginehowitfeelstolearnanews27,meetnewpeopleandmakefriends.Don’tjumptoasuddendecisionbutgiveyourselftimetothinkaboutitfirst.Ifsomeonesayssomethingyoudisagreewith,theninsteadofdecidingtheyarew28orarguingback,takeamomenttoconsiderwhytheyhavethatopinion.Finally,openyourmindtonewideas.Evenifyouthinkyou’reanexpertonasubjectthereisalwaysmoreyoucanlearn,五、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Interviewwithanartisan(工匠)BakerJenny’sSweetsisafamousbakeryintheheartofJing’an.Itopenedin2016,andquicklybecamethefirstchoiceforlocals.Inthisinterview,wespeakwiththeowner,tolearnwhatmakesherbusinesssosuccessful.Whatdoesitmeantobean“artisan”baker?Itissoamazinghowwonderfule29hasbeenhere.Atfirst,openingabakeryinanewcountrywasworried.Butthepeopleherearesonice,andtheyr30likeingtomylittleartisanbakery.Whymakeeverythingbyhand?Well,tome,itmeansthatwemakeourbreadandcakesbyhand,thet31way.Wedon’tusemachinesorfrozenfoodstomakeourproducts.Ourproductsarehealthierandtastebetterb32everythingismadefresheverymorning,IknowthatamommyisfeedingherfamilywithbreadImade.It’sabigr33togivethemhealthy,tastyfoodsthatwillmakethemhappy.Ifweusedmachinestomakeourproducts,allofourcakepopswouldbethesame.Wouldn’tusingmachinesmakeyourjobeasier?Isupposeso.Ifweusemachines,wecouldmakemoreproducts.Itwouldbemuchc34,too.Also,wewouldn’tselloutofpopularproducts,sowewouldmakemoremoney.But,ourbreadwouldn’ttastenearlyasgood.Anditwouldbealotlesshealthy.Personally,Ip35tosellOUTofsomethinggood,thansellaLOTofsomethingbad.Astheysay:“QualityoverQuantity(數(shù)量).”一、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Oneday,Jacksonagedeightwentfishingwithhisfather.Atnoonhefeltthatsomethingbigonhisline,hec36tookthefishoutofthewater.Itwasthel37onehehadeverseen.Hisfatherlookedathiswatch.Itwasnearlythreehoursbeforethefishingseasonopened.Helookedatthefish,thenatJackon.“You’llhavetoputitback,son,”hesaid.“Dad!”criedJackon.“Therewillbeotherfish,”saidhisfather.“Notasbigasthisone,”criedJackon.Helookeda38.Therewerenootherfishermen.Helookedagainathisfather.Hecouldtellthatthed39wasnotnegotiable（可以商量的）.Heslowlyworkedthehookoutofthefishandputitintothewater.Thatwas35yearsago.Today,Jacksonisanexcellentmanager.Hesometimest40hisownchildrentofishinthesameriver.Hehasn41againcaughtsuchalargefishastheonehegotthatday.Buthedoesseethatsamefishagainandagaineverytimeheesupagainstaquestionofethics（道德）.Dowedorightwhenn42islooking?Wewouldifweweretaughttoputthefishbackwhenwewereyoung.二、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Afriendofminewasfondofdrawinghorse.Hedrewthehorsesverywell,buthealwaysbeganthetail.NowitistheWesternruletobeginattheheadofthehorse,thatiswhyIwassurprised.Itstruckmethatitcouldnotreallymakeanydifferencew43theartistbeginsattheheadorthetailorthebelly(肚子)orthefootofthehorse,ifhereallyknowshisbusiness.Andmostgreatartistswhoreallyknowtheirbusinessdonotfollowotherpeople’srule.Theymaketheirownr44.Everyoneofthemdoeshisworkinawaypeculiar(奇特的)tohimself;andthepeculiaritymeansonlythathef45itmoreeasytoworkinthatway.Nowtheverysamethingistruetoliterature(文學(xué)).Andtheq46“HowshallIbegin?”onlymeansthatyouwanttobeginattheheadi47ofbeginningatthetailorsomewhereelse.Thatis,youarenotyetexperienced(有經(jīng)驗的)e48totrusttoyourownpowers.Whenyoubeemoreexperiencedyouwillneveraskthequestion,andIthinkthatyouwilloftenbeginatthetail—thatistosay,youwillwritethee49ofthestorybeforeyouhaveeventhoughtofthebeginning.三、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Differentpeoplemayfindthatdifferentlearningmethodsworkbestforthem.Whilesomewouldturntoteachersforhelpinordertogetbettergrades,otherschoosetostudyt50.Infact,manyuniversitiesencouragetheirstudentstoformstudygroupsandmakegooduseofthem.“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”That’sthes51ideabehindstudygroups.Byparticipatinginastudygroup,studentscanbenefitfromsomeoftheirbestacademic(學(xué)術(shù)的)resources:otherstudents.Theygettopickeachother’sbrainsandi52theirownunderstandingofdifferentproblems.Moreover,studygroupscancreatetheslightlytense(緊張的)atmosphere.Manypeoplethinkit’sgoodtostudyinit.Forexample,somestudentstendtoprocrastinate(拖延)whentheyarestudyinga53.However,byjoiningastudygroup,theygettoobservetheirdiligentpartnersandaremorewillingtoworkharder.Studygroupsworkbestwhentheyares54.FourtofivestudentsisjustOK.Andit’snecessarytomakesureeveryonehasthesamegoal,toprepareforaparticulartest,todiscussclassreadingsortoreviewalecture’snotes.Inaddition,somestudygroupsliketogivememberscertainr55sothattheywouldstudymosteffectively.Firsttheyneedanorganizer.Heusuallygetsgroupmemberstoagreetoamonpurposeandaconvenienttimeandplace.Theyalsoneedagroupmembertosearchforsourcesofinformation.Hisorherd56istoremindgroupmemberstoidentifytheirsources.Whenagroupmembersays“Ireadsomewherethat…”heorsheisusuallyaskedforspecifics(細(xì)節(jié)).Thispersonremindsthegroupthatit’simportanttoknowwhosaidwhatandwhereitwassaid.Andagatekeepertriestomakesurethatallgroupmembersareparticipating.四、Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，是其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一次，首字母已給)Ididn’tcrywhenIlearnedIwastheparentofadisabledchild.“Goaheadandcry,”thedoctoradvisedkindly,butIcouldn’tcrythen,norduringthedaysthatfollowed.WhenJennywasoldenough,Isenthertoakindergarten.Onthefirstmorning,Jennyspenthoursplayingbyherself.Itseemedthatshefeltveryl57.However,tomyjoy,Jenny’sclassmatesalwaysencouragedher,“yougotallyourspellingwordsrighttoday!”Infact,herspellinglistwasthee58.Latershefacedaverypainfulproblem—attheendoftheterm,therewasagamewhichhadsomethingtodowithphysicaleducation.ButJennywaswaybehindinit.MyhusbandandIwereanxiousabouttheday.Iwantedtokeepherhome.WhyletJennyfailinagymfilledwithparents,studentsandteachers?Butmyheartwouldn’tletmeoffthateasily.SoIpushedapale,unwillingJennyontotheschoolbus.Atthekindergarten,Iwasquiteworriedbecauseofherslowaction.Jennywouldprobablyholdup(阻礙)herteam.Thegamewentonwellu59itwastimeforthesack(麻袋)race.SurelyJennywouldfinditdifficult.Noweachchildhadtoclimbintoasack,jumptothefinishingline,returnandclimboutofthesack.InoticedJennystandingneartheendofherlineofplayers.Butasitwasherturntojoin,ac60tookplaceinherteam.ThetallestboybehindJennyplacedhishandsonherwaist(腰).Twootherboysstoodaheadofher.ThemomenttheplayerbeforeJennysteppedoutfromthesack,thosetwoboyspickedupthesackquicklyandheldito61whilethetallboyliftedJennyanddroppedherintoit.AgirlinfrontofJennytookherhandandsupportedher,makingsure